Over the last two decades, the amount of evidence corroborating an association between dental plaque bacteria and coronary diseases that develop as a result of atherosclerosis has increased. These findings have brought a new aspect to the etiology of the disease. There are several mechanisms by which dental plaque bacteria may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes: activation of innate immunity, bacteremia related to dental treatment, and direct involvement of mediators activated by dental plaque and involvement of cytokines and heat shock proteins from dental plaque bacteria. There are common predisposing factors which influence both periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Both diseases can be initiated in early childhood, although the first symptoms may not appear until adulthood. The formation of lipid stripes has been reported in 10-year-old children and the increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor contributing to lipid stripes development. Endothelium damage caused by the formation of lipid stripes in early childhood may lead to bacteria penetrating into blood circulation after oral cavity procedures for children as well as for patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.

• MeSH
• Atherosclerosis complications   immunology   microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Chronic Periodontitis complications   immunology   microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Cytokines genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Gene Expression MeSH
• Coronary Disease complications   immunology   microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Immunity, Innate MeSH
• Heat-Shock Proteins genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Dental Plaque complications   immunology   microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cytokines MeSH
• Heat-Shock Proteins MeSH

Our 10-year study of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients includes repeated clinical observations, microbiological characteristics and analysis of genetic polymorphism of IL-1A and IL-1B genes. Twenty patients (age 15-26 years) were divided according to the clinical status in the 4th year into a group with mean number of teeth with bleeding on probing (BP) 9.8 and mean number of teeth with periodontal pocket (PP) 2.23, and a group with mean number of teeth with BP 5.37 and no PP. Significantly higher values of mean BP and PP were found among the groups during the study but a strong progression of disease was found only in 3 patients. The risk IL-1A allele-2 and IL-1B allele-2 genotype and bacterial presence were analyzed by DNA hybridization methods. No significant differences of bacteria composition (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were found between the groups. A higher prevalence of composite IL-1 genotype was detected in the group of EOP patients with progressive disease. Early finding of the disease followed by conservative therapy could positively influence the disease progression. EOP treated in early stages may, but need not, develop into the aggressive form in the presence of risk genotype IL-1.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolation & purification   MeSH
• Bacteria isolation & purification   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Interleukin-1 genetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Oral Hygiene MeSH
• Periodontal Index MeSH
• Periodontitis diagnosis   genetics   microbiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis isolation & purification   MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia isolation & purification   MeSH
• Treponema denticola isolation & purification   MeSH
• Dental Health Surveys MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Interleukin-1 MeSH

Early onset periodontitis (EOP) is a chronic inflammatory periodontal disease with a strong genetic link affecting individuals aged 17 to 25. In the familial studies we tested the hypothesis about the role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of EOP disease. The study involved 6 individuals with EOP disease and their 6 siblings with healthy periodontium. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. a), a bacterium typical for EOP, was detected in all people studied. Th1 and Th2 cytokine production was measured after in vitro stimulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and cultivated for 24 h and 7 days with PWM, A. a. or Escherichia coli. The levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IgA, IgG and IgM were measured by ELISA methods. After in vitro stimulation of PBMC, a significantly higher production of IL-4 and significantly lower production of IFN-gamma were found in the group of patients compared with their healthy siblings. The increased level of IL-4 in patients was in good agreement with an increased level of IgM after stimulation of lymphocytes with E. coli. These results support Seymour's hypothesis according to which patients with progressive disease primarily activate Th2 lymphocytes while non-susceptible individuals activate Th1 lymphocytes.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans immunology   MeSH
• Aggressive Periodontitis immunology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Escherichia coli immunology   MeSH
• Immunoglobulin A metabolism   MeSH
• Immunoglobulin G metabolism   MeSH
• Immunoglobulin M metabolism   MeSH
• Interferon-gamma biosynthesis   MeSH
• Interleukin-4 biosynthesis   MeSH
• Cells, Cultured MeSH
• Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology   immunology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Nuclear Family MeSH
• Th1 Cells immunology   MeSH
• Th2 Cells immunology   MeSH
• Age of Onset MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Immunoglobulin A MeSH
• Immunoglobulin G MeSH
• Immunoglobulin M MeSH
• Interferon-gamma MeSH
• Interleukin-4 MeSH

The effect of dental plaque bacteria on LFA-1 beta expression on peripheral blood leukocytes was studied in 20 patients with early-onset periodontitis and in 10 healthy controls. Stimulation of PMN with selected dental plaque bacteria which play a role in the pathogeny of periodontitis significantly increased the expression of LFA-1 beta in the group of patients as compared with the controls.

• MeSH
• Actinomyces viscosus immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 blood   MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Leukocytes immunology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Nocardia asteroides immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Periodontitis etiology   immunology   microbiology   MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Age of Onset MeSH
• Dental Plaque microbiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 MeSH