PURPOSE: Social media use has increased rapidly during the past decade, raising concerns about adolescents who display problematic social media use (PSMU), as indicated by addiction-like symptoms (e.g., preoccupation, tolerance). We aimed to assess the extent to which an individual resource (health literacy), and social resources (friend support and family support), moderated the association between a range of individual characteristics (gender, age, family affluence, and depressive feelings) and PSMU; also the association between PSMU and health outcomes (self-rated health, life satisfaction, and sleep difficulties), both cross-nationally and nationally. METHODS: Our sample included 22,226 adolescents from six European countries. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross-sectional survey (2017/2018). Random-effects models and moderator analyses were applied. RESULTS: Six moderations were found, with the resources moderating the association between individual characteristics and PSMU. One moderation emerged cross-nationally, namely that a higher level of family support was associated with a lower likelihood of PSMU, especially among adolescents who did not have frequent depressive feelings. In addition, five national moderations were identified. For example, a higher level of health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PSMU among Finnish girls. The resources were also found to moderate the association between PSMU and health outcomes, with two moderations emerging cross-nationally. For instance, a higher level of family support was related to higher self-rated health, especially among problematic users. In addition, nine national moderations were identified; these included a higher level of health literacy being associated with having less sleep difficulties, especially among problematic users in Germany. DISCUSSION: In adolescence, health literacy, family support, and friend support have the potential to moderate the association between individual characteristics and PSMU, and between PSMU and health outcomes, cross-nationally and nationally. We recommend the use of universal and targeted interventions to promote individual and social resources to counteract PSMU.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescent, Family support, Friend support, Health, Health literacy, Problematic social media use, Social media,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování * MeSH
- poruchy iniciace a udržování spánku * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sociální média * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
PURPOSE: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. METHODS: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. RESULTS: Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. DISCUSSION: Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.
- Klíčová slova
- Bullying, Cross-national, Cyberbullying, Gender, Gender inequality, HBSC, Perpetration, Victimization,
- MeSH
- agrese MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kyberšikana * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- oběti zločinu * MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- šikana * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: This study aims to identify distinct typologies of joint family activities and the associations with mental health and wellbeing among adolescents across four countries from the World Health Organization European region. METHODS: The 2017/2018 data from adolescents from Armenia (n = 3,977, Mage = 13.5 ± 1.6 years, 53.4% female), Czechia (n = 10,656, Mage = 13.4 ± 1.7, 50.1% female), Russia (n = 4,096, Mage = 13.8 ± 1.7, 52.4% female), and Slovakia (n = 3,282, Mage = 13.4 ± 1.5, 51.0% female) were collected in schools. The respondents self-reported their participation in joint family leisure-time activities, life satisfaction, psychological and somatic complaints, as well as a range of demographic and family situational factors. Stratified by countries, latent class analysis identified typologies of joint family activities, and logistic regression models explored cross-sectional associations with life satisfaction, and psychological and somatic complaints. RESULTS: Three typologies were identified across each of the four countries, distinguished by low, moderate, and high levels of family engagement. Adolescents with higher family engagement generally reported greater life satisfaction and fewer psychological complaints compared to those with lower family engagement. Russian adolescents in the high family engagement typology reported fewer somatic complaints compared to those with low family engagement. In addition, adolescents from Czechia and Russia showing moderate family engagement also reported fewer psychological complaints compared to those in the low family engagement typology. DISCUSSION: Our findings from four countries suggest that adolescents with high family engagement have greater life satisfaction and fewer psychological complaints, pointing toward a need for interventions to support family engagement among adolescents. Further research is needed to fully explore underlying mechanisms.
- Klíčová slova
- Family, Global survey, Leisure time, Mental health, Organized activities, Youth,
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých * psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity psychologie MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the prevalence of weight reduction behaviors (WRBs) among European adolescents from 26 countries between 2001/2002 and 2017/2018. The impact of the perception of body weight on WLB was also analyzed, with particular attention being paid to overestimation. METHODS: The data of 639,194 European adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were analyzed. Age-standardized prevalence rates of WRB were estimated separately by survey round and gender for each country, using the overall 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study population as the standard. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess WRB trends over time, adjusted for survey year, body mass index, body weight misperception, and family affluence and stratified by gender and age. RESULTS: In the 26 countries examined, the overall age-adjusted prevalence rates of WRB were 10.2% among boys and 18.0% among girls. The prevalence of WRB was higher for girls, but in the more recent surveys, gender differences in WRB decreased. There was a significant increase in the percentage of WRB among boys in most countries. Among girls, most countries did not experience significant changes. Increases in body mass index and overestimation of body weight were significant factors increasing the risk of WRB in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The change in the prevalence of WRB by gender warrants greater attention from researchers and practitioners alike.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescents, BMI, Overestimation of body weight, Trends, Weight perception, Weight reduction behavior,
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dieta psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- percepce tíže * MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
PURPOSE: Previous research has shown inconsistent time trends in adolescent mental well-being, but potential underlying mechanisms for such trends are yet to be examined. This study investigates cross-national time trends in adolescent mental well-being (psychosomatic health complaints and life satisfaction) in mainly European countries and the extent to which time trends in schoolwork pressure explain these trends. METHODS: Data from 915,054 adolescents from 36 countries (50.8% girls; meanage = 13.54; standard deviationage = 1.63) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018) were included in the analyses. Hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. We also tested whether schoolwork pressure could explain these trends in mental well-being. RESULTS: A small linear increase over time in psychosomatic complaints and schoolwork pressure was found. No change in life satisfaction emerged. Furthermore, there was large cross-country variation in the prevalence of, and trends over time in, adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. Overall, declines in well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure were apparent in the higher income countries. Across countries, the small increase in schoolwork pressure over time partly explained the decline in psychosomatic health complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial declines in mental well-being among adolescents. Yet, the small declines in mental well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure appear to be quite consistent across high-income countries. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy-makers. Country differences in trends in both adolescent mental well-being outcomes and schoolwork pressure were considerable, which requires caution regarding the cross-national generalization of national trends.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescence, Adolescent, Country variation, Cross-national, HBSC, Life satisfaction, Mental health, Mental well-being, Multilevel analysis, Psychosomatic health complaints, Schoolwork pressure, Trends, Well-being,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- osobní uspokojení * MeSH
- psychický stres psychologie MeSH
- psychosomatické poruchy epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- školy MeSH
- studenti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
PURPOSE: Insufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international discussions are lacking. We examined the sleep patterns of adolescents across 24 countries and by gender, age, and affluence groups. METHODS: We obtained sleep data on 165,793 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years; 50.5% girls) in 24 European and North American countries from the recent cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2013-2014 and 2017-2018). For each country, we calculated the age-standardized mean in sleep duration, timing, and consistency and the proportions meeting sleep recommendations on school and nonschool days from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. We conducted stratified analyses by gender, age, and family affluence group. RESULTS: Adolescent sleep patterns varied cross-nationally. The average sleep duration ranged between 7:47 and 9:07 hours on school days and between 9:31 and 10:22 hours on nonschool days, and the proportion of adolescents meeting sleep recommendations ranged between 32% and 86% on school days and between 79% and 92% on nonschool days. Sleep patterns by gender and affluence groups were largely similar, but older adolescents slept less and went to bed later on school days than younger adolescents in all countries. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep patterns of adolescents vary across countries and sociodemographic groups. Insufficient sleep on school days is common in many countries. Public health and policy efforts to promote healthy adolescent sleep are encouraged.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescents, Age disparities, Epidemiology, International surveys, Public Health, Sleep, Sleep patterns, Socioeconomic differences,
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých etnologie psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres epidemiologie MeSH
- školy MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- spánek fyziologie MeSH
- spánková deprivace epidemiologie MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Spojené státy americké epidemiologie MeSH
PURPOSE: This study examined (1) whether intense and problematic social media use (SMU) were independently associated with adolescent well-being; (2) whether these associations varied by the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU; and (3) whether differences in the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU were related to differences in mobile Internet access. METHODS: Individual-level data came from 154,981 adolescents (meanage = 13.5) from 29 countries that participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Intense SMU was measured by the time spent on social media, whereas problematic SMU was defined by symptoms of addiction to social media. Mental (life satisfaction and psychological complaints), school (school satisfaction and perceived school pressure), and social (family support and friend support) well-being were assessed. Country-level data came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Internet access. RESULTS: Two-level regression analyses indicated that in countries with a lower prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported lower levels of life satisfaction and family support and more psychological complaints than nonintense users. In contrast, in countries with a higher prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported higher levels of family support and life satisfaction than nonintense users, and similar levels of psychological complaints. In all countries, intense users reported more friend support than nonintense users. The findings regarding problematic SMU were more consistent: In all countries, problematic users reported lower well-being on all domains than nonproblematic users. Observed differences in country-level prevalence rates of intense and problematic SMU could not be explained by mobile Internet access. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents reporting problematic SMU are particularly at risk of lower well-being. In many countries, intense SMU may be a normative adolescent behavior that contributes positively to specific domains of their well-being.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescents, Cross-national research, HBSC, Problematic social media use, Social media use, Well-being,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- internet MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- návykové chování * MeSH
- osobní uspokojení * MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- sociální média statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- zdravé chování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: A computer-facilitated screening and brief advice (cSBA) intervention was previously shown to reduce drinking among U.S. adolescents but not among Czech youth. The purpose of this study was to assess cSBA effect on heavy episodic drinking (HED). METHODS: Participants were 12- to 18-year-olds at nine U.S. primary care offices (N = 2,096) and 10 Czech pediatrician-generalist offices (N = 589) who completed measurements only during an 18-month treatment-as-usual (TAU) phase. We then initiated the cSBA protocol for all participants and recruited the 18-month cSBA phase. Generalized Estimating Equations logistic regression compared past-90-day HED for cSBA versus TAU at 3- and 12-months, controlling for baseline HED and other covariates. RESULTS: Baseline past-90-day HED rates were 11% for U.S. and 28% for Czech youth. At 3 months, among Czech baseline non-HED, the adjusted relative risk ratio for cSBA versus TAU was .52 (95% confidence interval .29, .92). The effect dissipated by 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: cSBA shows promise for short-term prevention of adolescent HED.
- Klíčová slova
- Adolescents, Heavy episodic drinking, Technology-assisted prevention,
- MeSH
- diagnóza počítačová metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nárazové pití alkoholu diagnóza terapie MeSH
- pití nezletilých statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- plošný screening * MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek diagnóza MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
