BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have reported the association of sweetened beverages (SB) with cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between SB and cardiovascular mortality has not been clearly established. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between SB consumption and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to July 31, 2021, for prospective cohort studies investigating this association in adults. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association between SB: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)/artificial-sweetened beverages (ASB) exposure and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: A total of eight cohort studies comprising 1.2 million participants exposed to SB, reported 15,831 (1.2%) cases of cardiovascular mortality with a median follow-up of 12.2 years. Consuming at least one glass (250 ml) of SB per day (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00-1.12, P < 0.001) or ≥2 glasses per day (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.16-1.31, P < 0.001) was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. SSB and ASB intake of ≥2 glasses per day increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 21% (RR:1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.33, P < 0.001) and 33% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that high SSB and ASB consumption are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Policymakers and public health practitioners should work on multisectoral strategies to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages around the world and among all population groups.

• Klíčová slova
• Beverage, Cardiovascular, Morbidity, Mortality, Policy, Public health,
• MeSH
• cukrem slazené nápoje * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nápoje slazené umělými sladidly škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sladidla škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sladidla MeSH

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients represent a vulnerable population that may be susceptible to more severe COVID-19. Moreover, not only the underlying NAFLD may influence the progression of COVID-19, but the COVID-19 may affect the clinical course of NAFLD as well. However, comprehensive evidence on clinical outcomes in patients with NAFLD is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and meta-analysis the evidence on clinical outcomes in NAFLD patients with COVID-19. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception through November 2020. Epidemiological studies assessing the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with NAFLD were included. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality. Generic inverse variance method using RevMan was used to determine the pooled estimates using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Fourteen studies consisting of 1851 NAFLD patients, were included. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies, and studies were of moderate to high quality [mean, (range):8 (6, 8)]. For NAFLD patients, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for the severe COVID-19 was 2.60 (95%CI:2.24-3.02; p < 0.001) (studies,n:8), aOR for admission to ICU due to COVID-19 was 1.66 (95%CI:1.26-2.20; p < 0.001) (studies,n:2), and aOR for mortality for was 1.01 (95%CI:0.65-1.58; p = 0.96) (studies,n:2). CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection and admission to ICU due to COVID-19 with no difference in mortality was observed between NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients. Future studies should include the mortality outcome to conclusively elucidate the impact of NAFLD in patients with COVID-19.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Mortality, NAFLD, Severity, Systematic review,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 komplikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater komplikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Glucocorticoids and the GR serve as an essential molecular mediator of stress and different physiologic processes. This review summarizes main findings from studies on the role of the GC/GR signaling in the modulation of genes for nutrient processing by the different organs involved in metabolic diseases. METHODS: Descriptive review of relevant papers known to the author was conducted. RESULTS: Several high-throughput screenings in the past 15 years have identified potential GR DNA-binding regions in different cell types with genes that are annotated to be important for the control of metabolism. Transcriptional regulation of these GC-responsive genes provides links between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and systemic energy homeostasis in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Future studies must reconsider the use of agonist, the utilization of animal models of stress and metabolic disorders, and validation in humans. CONCLUSION: This review recapitulates the significant role of the GC/GR signaling in molecular metabolic control and metabolic disorders. Potential future research focus and optimizations have also been identified.

• Klíčová slova
• Glucocorticoid receptor, Glucocorticoids, Metabolic disorders, Metabolism,
• MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• glukokortikoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukokortikoidy MeSH

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   MeSH
• diabetické angiopatie farmakoterapie   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• PPAR alfa agonisté   antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• PPAR alfa MeSH

AIMS: Visfatin (NAMPT/PBEF) is a recently identified adipocytokine which harbors strong insulin-mimetic activity and was reported to be associated with obesity. However, nothing is known about whether visfatin is related to specific nutritional behavior which may result in obesity development. This is the first study focusing on genetic variability of the visfatin gene and its association with circulating visfatin, anthropometric parameters and dietary composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed a total of 11 exons and adjacent non-coding regions of the NAMPT gene in 20 extremely obese Czech individuals (mean BMI 52.2±5.0 SD) using direct sequencing and a frequency of rs2302559 was established in the validation cohort of another 605 individuals with completed 7-day food records and complex anthropometric measurements. Serum levels of visfatin, leptin and leptin-receptor were measured in all sequenced individuals and in part of the validation cohort. RESULTS: Three common polymorphisms were identified, two in non-coding regions (rs78411774 A/C, rs71564769 A/C) and one synonymous SNP in exon 7 (rs2302559 A/G). The rs2302559 showed significant correlation with visfatin serum level throughout the entire study cohort (p<0.001); there was a significant tendency toward higher visfatin levels in G allele carriers with GG homozygotes having the highest visfatin serum levels. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between visfatin and leptin serum level (p=0.01). No association between investigated SNPs and anthropometric parameters or native dietary composition was observed. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that the rs2302559 polymorphism in the PBEF gene is related to circulating levels of visfatin. As the SNP is synonymous, we hypothesize it might be linked to another SNP in the PBEF gene which controls visfatin serum levels.

• Klíčová slova
• Anthropometric parameters, Dietary composition, Extreme obesity, NAMPT, SNP, Visfatin,
• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• dietní záznamy MeSH
• hubenost MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa MeSH

Visfatin, a product of PBEF gene, is an adipocytokine that harbours strong insulin-mimetic activity and it has been reported previously to associate with obesity. Recent reports also provide evidence that Visfatin has also important intracellular effects as it is homologous with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). In this review, we summarize the main documented effects of Visfatin on metabolism in humans, with special emphasis put on the pathways associated with obesity.

• MeSH
• beta-buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa MeSH