Condylar hyperplasia is one of the causes of facial asymmetry and malocclusion, characterized by enlargement of the lower jaw due to excessive condyle growth activity. The aim of this study was to use micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the bone architecture of the condylar head and determine whether there are differences between patients with various forms of unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH): hemimandibular hyperplasia, elongation, and mixed form. The cohort consisted of 28 patients with a mean age of 21.9 years. All patients underwent surgical treatment (condylar shaving) for active pathological growth activity. The portion of the condylar head removed was imaged by micro-CT and subsequently evaluated. Micro-CT imaging and semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation of the bone structure (percentage bone volume, surface density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, degree of anisotropy, and porosity of the subchondral bone) did not reveal significant differences between the individual types of condylar hyperplasia (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in bone structure between the anterior and posterior portions of the condylar head. No statistically significant differences between individual groups of UCH were found in the micro-CT evaluation of the condylar head bone architecture.

• Klíčová slova
• Mandibular condyle, Mandibular osteotomy, Temporomandibular joint, Temporomandibular joint disorders, X-ray micro-CT,
• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperplazie diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of arthroscopic lysis and lavage on pain in patients with unilateral Wilkes stage III derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Authors retrospectively evaluated whether the arthroscopic lysis and lavage has an impact on pain decrease in patients with moderate osteoarthritis. METHODS: Patients with unilateral Wilkes III of temporomandibular joint were included in this study. All patients underwent arthroscopic lysis and lavage (ASC-L), assessed pain before and after the procedure (primary outcome variable), maximal interincisal opening (MIO) was recorded as secondary outcome variable. The patients also subjectively assessed whether they were satisfied with the outcome of the arthroscopy or whether their condition required further interventions. The disc position was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 24 months after the arthroscopy and compared with the disc position on the MRI prior to the arthroscopy. The R Project for Statistical Computing 3.4.1 and the Gretl Pro programs were used for statistical analysis. In addition to the descriptive statistics methods, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to verify data normality and the two sample t test used to test the hypotheses themselves. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 62 patients who underwent arthroscopic lysis and lavage (ASC-L) in 2015 and 2016. It included 6 men and 56 women with an average age of 34.37. Pain and MIO were recorded during regular check-ups 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. A therapeutic effect (MIO over 34 mm, VAS score 0-1) was recorded in 69% of cases 24 months after the ASC-L. Nonetheless, the work demonstrated the importance of subjective assessment, as 87% of patients perceived their condition as satisfactory after 24 months and not requiring further intervention, while 8 patients (13%) perceived it as unsatisfactory. Disc reposition 24 months following the ASC-L was recorded in only 44% of patients who assessed their condition as satisfactory. Patients with persistent disc dislocation 24 months after the arthroscopy were older, had a lower average maximal interincisal opening value before the ASC-L and a longer duration of mandibular movement restriction before the ASC-L (evaluated as a statistically significant difference). CONCLUSION: In this study, the authors confirmed that ASC-L is an effective therapeutic method in patients with WIII, from both clinical and subjective perspectives. This work demonstrated that improvement in patients with Wilkes stage III is not related to disc reposition. Postoperative physiotherapy is an integral component of ASC-L and is reflected in the final results.

• Klíčová slova
• Lysis and lavage, TMJ arthroscopy, Wilkes stage III,
• MeSH
• bolest MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• léčebná irigace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu * chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate disc perforation diagnosed in patients undergoing arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A retrospective analysis of 33 patients with disc perforation (35 joints) was performed. Patients and joints were divided into two groups: those with distal perforation (DP; perforation of the retrodiscal tissue, or the distal area of the disc at the site of ligament insertion into the retrodiscal tissue) and those with central perforation (CP; central and anterior part of the disc). The retrospective evaluation included aetiological factors, clinical symptoms, arthroscopic findings, and the effects of arthroscopic lavage. The most frequent aetiological factors in patients with disc perforation were stress and related parafunctional activities. The most frequent arthroscopic finding in both groups was hyperaemia of the bilaminar zone and synovial tissue. Other predominant arthroscopic findings were the presence of adhesions and anterior disc dislocation in the DP group and synovial hyperplasia in the CP group. Better outcomes of arthroscopic lysis and lavage were found in the CP group than in the DP group. At 12 months after arthroscopic lavage, the results showed that the therapy was satisfactory for 72% of the joints. The most common cause of distal perforation is anterior disc dislocation, whilst chronic inflammatory changes account for central perforation.

• Klíčová slova
• disc perforation, retrospective study, temporomandibular joint,
• MeSH
• artroskopie MeSH
• discus articularis čelistního kloubu patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• léčebná irigace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření bolesti MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu diagnóza   etiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an unusual disease in adults. Inoculation of the pathogen may occur through traumatic or iatrogenic injuries, or more often by haematogenous spread from a distant focus. The cause of infection is unknown in most cases. A case of ostensibly mild septic arthritis of the TMJ with a good response to antibiotic therapy and lavage, but that finally led to fatal destruction of the joint structures in a 38-year-old female patient, is reported herein. The infection was caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica - a rare bacterial species in humans, which has not been reported previously in any patients with joint problems. The arthritis manifested 5 weeks after an arthroscopy procedure, so the cause was not clear.

• Klíčová slova
• rare infection, septic arthritis, temporomandibular joint, total alloplastic replacement,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• artroplastiky kloubů MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• enterobakteriální infekce diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekční artritida diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• léčebná irigace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika panoramatická MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub diagnostické zobrazování   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience with endoscopy assisted open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures of the mandible. Their results are presented in a retrospective study of 33 patients with unilateral subcondylar fracture, who underwent a surgical procedure between 2010 and 2015. Reduction and fixation, stability of occlusion 12 months after the operation and also presence of complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Satisfactory reduction (anatomic or physiologic) was achieved in 31 patients. Stability of occlusion was worse in 1 patient (due to condylar absorption). Complications included mainly inflammatory complications (4 patients) and temporary paresis of the facial nerve (3 patients). Impaired function of temporomandibular joint was not reported in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: Endoscopy assisted open reduction and internal fixation is an alternative to classical surgical procedures, however it requires special instrumentarium and experienced surgical team.

• Klíčová slova
• Endoscopy, condyle complications., mandibular fracture,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endoskopie * MeSH
• fraktury mandibuly chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• otevřená repozice fraktury * MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnóza   MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae zranění   chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Stem cells biology is one of the most frequent topic of physiological research of today. Spinal fusion represents common bone biology challenge. It is the indicator of osteoinduction and new bone formation on ectopic model. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple model of spinal fusion based on a rat model including verification of the possible use of titanium microplates with hydroxyapatite scaffold combined with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae were fixed in 15 Wistar rats. The space between bony vertebral arches and spinous processes was either filled with augmentation material only and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane (Group 1), or filled with augmentation material loaded with 5 × 10⁶ MSCs and covered with a resorbable collagen membrane (Group 2). The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after the surgery. Histology, histomorphometry and micro-CT were performed. The new model of interspinous fusion was safe, easy, inexpensive, with zero mortality. We did not detect any substantial pathological changes or tumor formation after graft implantation. We observed a nonsignificant effect on the formation of new bone tissue between Group 1 and Group 2. In the group with MSCs (Group 2) we described minor inflamatory response which indicates the imunomodulational and antiinflamatory role of MSCs. In conclusion, this new model proved to be easy to use in small animals like rats.

• MeSH
• bederní obratle diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• fúze páteře škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• hydroxyapatit MeSH
• kostní destičky MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• osteogeneze MeSH
• osteointegrace MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
• titan MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hydroxyapatit MeSH
• titan MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Arthroscopy, Mini-instruments,
• MeSH
• artroskopie metody   MeSH
• artroskopy * MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• kostní dráty MeSH
• léčebná irigace přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrochirurgie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu chirurgie   MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel chemie   MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nerezavějící ocel MeSH

Total joint replacement of the temporomandibular joint (TJR) can be associated with intraoperative and postoperative complications. We report herein the occurrence of a postoperative open bite malocclusion, the result of condylar hyperplasia affecting the non-operated joint at 1 year after unilateral total joint replacement.

• Klíčová slova
• complication, condylar hyperplasia, total joint replacement,
• MeSH
• artroplastiky kloubů škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperplazie patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• processus condylaris mandibulae diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• protézy kloubů škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

A procedure for ultrasound-guided injection into the lower joint space of the temporomandibular joint is presented.

• Klíčová slova
• injection., temporomandibular joint, ultrasonography,
• MeSH
• injekce intraartikulární metody   MeSH
• intervenční ultrasonografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Many different surgical and non-surgical techniques are used for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility. One of these methods is autologous blood injection into the TMJ. The fate of the autologous blood used for treatment of recurring condylar dislocation is still not completely understood. The authors used 12 pigs (Sus scrota f. domestica) as a model species for autologous blood delivery into the TMJ. Blood injection was followed by histopathological analysis at different times after treatment (1h, 1, 2 and 4 weeks). Samples were examined by magnetic resonance imaging, macroscopic and histological methods. The deposition of the remaining blood was observed in the form of clots in the distal parts of the upper joint cavity 1h and 1 week after treatment. 2 weeks after treatment, small blood clots were still apparent in the distal part of the upper joint cavity. 4 weeks after surgery, no remnants of blood, changes or adhesions were apparent inside the TMJ. No morphological or histological changes were observed in the TMJ after the injection of autologous blood suggesting another mechanism is involved in the hypermobility treatment.

• MeSH
• autologní krevní transfuze metody   MeSH
• dislokace kloubu metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• hemokoagulace MeSH
• injekce intraartikulární MeSH
• krev metabolismus   MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu terapie   MeSH
• paracentéza MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• synoviální tekutina metabolismus   MeSH
• temporomandibulární kloub metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH