We present final results of a study comparing teriparatide 20 μg every day (QD) with risedronate 35 mg once per week (QW) started within 2 weeks after surgery for a pertrochanteric hip fracture. Patients with BMD T-score ≤ -2.0 and 25OHD ≥9.2 ng/mL were randomized to receive 26-week double-dummy treatment plus calcium and vitamin D, followed by 52-week open-label treatment with the same assigned active drug. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in lumbar spine (LS) BMD at 78 weeks. Secondary and exploratory endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur, function, hip pain (Charnley score and 100 mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), quality of life (Short Form-36), radiology outcomes, and safety. Data were analyzed with mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) and logistic regression. Totally, 224 patients were randomized; 171 (teriparatide: 86) contributed to the efficacy analyses (mean ± SD age: 77 ± 7.7 years, 77% females). Mean baseline LS, femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) T-scores were -2.16, -2.63, and -2.51, respectively. At 78 weeks, BMD increased significantly more with teriparatide compared to risedronate at the LS (+11.08% versus +6.45%; p < 0.001) and FN (+1.96% versus -1.19%; p = 0.003), with no significant between-group difference in TH BMD. Timed up-and-go (TUG) test was significantly faster with teriparatide at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks (differences: -3.2 to -5.9 s; p = 0.045 for overall difference). Hip pain during TUG test by 100 mm VAS was significantly lower with teriparatide at 18 weeks (adjusted difference: -11.3 mm, p = 0.033; -10.0 and -9.3 mm at 12 and 26 weeks, respectively; p = 0.079 for overall difference). Other secondary and exploratory outcomes were not different. Teriparatide group showed two new hip fractures versus seven with risedronate (p = 0.171) and more frequent hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. In conclusion, 78-week treatment with teriparatide showed significantly greater increases in LS and FN BMD, less pain, and a faster TUG test versus risedronate. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

• Klíčová slova
• BISPHOSPHONATES, BONE MINERAL DENSITY, FRACTURE RECOVERY, PERTROCHANTERIC HIP FRACTURE, TERIPARATIDE,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• fraktury kyčle krev   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH

The 2-year, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled fracture endpoint VERO study included postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis, who had at least 2 moderate or 1 severe baseline vertebral fractures (VFx), and bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ≤-1.5. Patients were treated with either s.c. daily teriparatide 20 μg or oral weekly risedronate 35 mg. As previously reported, the risk of new VFx and clinical fractures (a composite of clinical VFx and nonvertebral fragility fractures [NVFFx]) was statistically significantly reduced with teriparatide compared with risedronate. Here we present the prospectively planned subgroup analyses of fracture data across subgroups, which were predefined by the following baseline characteristics: age, number and severity of prevalent VFx, prevalent nonvertebral fractures (NVFx), glucocorticoid use, prior osteoporosis drugs, recent bisphosphonate use, clinical VFx in the year before study entry, and baseline BMD. Heterogeneity of the treatment effect on the primary endpoint (new VFx), and the four key secondary endpoints (including clinical fractures and NVFFx) were investigated by logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 1360 women were randomized and treated (680 per group). Mean age was 72.1 years, mean (SD) number of prevalent VFx was 2.7 (2.1), 55.4% had a BMD T-score <-2.5, 36.5% had a recent clinical VFx, 28.3% had a prior major NVFx, 43.2% were osteoporosis drug-naïve, 39.3% were recent bisphosphonate users, and 9.3% were taking glucocorticoids at a prednisone-equivalent dose of >5 mg/d. For most fracture endpoints, the risk reduction of teriparatide versus risedronate did not significantly differ in any of the subgroups analyzed (treatment-by-subgroup interaction p > 0.1), with most subgroups mirroring results from the total study population. In conclusion, in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis, the antifracture efficacy of teriparatide compared with risedronate was consistent in a wide range of patient settings, including treatment-naïve and previously treated patients. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.

• Klíčová slova
• BISPHOSPHONATES, POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS, SUBGROUP ANALYSIS, TERIPARATIDE, VERTEBRAL FRACTURES,
• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• fraktury páteře farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporóza farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• postmenopauza * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH

PURPOSE: Using data from the 2-year, randomized, double-dummy VERO trial, we examined the changes in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations over time, and whether the fracture risk reduction of teriparatide versus risedronate varies by baseline 25(OH)D sufficiency category. METHODS: Postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis received subcutaneous daily teriparatide 20 μg or oral weekly risedronate 35 mg, with concomitant 500-1000 mg of elemental calcium and 400-800 IU/day of vitamin D supplements. Fracture endpoints were analyzed by predefined subgroups of 25(OH)D insufficient and sufficient patients. Heterogeneity of the treatment effect on fractures was investigated by logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D was 31.9 ng/mL in the teriparatide group and 31.5 ng/mL in the risedronate group, and 16.8% and 17.9% of patients, respectively, were 25(OH)D insufficient. At month 6, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration decreased in teriparatide-treated patients to 24.5 ng/mL (by approximately 23%) but remained relatively constant in risedronate-treated patients (32.2 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Proportions of 25(OH)D insufficient patients at month 6 were 26.7% and 5.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). The risk reduction with teriparatide versus risedronate for any of the fracture endpoints did not significantly differ between subgroups by 25(OH)D sufficiency status at baseline, with nonsignificant (p > 0.1) treatment-by-25(OH)D interactions in all fracture analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration decreases during teriparatide treatment. Fracture risk reduction with teriparatide versus risedronate did not significantly differ between the two groups of patients defined by baseline 25(OH)D. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01709110 EudraCT Number: 2012-000123-41.

• Klíčová slova
• 25-Hydroxy-vitamin D, Bisphosphonates, Fractures, Postmenopausal osteoporosis, Subgroup analysis, Teriparatide,
• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporotické fraktury etiologie   MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitamin D analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH

UNLABELLED: FRAX® calculates the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), which are considered to have a greater clinical impact than other fractures. Our results suggest that, in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis, those treated with teriparatide had a 60% lower risk of FRAX®-defined MOF compared with those treated with risedronate. INTRODUCTION: The VERO trial was an active-controlled fracture endpoint clinical trial that enrolled postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis. After 24 months, a 52% reduction in the hazard ratio (HR) of clinical fractures was reported in patients randomized to teriparatide compared with risedronate. We examined fracture results restricted to FRAX®-defined major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), which include clinical vertebral, hip, humerus, and forearm fractures. METHODS: In total, 1360 postmenopausal women (mean age 72.1 years) were randomized to receive subcutaneous daily teriparatide (20 μg) or oral weekly risedronate (35 mg). Patient cumulative incidence of ≥ 1 FRAX®-defined MOF and of all clinical fractures were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analyses, and the comparison between treatments was based on the stratified log-rank test. Additionally, an extended Cox model was used to estimate HRs at different time points. Incidence fracture rates were estimated at each 6-month interval. RESULTS: After 24 months, 16 (2.6%) patients in the teriparatide group had ≥ 1 low trauma FRAX®-defined MOF compared with 40 patients (6.4%) in the risedronate group (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23-0.68; p = 0.001). Clinical vertebral and radius fractures were the most frequent FRAX®-defined MOF sites. The largest difference in incidence rates of both FRAX®-defined MOF and all clinical fractures between treatments occurred during the 6- to 12-month period. There was a statistically significant reduction in fractures between groups as early as 7 months for both categories of clinical fractures analyzed. CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis, treatment with teriparatide was more efficacious than risedronate, with a 60% lower risk of FRAX®-defined MOF during the 24-month treatment period. Fracture risk was statistically significantly reduced at 7 months of treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01709110 EudraCT Number: 2012-000123-41.

• Klíčová slova
• Bisphosphonates, FRAX®, Fractures, Osteoporosis, Risedronate, Teriparatide,
• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• kyselina risedronová terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporotické fraktury * epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory kostní resorpce * MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH

The gastrointestinal absorption of bisphosphonates is in general only about 1%. To address this problem mixtures of risedronate monosodium salt with twelve varied sugar alcohols, furanoses, pyranoses and eight gluco-, manno- and galactopyranoside derivatives as counterions were designed in an effort to prepare co-crystals/new entities with improved intestinal absorption. Crystalline forms were generated by means of kinetically and/or thermodynamically controlled crystallization processes. One hundred and fifty-two prepared samples were screened by means of FT-NIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. No co-crystal was prepared, but noteworthy results were obtained. A new solid phase of risedronate monosodium salt generated in the presence of phenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside under thermodynamically controlled crystallization conditions was found and also characterized using solid state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. This new polymorph was named as form P. Interactions between risedronate monosodium salt and both carbohydrates were confirmed by means of molecular dynamics simulation. In the present study the relationships between the chemical structures of the studied compounds required for crystalline form change are discussed.

• MeSH
• diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• galaktosidy chemie   MeSH
• krystalizace MeSH
• kyselina etidronová analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• sacharidy chemie   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• galaktosidy MeSH
• kyselina etidronová MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• phenyl-D-galactopyranoside MeSH Prohlížeč
• sacharidy MeSH

The number of papers reporting the occurrence of specific pathological fractures in long-term biphosphonate users has recently increased. They refer to the forms of stress fracture probably resulting from an extreme decrease in bone turnover, which may involve sub-trochanteric or isolated transverse fractures, or short transverse fractures with a unicortical beak in an area of cortical hypertrophy. At the time of prodromal signs and symptoms, cortical bone at the site of impeding fracture appears rougher on radiographs. Gradually, an incomplete fracture develops, with a subsequent complete fracture often sustained without any mechanism of injury noted. The occurrence of such fractures is reported in the range of 2 to 8 years from the start of biphosphonate use. The fractures are often bilateral and, at the time the first occurs, it is often possible to diagnose contralateral pathological changes similar to those before the first fracture. The paper presents the case of a female patient who sustained a bilateral pathological sub-trochanteric fracture; the first fracture occurred after 5 and the other after 9 years of Rizendronat use. She was followed up for unilateral incomplete sub-trochanteric fracture from the fourth year of its use. In that period, magnetic resonance imaging showed a pathological finding in the contralateral extremity. She had already had prodromal signs manifested as lasting hip pain before the first fracture. Both fractures were surgically treated. Thirty-three months later she had to undergo repeat surgery for pseudoarthrosis at the site of the first fracture. The pseudoarthrosis healed without complications. However, in the second fracture non-union was still present at 7 months after surgery. The patient took Rizendronat during the whole treatment period and thereafter. In the discussion, certain aspects of long-term biphosphonate use are addressed, as well as some preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to this rare complication.

• MeSH
• fraktury femuru chemicky indukované   diagnóza   MeSH
• fraktury spontánní chemicky indukované   diagnóza   MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kyselina etidronová škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
• kyselina etidronová MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis drugs might affect fracture-healing. We therefore studied the effects of teriparatide in comparison with risedronate on recovery after pertrochanteric hip fractures. METHODS: The study was a randomized, multicenter, active-controlled, 78-week trial comparing teriparatide (20 μg/day) with risedronate (35 mg/week) initiated within 2 weeks after fixation of a low-trauma pertrochanteric hip fracture (AO/OTA 31-A1 or 31-A2). The main inclusion criteria were a bone mineral density T-score of ≤-2.0 and 25-OH-vitamin D of ≥9.2 ng/mL. During the first 26 weeks, patients received study medication with oral or injectable placebo plus calcium and vitamin D in a double-blinded fashion. Secondary (Timed Up-and-Go [TUG] test, hip pain, Short Form [SF]-36 health status, and safety) and exploratory (radiographic outcomes and ability to walk) 26-week end points are reported. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients who were randomized, 171 (86 teriparatide, 85 risedronate) were included in the analysis. The mean age was 77 ± 8 years, 77% were female, and 26% had a prior history of low-trauma fracture. The teriparatide group completed the TUG test in a shorter time at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks (differences of -5.7, -4.4, -3.1, and -3.1 seconds, respectively; p = 0.021 for the overall difference). They also reported less pain on a visual analog scale immediately after the TUG test at 12 and 18 weeks (adjusted absolute differences of 10.6 and 11.9 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). There were no significant between-group differences in the SF-36 score, Charnley hip pain score, ability to walk, or use of walking aids during follow-up. Radiographic healing at 6, 12, and 26 weeks, mechanical failure of the implant (teriparatide, 7; risedronate, 8), loss of reduction (teriparatide, 2; risedronate, 4), and nonunion (0 cases) were not significantly different. Mild hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia were more frequent with teriparatide. CONCLUSIONS: Teriparatide was associated with less pain and a shorter time to complete the TUG test between 6 and 26 weeks compared with risedronate. Other fracture-recovery outcomes were similar. The results should be interpreted with caution as these were secondary end points. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• fraktury kyčle farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hojení fraktur účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH

BACKGROUND: No clinical trials have compared osteoporosis drugs with incident fractures as the primary outcome. We compared the anti-fracture efficacy of teriparatide with risedronate in patients with severe osteoporosis. METHODS: In this double-blind, double-dummy trial, we enrolled post-menopausal women with at least two moderate or one severe vertebral fracture and a bone mineral density T score of less than or equal to -1·50. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 μg of teriparatide once daily plus oral weekly placebo or 35 mg of oral risedronate once weekly plus daily injections of placebo for 24 months. The primary outcome was new radiographic vertebral fractures. Secondary, gated outcomes included new and worsened radiographic vertebral fractures, clinical fractures (a composite of non-vertebral and symptomatic vertebral), and non-vertebral fractures. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01709110) and EudraCT (2012-000123-41). FINDINGS: We enrolled 680 patients in each group. At 24 months, new vertebral fractures occurred in 28 (5·4%) of 680 patients in the teriparatide group and 64 (12·0%) of 680 patients in the risedronate group (risk ratio 0·44, 95% CI 0·29-0·68; p<0·0001). Clinical fractures occurred in 30 (4·8%) of 680 patients in the teriparatide group compared with 61 (9·8%) of 680 in the risedronate group (hazard ratio 0·48, 95% CI 0·32-0·74; p=0·0009). Non-vertebral fragility fractures occurred in 25 (4·0%) patients in the teriparatide group and 38 (6·1%) in the risedronate group (hazard ratio 0·66; 95% CI 0·39-1·10; p=0·10). INTERPRETATION: Among post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis, the risk of new vertebral and clinical fractures is significantly lower in patients receiving teriparatide than in those receiving risedronate. FUNDING: Lilly.

• MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporotické fraktury diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza komplikace   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teriparatid škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Amerika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• teriparatid MeSH

One approach for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability is the technique of nanoparticle preparation. Risedronate sodium (Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class III) was chosen as a model compound with high water solubility and low intestinal permeability. Eighteen samples of risedronate sodium were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique with sodium dodecyl sulfate, polysorbate, macrogol, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl dextran as nanoparticle stabilizers applied in three concentrations. The prepared samples were characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy was used for verification of the composition of the samples. The particle size of sixteen samples was less than 200 nm. Polysorbate, sodium carboxymethyl dextran and macrogol were determined as the most favourable excipients; the particle size of the samples of risedronate with these excipients ranged from 2.8 to 10.5 nm.

• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• dextrany chemie   MeSH
• diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie metody   MeSH
• dodecylsíran sodný chemie   MeSH
• farmaceutická technologie metody   MeSH
• kyselina etidronová analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly chemie   MeSH
• polysorbáty chemie   MeSH
• pomocné látky chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy chemie   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• carboxymethyl dextran MeSH Prohlížeč
• dextrany MeSH
• dodecylsíran sodný MeSH
• kyselina etidronová MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH
• polysorbáty MeSH
• pomocné látky MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH

Bisphosphonates are commonly used for treatment of osteoporosis. They inhibit osteoclast activity and thus bone resorption. It was shown that they also affect some other cell types including tumour and endothelial cells. The effects of risedronate on bone marrow microenvironment were not studied yet. As endothelial cells are integral part of bone marrow microenvironment, it is important to know whether prolonged administration of bisphosphonates does not affect haematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow haematopoiesis. We fed mice two weeks with risedronate. We found no effect of risedronate treatment on bone marrow stem cells using the method of congenic bone marrow repopulation. Risedronate administration in the dose which is considered to be comparable to a dose of risedronate used for treatment of osteoporosis in women seems to be safe in terms of effects on mouse haematopoiesis.

• MeSH
• buňky kostní dřeně cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• fosfáty krev   MeSH
• hematopoéza účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina etidronová škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• leukocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• semenné váčky účinky léků   MeSH
• transplantace kostní dřeně MeSH
• vápník krev   MeSH
• velikost orgánu účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfáty MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce MeSH
• kyselina etidronová MeSH
• kyselina risedronová MeSH
• vápník MeSH