PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, the terms "metabolic associated fatty liver disease-MAFLD" and "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-MASLD" were introduced to improve the encapsulation of metabolic dysregulation in this patient population, as well as to avoid the negative/stigmatizing terms "non-alcoholic" and "fatty". RECENT FINDINGS: There is evidence suggesting links between MASLD and coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), although the data for HF, AF, stroke and PAD are scarcer. Physicians should consider the associations between MASLD and CV diseases in their daily practice. Based on this knowledge and current guidelines, they should also assess and manage CV risk/co-morbidities in such patients. It is important to further investigate the impact of MASLD on CV outcomes, a knowledge that will help to elucidate the clinical implications of this "novel" liver entity.
- Klíčová slova
- Cardiovascular disease, Coronary heart disease, Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Stroke,
- MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- ztučnělá játra patofyziologie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A novel permanent carotid filter device for percutaneous implantation was developed for the purpose of stroke prevention. In this review, we cover rationale, existing preclinical and clinical data, and potential future directions for research using such a device. RECENT FINDINGS: The Vine™ filter was assessed for safety in sheep and in 2 observational human studies, the completed CAPTURE 1 (n = 25) and the ongoing CAPTURE 2 (planned n = 100). CAPTURE 1 has shown high procedural and long-term implant safety. A control group was not available for comparison. A mechanical filter for permanent stroke prevention can be implanted bilaterally in the common carotid artery safely and efficiently. A randomized trial is planned for 2021 (n = 3500, INTERCEPT) to demonstrate superiority of a filter + anticoagulation strategy over anticoagulation alone in patients at high risk for ischemic stroke.
- Klíčová slova
- Atrial fibrillation, Carotid filter, Common carotid artery, Embolic protection, Stroke prevention,
- MeSH
- arteria carotis communis MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- fibrilace síní * komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- protézy a implantáty MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Traditional transvenous approach for permanent cardiac pacing can be associated with significant acute and chronic complications related partly to either the insertion of transvenous lead or subcutaneous placement of pacemaker device. We summarize the current status of a novel self-contained leadless cardiac pacemaker in the first-in-human and subsequent series of feasibility studies in patients indicated for ventricular rate-responsive pacing (VVI). Using a femoral venous approach, the device is implanted at the right ventricular apical septum region. We describe the technical and clinical characterization of this innovative technology. Two different systems of leadless pacemakers are currently implanted to the patients. Up to now, the electrical parameters, such as pacing thresholds, sensing parameters, and pacing impedances, either improved or remained stable within the accepted range. In this chapter, we also discuss the potential benefit for the future, but in summary, all available data demonstrate the feasibility of leadless cardiac pacing.
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in women in developed countries. Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in women, particularly after the menopause. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been identified as the key lipid parameter in both genders whereas HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides have been more closely associated, in some studies, with cardiovascular risk in women. Menopause has been shown to be associated with an increase in total and LDL-cholesterol and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol (predominantly in the HDL2 subfraction). Despite its beneficial effects on the lipid profile, hormone replacement therapy is not recommended for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. The latest meta-analysis of statin trials with gender-specific outcomes showed a similar benefit in women and men. The addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndromes showed a further reduction of the primary endpoint in both genders. While there are no gender-related differences in drug treatment of dyslipidemia, current guidelines, to avoid overtreatment, strongly suggest risk estimation before initiating lipid-lowering treatment in women without manifest cardiovascular disease.
- MeSH
- anticholesteremika terapeutické užití MeSH
- dyslipidemie krev farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- estrogenní substituční terapie metody MeSH
- ezetimib aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci krev prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kontraindikace MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menopauza krev MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- simvastatin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- statiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- výběr pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anticholesteremika MeSH
- ezetimib MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol MeSH
- simvastatin MeSH
- statiny MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
