• Klíčová slova
• METHYLENE BLUE *, MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS *,
• MeSH
• inhibitory MAO * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory MAO * MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• GALLBLADDER/diseases *, METHYLENE BLUE *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH
• nemoci žlučníku * MeSH
• žlučník * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methylenová modř * MeSH

Methylene blue is a long-established drug with complex pharmacology and multiple clinical indications. Its diverse mechanisms of action are most likely responsible for the large variety of its clinical effects. Of interest to psychiatrists, methylene blue has antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties documented by both animal and human studies. Its stabilizing effect on mitochondrial function and dose-dependent effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species are of significant heuristic value. For these reasons, methylene blue holds promise as a proof-of-concept treatment of organic/neurodegenerative disorders and as a neuroprotective agent in general. In psychiatry, methylene blue has been used for over a century. It was tried successfully in the treatment of psychotic and mood disorders and as a memory enhancer in fear-extinction training. Particularly promising results have been obtained in both short- and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. In these studies, methylene blue produced an antidepressant and anxiolytic effect without risk of a switch into mania. Long-term use of methylene blue in bipolar disorder led to a better stabilization and a reduction in residual symptoms of the illness. It is usually well tolerated, but caution is needed in the light of its inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase A.

• MeSH
• antidepresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bipolární porucha farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methylenová modř terapeutické užití   MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• strach účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antidepresiva MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky MeSH

Freezing and lyophilization have been utilized for decades to stabilize pharmaceutical and food products. Freezing a solution that contains dissolved salt and/or organic matter produces pure primary ice crystal grains separated by freeze-concentrated solutions (FCS). The microscopic size of the primary ice crystals depends on the cooling conditions and the concentration of the solutes. It is generally accepted that primary ice crystals size influences the rate of sublimation and also can impact physico-chemical behaviour of the species in the FCS. This article, however, presents a case where the secondary ice formed inside the FCS plays a critical role. We microscoped the structures of ice-cast FCS with an environmental scanning electron microscope and applied the aggregation-sensitive spectroscopic probe methylene blue to determine how the microstructure affects the molecular arrangement. We show that slow cooling at -50 °C produces large salt crystals with a small specific surface, resulting in a high degree of molecular aggregation within the FCS. In contrast, fast liquid nitrogen cooling yields an ultrafine structure of salt crystals having a large specific surface area and, therefore, inducing smaller aggregation. The study highlights a critical role of secondary ice in solute aggregation and introduces methylene blue as a molecular probe to investigate freezing behaviour of aqueous systems with crystalline solute.

• Klíčová slova
• Freeze-concentrated solution, Freezing, Ice morphology, Lyophilization, Methylene blue, Secondary ice,
• MeSH
• led * MeSH
• lyofilizace MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• zmrazování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• led * MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• voda MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL *, DYES *, METHYLENE BLUE *,
• MeSH
• barvicí látky * MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie * MeSH
• farmacie * MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• barvicí látky * MeSH
• brilliant green MeSH Prohlížeč
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
• methylenová modř * MeSH

The surface area of various types of montmorillonites (MMT) with different values of layer charge plays a very important role in surface arrangement of methylene blue cations (MB). Photoluminescence measurements can be strongly or partially influenced by this surface arrangement of cations. For these reasons and on the basis of our previous results, molecular simulations were performed for various types of montmorillonites covered with methylene blue cations. Adsorption of methylene blue cations on Na-Wyoming MMT surface is different from Ca-Cheto MMT. In the case of Wyoming with a lower layer charge, MB cations lie parallel to the silicate layer for all investigated samples. On the other hand, Cheto surface is covered with a higher amount of MB cations. The results obtained from molecular modeling indicate that MB lies parallel to low loading case and become tilted with respect to layer for a higher loading. Moreover, a higher amount of MB cations covering the silicate layer are much less energy-stable. A higher loading of MB cations leads to aggregates but at low loading MB cations degrade to monomers.

• MeSH
• bentonit chemie   MeSH
• kationty chemie   MeSH
• methylenová modř chemie   MeSH
• molekulární modely * MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bentonit MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH
• voda MeSH

The distribution of various aggregates (dimers, trimers, and tetramers) of methylene blue (MB) formed in aqueous solution at various concentrations of dye has been calculated using the equilibrium aggregation constants betaq. Two montmorillonite samples with different cation exchange capacities, surface areas, and interlayer distances d001, Na-SWy, and Ca-Cheto, were saturated with methylene blue (MB) solutions with various ratios between monomers and higher aggregates of dye. The total amount of MB in the intercalated montmorillonite samples (MB-SWy and MB-Cheto) increases with increasing concentration of dye in water solutions, i.e., with increasing aggregates/monomers ratio of MB in water solution. In all intercalated montmorillonite samples with methylene blue except guest qth aggregate cations [MBqq+] low contents of Na+ (in MB-SWy) and Ca2+ (in MB-Cheto) cations were also determined. A very good positive correlation between the basal spacing d001 and the MB/montmorillonite molar ratio was revealed for saturated MB-montmorillonite samples. Structural analysis using a combination of diffraction data with molecular modeling revealed the differences in the interlayer arrangement of MB guests in MB-SWy and MB-Cheto intercalates. Also, fluorescence measurements showed the strong effect of the silicate layer charge on the spectroscopic behavior of MB guests intercalated in montmorillonite. Methylene blue exhibits a certain luminescence in MB-SWy samples with cation exchange capacity 0.80 meq g-1 and almost no luminescence in MB-Cheto samples with higher cation exchange capacity 1.50 meq g-1.

• MeSH
• bentonit chemie   MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• luminiscence MeSH
• methylenová modř chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• prášková difrakce MeSH
• roztoky chemie   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bentonit MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• voda MeSH

Textile and printing industries play a vital role in the economy of any country. But the effluents of these industries, which contain toxic Methylene Blue (MB) dye when mixed with fresh water, make it unfit for human health and aquatic life. For the removal of MB, different adsorbents were used, but they were expensive, non-biodegradable or less effective. In this research, novel carboxymethyl starch grafted poly 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CM-St-g-P2CEtA) was synthesized by reacting carboxymethyl starch with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate. The reaction followed a free radical polymerization mechanism. The structure and properties of CM-St-g-P2CEtA were investigated by advanced analytical techniques. The CM-St-g-P2CEtA was employed for the remediation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from wastewater. The removal percentage (%R) of MB was checked under different parameters, like different pH levels, different initial concentrations of dye, different adsorbent doses, and different contact times. The results obtained during the experiment were subjected to different adsorption and kinetic models. In the kinetic investigation, the experimental results were best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model due to its high R2 value of 0.999. Similarly, with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.947, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was best represented by the experimental results. The Langmuir adsorption model showed that MB dye was adsorbed on the surface of CM-St-g-P2CEtA in a monolayer pattern. The pseudo 2nd order kinetic model suggested that the adsorption process favored chemisorption mechanism. The CM-St-g-P2CEtA showed maximum percentage removal efficiency (%R) of 99.3% for MB dye.

• Klíčová slova
• Adsorption, Adsorption isotherms, Bio-based adsorbent, Environmentally friendly, Kinetic study, Methylene blue,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methylenová modř chemie   MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 3-acryloyloxypropionic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• carboxymethyl starch MeSH Prohlížeč
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH

The ascorbic acid (AA) concentration in anterior pituitary and blood plasma was measured by the Roe-Kuether method in control rats and rats treated with oestradiol benzoate alone, methylene blue alone and with both oestradiol and methylene blue. We have found that methylene blue alone caused a significant drop in hypophyseal both AA and plasma AA concentrations. Methylene blue treatment prevented the increase in plasma AA concentration in oestradiol benzoate-treated rats.

• MeSH
• adenohypofýza metabolismus   MeSH
• estradiol farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina askorbová antagonisté a inhibitory   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• methylenová modř farmakologie   MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• estradiol MeSH
• kyselina askorbová MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH

Methylene blue (MB) is a thiazine dye used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia. It may represent a new class of anti-oxidant drugs which competitively inhibit the reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide by acting as an alternative electron acceptor for tissue oxidases. Because of its strong free radicals scavenging effect MB was experimentally used in the treatment of reperfusion syndrome. MB is soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor. It was found to inhibit the stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide and vasodilatators. Another effect of MB is inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis by endothelial cells and isolated arteries independently of its effects on cGMP accumulation. We investigated the MB in series of experimental endocrine situations in which its free radicals scavenging effect could play a role. We observed that MB partly inhibited the increase in adenohypophyseal weight, cAMP and blood prolactin levels in male rats after the administration of estrogens. MB also blocked the increase of another free radicals scavenger-the metalloenzyme ceruloplasmin in the blood of estrogenized rats and prevented the increase of bone mineral after estradiol treatment. MB produced a decrease in adenohypophyseal ascorbic acid content. The blood thyroxine levels increased and the anterior pituitary TSH concentration decreased after MB treatment.

• MeSH
• adenohypofýza účinky léků   MeSH
• AMP cyklický metabolismus   MeSH
• estradiol farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• methylenová modř farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• thyreotropin krev   MeSH
• thyroxin krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• AMP cyklický MeSH
• estradiol MeSH
• methylenová modř MeSH
• thyreotropin MeSH
• thyroxin MeSH