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11 záznamů v PubMed Filtry

Článek

Functional Morphology of the Human Uterine Tubes in the 21st Century: Anatomical Novelties and Their Possible Clinical Applications

Physiological research. 2022 Dec 27 ; 71 (Suppl 1) : S151-S159.

Physiol Res
ISSN 1802-9973 | 0862-8408
Zdroj

The uterine tube (UT) pathologies account for 25-35% of female factor infertility. Although these peculiar organs were first studied several hundred years ago, they have become overlooked and neglected mainly due to the successes of reproductive medicine. Nevertheless, the reproductive medicine still faces many challenges regarding the fertility outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many obstacles and problems can be resolved by a more detailed understanding of the UT morphology and function during normal reproduction. Over the course of the 21st century, many new insights have been obtained: the presence of a population of telocytes in the tubal wall responsible for normal motility and hormone sensory function, the demonstration of lymphatic lacunae of the mucosal folds necessary for oocyte capture and tubal fluid recirculation, or a thorough profiling of the immune makeup of the UT epithelial lining with the discovery of regulatory T cells presumably important for maternal tolerance towards the semi-allogenic embryo. New discoveries also include the notion that the UT epithelium is male sex hormone-sensitive, and that the UT is not sterile, but harbors a complex microbiome. The UT epithelial cells were also shown to be the cells-of-origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Finally, yet importantly, several modern morphological directions have been emerging recently, including cell culture, development of tubal organoids, in silico modelling, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. All these novel insights and new approaches can contribute to better clinical practice and successful pregnancy outcomes.

Článek

The Overview of Anatomical Variations and Congenital Anomalies of the Uterine Tubes and Their Impact on Fertility

Physiological research. 2022 Dec 27 ; 71 (Suppl 1) : S35-S49.

Physiol Res
ISSN 1802-9973 | 0862-8408
Zdroj

Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes (UTAVsCAs) are rare conditions, which are often undiagnosed, or accidentally diagnosed upon imaging, laparotomy, laparoscopy for unrelated condition, or during the Cesarean section. UTAVsCAs are often asymptomatic, but their clinical relevance lies in their possibly adverse impact on fertility. Since their rare occurrence, they are usually published as case reports. The most typically described are: agenesis of the uterine tubes (UTs), accessory UT (UT duplication), accessory UT ostium, and paratubal cysts (e.g. the hydatid cyst of Morgagni). UTAVsCAs are classified into an umbrella category of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) which comprises anomalous development of all the organs developing from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts, i.e., UTs, uterus and upper portion of the vagina. Interestingly, most of the classification systems of MDAs discuss solely the uterine and vaginal anomalies, while the UTs are often utterly ignored. This probably originates from the fact that UTs are no longer interesting for many clinicians as they think of UTs as superfluous organs whose function can be easily replaced in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Indeed, the modern reproductive medicine has been helping enormously with the conception of infertile couples. In many instances, the UTs are in fact successfully bypassed and a "test-tube" baby is born. Nevertheless, the UTs are still absolutely unique in providing suitable environment for fertilization and early embryo development - processes that hasn´t been still completely understood. This fact could partially explain why the success rate of IVF is "only" around 30-50 % depending on age. Therefore, the research of the UTAVsCAs is still clinically relevant in the context of reproductive medicine and should not be omitted from research endeavors.

MeSH
císařský řez * MeSH
fertilita MeSH
lidé MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
uterus diagnostické zobrazování abnormality MeSH
vagina diagnostické zobrazování abnormality MeSH
vejcovody * MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
těhotenství MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH

Článek

From a Passive Conduit to Highly Dynamic Organ. What are the Roles of Uterine Tube Epithelium in Reproduction?

Physiological research. 2022 Dec 27 ; 71 (Suppl 1) : S11-S20.

Physiol Res
ISSN 1802-9973 | 0862-8408
Zdroj

It is well known that the mammalian uterine tube (UT) plays a crucial role in female fertility, where the most important events leading to successful fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development occur. The known functions of these small intra-abdominal organs are: an uptake and transport of oocytes; storage, transportation, and capacitation of spermatozoa, and finally fertilization and transport of the fertilized ovum and early embryo through the isthmus towards the uterotubal junction. The success of all these events depends on the interaction between the uterine tube epithelium (UTE) and gametes/embryo. Besides that, contemporary research revealed that the tubal epithelium provides essential nutritional support and the most suitable environment for early embryo development. Moreover, recent discoveries in molecular biology help understand the role of the epithelium at the cellular and molecular levels, highlighting the factors involved in regulating the UT signaling, that affects different steps in the fertilization process. According to the latest research, the extracellular vesicles, as a major component of tubal secretion, mediate the interaction between gametes/embryo and epithelium. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on various aspects concerning tubal epithelium activity and its cross-talk with spermatozoa, oocytes and preimplantation embryo and how these interactions affect fertilization and early embryo development.

Článek

Prepankreatický průbeh v. mesenterica superior--kazuistika
[The prepancreatic course of superior mesenteric vein--a case report]

Rozhledy v chirurgii. 2006 Apr ; 85 (4) : 176-9.

Rozhl Chir
ISSN 0035-9351
Zdroj

A case of a prepancreatic course of the superior mesenteric vein found at post-mortem is described and a possible hypothesis of its development is offered. The prepancreatic course of the superior mesenteric or portal vein is not frequent, but in abdominal surgery it is necessary to take these anomalies into the consideration because of possible severe sequelae in the case of an inadvertent ligature of important vessels.

MeSH
lidé MeSH
senioři MeSH
vena mesenterica abnormality embryologie MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
senioři MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
anglický abstrakt MeSH
časopisecké články MeSH
kazuistiky MeSH

Článek

Effect of pH on proteinase secretion by transformed fibroblast populations

Folia biologica. 1998 ; 44 (3) : 111-6.

Folia Biol (Praha)
ISSN 0015-5500
Zdroj

Effect of pH on secretion of proteolytic enzymes in cell cultures of three clonal lines of transformed fibroblasts (K2, T15 and K4) was studied by using 14C-labelled denatured proteins as substrate. One line of malignant macrophages derived from mouse reticulum cell sarcoma (J774.1) was used for comparison. The relative motility index of all cell lines was derived by computer analysis of quantitative estimations of cell dispersion in single-cell-derived colonies. Cultivation at pH 6.5 decreased the growth rate in most experiments as compared with that at pH 7.4, and stimulated cell motility to a different extent. The population of mouse malignant macrophages produced several-fold higher extracellular proteolytic activity than the fibroblast lines. Secretion of proteinases by the malignant macrophages was significantly stimulated by the lower pH. Enzyme secretion by two of the three fibroblast derivatives was also stimulated by acidic pH but to a lesser extent than the secretion of the malignant macrophages. The assessment of motility done by measurement of dispersion of cells in colony proved a positive correlation between motility and proteinase secretion in J774.1 cells and one transformed fibroblast clone (T15) but not in the two other clonal lines.

Článek

Clonal expansion of epithelial cells from primary human breast carcinoma with 3T3 feeder layer technique

Folia biologica. 1998 ; 44 (2) : 67-71.

Folia Biol (Praha)
ISSN 0015-5500
Zdroj

3T3 feeder layer technique provided support for clonal growth and serial propagation of two apparently single epithelial cells isolated from a peroperative biopsy of a primary ductal breast carcinoma. The total culture lifetime was estimated to be more than 30 doublings, 21 of which took place during the primary culture. The two cells were the only survivors of two-week exposure to stressing conditions that resembled the microenvironment in a tumour (low pH, depleted nutrition and accumulation of metabolic waste). The epithelial character of the cells was proved by positive immunostaining for keratins 7/17. The majority of growing cells did not express keratin 19. Only quiescent cells in some colonies, which appeared to reach a more advanced stage of differentiation, expressed keratin 19. These features correspond with the characteristics of mammary luminal cells which in vivo undergo differentiation from the stem K19- to secretory K19+ cells. The luminal cells are supposed to be the target of malignant transformation in the mammary gland. The described technique opens a regular way for the in vitro clonal growth of individual primary cells from breast tumours. Such an approach can improve our understanding of the biology of breast cancer cell populations and also simplify the predictive chemosensitivity assay on breast cancer cells from individual patients.