The little studied white rot fungus Ischnoderma resinosum was tested for its ability to decolorize seven different synthetic dyes. The strain efficiently decolorized Orange G, Amaranth, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Cu-phthalocyanin and Poly R-478 on agar plates and in liquid culture at a relatively high concentration of 2-4 and 0.5-1 g l(-1), respectively. Malachite Green and Crystal Violet were decolorized to a lower extent up to the concentration of 0.1 g l(-1). Decolorization capacity of I. resinosum was higher than that in Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus or Trametes versicolor. In contrast with these thoroughly examined fungi, I. resinosum was able to degrade a wide spectrum of chemically and structurally different synthetic dyes. I. resinosum also efficiently decolorized dye mixtures. In liquid culture, Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R were decolorized most rapidly; the process was not affected by different nitrogen content in the media. Shaken cultivation strongly inhibited the decolorization of Orange G.

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Basidiomycota metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis   MeSH
• Waste Disposal, Fluid methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH

Fluorescein derivatives added into the growth medium were decolorized during submerged cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The highest decrease of absorbance A450 was observed in the growth phase regardless of the presence of inducers Tween 80 or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Fluorescein linked to PEG was prepared and, after addition to cultures, shown to stimulate the production of lignin peroxidase. Passing of fluorescing substances into hyphae (observed by confocal microscopy) showed that they were concentrated on some structures inside hyphae.

• MeSH
• Enzyme Induction MeSH
• Fluorescein chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Fluorescent Dyes chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Hyphae metabolism   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Peroxidases metabolism   MeSH
• Phanerochaete growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Polyethylene Glycols chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Polysorbates pharmacology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Fluorescein MeSH
• Fluorescent Dyes MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• lignin peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Peroxidases MeSH
• Polyethylene Glycols MeSH
• Polysorbates MeSH

The potential use of fungal pellets for decolorization of the textile dyeing wastewater was evaluated. The live pellets of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were found to remove more than 95% of the color of this wastewater within 1 d. The dye-removal capacity was a function of time and was proportional to the agitation rate; the optimum temperature was 30 degrees C. Both live and dead pellets were further examined in a repeated-batch mode for 5 d. The decolorization performance of live pellets remained high and stable for 5 d and they showed twice to thrice higher decolorization capacity than dead pellets.

• MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism   MeSH
• Indoles metabolism   MeSH
• Phanerochaete metabolism   MeSH
• Textile Industry methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH
• indirubin MeSH Browser
• Indoles MeSH

The ability to decolorize four synthetic dyes (Phenol Red, Evans Blue, Eosin Yellowish and Poly B411) in five Pleurotus ostreatus strains (a parental strain and four isolates derived from it) was determined. Two of the isolates had markedly higher and other two substantially lower production of ligninolytic enzymes and hydrogen peroxide than the parental strain. Like the parental strain, the higher-producing isolates were able to decolorize all the tested dyes, but not to a higher extent than the parental strain. In contrast, two lower-producing isolates exhibited slow decolorization, which was incomplete even at the end of cultivation. Evans Blue and Eosin Yellowish strongly suppressed the growth of the strains, while Phenol Red and Poly B411 induced none or only a very slight growth reduction.

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases metabolism   MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism   MeSH
• Peroxidases metabolism   MeSH
• Pleurotus chemistry   enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Textile Industry MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Oxidoreductases MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide MeSH
• Peroxidases MeSH

Neem hull waste (containing a high amount of lignin and other phenolic compounds) was used for lignin peroxidase production by Phanerochaete chrysosporum under solid-state fermentation conditions. Maximum decolorization achieved by partially purified lignin peroxidase was 80% for Porocion Brilliant Blue HGR, 83 for Ranocid Fast Blue, 70 for Acid Red 119 and 61 for Navidol Fast Black MSRL. The effects of different concentrations of veratryl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, enzyme and dye on the efficiency of decolorization have been investigated. Maximum decolorization efficiency was observed at 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide, 2.5 mmol/L veratryl alcohol and pH 5.0 after a 1-h reaction, using 50 ppm of dyes and 9.96 mkat/L of enzyme.

• MeSH
• Azadirachta MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Benzyl Alcohols metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Bioreactors MeSH
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Lignin metabolism   MeSH
• Peroxidases metabolism   MeSH
• Phanerochaete enzymology   MeSH
• Substrate Specificity MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Benzyl Alcohols MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• lignin peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Lignin MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Peroxidases MeSH
• veratryl alcohol MeSH Browser

The ability of a Brazilian strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius to decolorize structurally different synthetic dyes (including azo, triphenylmethane, heterocyclic and polymeric dyes) was investigated in solid and submerged cultures. Both were able to decolorize completely or partially 8 of 10 dyes (Amido Black, Congo Red, Trypan Blue, Methyl Green, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Methyl Violet, Ethyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue). No decolorization of Methylene Blue and Poly R 478 was observed. Of the four phenol-oxidizing enzymes tested in culture filtrates (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, aryl alcohol oxidase, laccase), P. pulmonarius produced only laccase. Both laccase activity and dye decolorization were related to glucose and ammonium starvation or to induction by ferulic acid. The decolorization in vivo was tested using three dyes--Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Trypan Blue and Methyl Green. All of them were completely decolorized by crude extracellular extracts. Decolorization and laccase activity were equally affected by pH and temperature. Laccase can thus be considered to be the major enzyme involved in the ability of P. pulmonarius to decolorize industrial dyes.

• MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Pleurotus enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Industrial Microbiology * MeSH
• Monophenol Monooxygenase biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Brazil MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Laccase MeSH
• Oxidoreductases MeSH
• Monophenol Monooxygenase MeSH

Agitation, temperature, inoculum size, initial pH and pH of buffered medium affected the decolorization of Orange II dye by Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii. The optimum temperature and initial pH value for decolorization were 30 degrees C and 6.5-7.0, respectively; pH 4.5 was the most efficient in buffered cultures. High decolorization extents were reached at all agitation rates. At an inoculum size of more than 1 mL, the extent of decolorization changed only slightly. High extents were obtained using immobilized fungi at repeated batch mode.

• MeSH
• Azo Compounds metabolism   MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Coloring Agents metabolism   MeSH
• Benzenesulfonates metabolism   MeSH
• Polyporales metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• 2-naphthol orange MeSH Browser
• Azo Compounds MeSH
• Coloring Agents MeSH
• Benzenesulfonates MeSH

Wastewater from olive oil mill was decolorized (and its chemical oxygen demand reduced in static cultivation) using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability was demonstrated. P. chrysosporium (in 20% medium with cotton stalk) reduced the COD by 48% and color by 58%, F. trogii (in 30% medium with cotton stalk)) by 51 and 55%, respectively.

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical isolation & purification   MeSH
• Gossypium MeSH
• Fungi metabolism   MeSH
• Oxygen MeSH
• Waste Disposal, Fluid MeSH
• Plant Oils * MeSH
• Olive Oil MeSH
• Phanerochaete metabolism   MeSH
• Pleurotus metabolism   MeSH
• Polyporales metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH
• Oxygen MeSH
• Plant Oils * MeSH
• Olive Oil MeSH