This study presents the results of a seven-month testing of a pilot-scale ozonation system as a quaternary treatment of effluent from the WWTP in Blansko city (Czechia) with a focus on real-time control of ozonation technology based on the measurement of UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm (UV254). The study investigated the effect of ozonation on 38 pharmaceuticals (PHAs) that were commonly found in Blansko WWTP effluent. Moreover, the method of ensuring a stable reduction of selected watchlist of PHAs in fluctuating conditions was investigated by evaluating UV254. During testing, an ozone dose of 0.8 mg O3/mg TOC was sufficient to reach 80 % overall removal of all investigated PHAs on average. It is necessary to mention that this sufficient dose only applies to the investigated set of pharmaceutical substances and might differ significantly for other sets of pharmaceuticals or different locations. The use of UV254 absorbance and its relative decrease during ozonation correlated to a stable and reasonably accurate monitoring of the actual level of PHAs removal of investigated/targeted PHAs. Estimating actual levels of reduction of evaluated substances in routine operation will significantly simplify operation, reduce the costs of analytical analyses and ensure compliance with required limits.
- Klíčová slova
- Advanced oxidation processes, Ozonation, Ozone control strategies, Pharmaceuticals, Wastewater treatment plant effluent,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita chemie MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- léčivé přípravky chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- ozon * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- ozon * MeSH
Two novel and unique adsorptive materials, one (Fluorolock®) from clay mineral sepiolite coated with the cationic polymer polydiallyldimethylammionium chloride (pDADMAC) and the other (Intraplex®) from colloidal activated carbon were specially developed for the in situ remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the saturated zone. We evaluated the potential of both materials to immobilize PFAS in soils under flow conditions via soil column experiments using groundwater, which was contaminated with PFAS in the field. Furthermore, the potential ecotoxicological effects of both materials on aquatic organisms were assessed by exposing the soil column effluent to Daphnia magna. Soils amended with Fluorolock® and Intraplex® led to a significant reduced leaching of PFAS. Intraplex® had higher PFAS immobilization efficiency than Fluorolock® likely due to its higher carbon content (84 % higher than Fluorolock®) and larger specific surface area (93 % higher than Fluorolock®). Fluorolock® and Intraplex® resulted in changes in water parameters, however, the effluent from soil amended with Fluorolock® exhibited mild toxicity, whereas the amended with Intraplex® was not toxic to D. magna. The distinct PFAS immobilization and the respective toxicity outcomes, with Fluorolock® showing mild toxicity and Intraplex® exhibiting no toxicity to D. magna, indicate that Fluorolock® and Intraplex® could be suitable for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with PFAS.
- Klíčová slova
- Aquifer, Daphnia magna, Immobilization, Remediation,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie toxicita analýza MeSH
- Daphnia * účinky léků MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie MeSH
- fluorokarbony chemie toxicita analýza MeSH
- fluorované uhlovodíky chemie MeSH
- jíl * chemie MeSH
- koloidy chemie MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie toxicita analýza MeSH
- podzemní voda * chemie MeSH
- polyethyleny MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí MeSH
- silikáty hliníku chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- fluorokarbony MeSH
- fluorované uhlovodíky MeSH
- jíl * MeSH
- koloidy MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyethyleny MeSH
- silikáty hliníku MeSH
This study evaluates the removal efficiency of 15 estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds in two operational constructed wetlands with different designs: a hybrid system (constructed wetland A) and a horizontal system (constructed wetland B). The assessment involved analyzing composite water samples obtained from passive samplers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with yeast assays. Additionally, grab samples of sludge and sediment were examined to determine the endocrine-disrupting compound's adsorption efficacy. The application of the full logistic model enabled the discernment and ranking of the chemicals contributing to mixture toxicity. The findings revealed constructed wetland A's superior efficacy in the removal of individual endocrine-disrupting compounds (with an average efficiency of 94%) compared to constructed wetland B (60%). Furthermore, constructed wetland A displayed a higher estimated estrogenic activity removal efficiency (83%) relative to constructed wetland B (52%). Estrogenic activity was adequately accounted for (58-120%) in half of the analyzed samples, highlighting estrone as the primary estrogenic agent. The investigation underscores constructed wetlands' effectiveness in purging endocrine-disrupting compounds, suggesting that their integration as secondary or tertiary treatment systems for such pollutants removal merits further exploration.
- Klíčová slova
- constructed wetlands, endocrine-disrupting compounds, estrogenic activity, hybrid-constructed wetlands, tertiary treatment,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- recyklace * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
The highly efficient degradation of persistent organic substances by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), which don't result in the formation of potentially harmful by-products, is crucial for the future of water management. In this study, boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDE) with three morphologies (planar 2D, microstructured 2D, and macroporous 3D) were employed for the anodic oxidation of diclofenac (DCF) in two working electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4). In total, 11 by-products formed during the electrochemical oxidation of DCF were identified via HPLC-HRMS. The identification of degradation products revealed the formation of various active chlorinated species. The utilization of a chlorine-free Na2SO4 electrolyte resulted in the formation of greater number of chlorinated species, while their elimination required a longer period compared to the use of NaCl electrolyte. The formation of by-products was also influenced by the specific type of BDD electrode, which was associated with variations in applied current density. This led to an uneven distribution of dichloro (2D BDDE) and trichloro (3D BDDE) patterns. However, none of the products showed signs of a high level of persistence. The results revealed that the type of electrolyte is the most significant factor affecting the removal efficiency of DCF, while the different electrode morphologies do not lead to differences in the removal rates. The electrode type exerted a notable influence on the removal rates, which was associated with varying applied current densities, exclusively in the case of the Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. Over 99 % removal efficiency for DCF in NaCl, with power consumption of 1.8 kWh m-3 was achieved.
- Klíčová slova
- Boron doped diamond, Persistent pollutants, degradation intermediates, electrochemical oxidation,
- MeSH
- bor * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie analýza MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- diamant * chemie MeSH
- diklofenak * chemie analýza MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky metody MeSH
- elektrody * MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bor * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- diamant * MeSH
- diklofenak * MeSH
Nanoplastics and microplastics are of growing research interest due to their persistence in the environment and potential harm to organisms through physical damage, such as abrasions or blockages, and chemical harm from leached additives and contaminants. Despite extensive research, a clear distinction between the physical and chemical toxicity of plastic particles has been lacking. This study addresses this gap by reviewing studies examining both toxicity types, focusing on environmentally relevant leachates. The chemicals used in plastics manufacturing, which number over 16,000, include additives, processing aids, and monomers, many of which pose potential hazards due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Studies typically use extraction or leaching methods to assess chemical toxicity, with leaching more closely mimicking environmental conditions. Factors influencing leaching include plastic type, particle size, and environmental conditions. A systematic literature search identified 35 relevant studies that assessed the toxicity of plastic particle suspensions and their leachates. Analysis revealed that, in 52 % of the cases, both the suspension and leachate had toxic effects, while in 35 % of the cases, toxicity was attributed to the suspension alone. At 13 %, only the leachate was toxic. This suggests that leachates contribute significantly to overall toxicity. However, the results vary widely depending on the experimental conditions and plastic type, highlighting the complexity of microplastic toxicity. The preparation methods used for leachates significantly influence toxicity results. Factors such as leaching time, particle size, and separation techniques affect the concentration and presence of toxic chemicals. Additionally, washed particles-those subjected to procedures for removing leachable chemicals-often showed reduced toxicity, although the results varied. This underscores the need for standardized methods to compare studies better and understand the relative contributions of physical and chemical toxicity to microplastic pollution.
- Klíčová slova
- Leachates, Microplastic suspension, Microplastic toxicity, Physical and chemical toxicity, Plastic additives,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie toxicita MeSH
- mikroplasty * chemie toxicita MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- mikroplasty * MeSH
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known type of over-the-counter painkillers and is frequently found in surface waterbodies, causing hepatotoxicity and skin irritation. Due to its persistence and chronic effects on the environment, innovative solutions must be provided to decompose APAP, effectively. Innovative catalysts of tungsten-modified iron oxides (TF) were successfully developed via a combustion method and thoroughly characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, a porosimetry analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, VSM magnetometry, and EPR. With the synthesis method, tungsten was successfully incorporated into iron oxides to form ferrites and other magnetic iron oxides with a high porosity of 19.7 % and a large surface area of 29.5 m2/g. Also, their catalytic activities for APAP degradation by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were evaluated under various conditions. Under optimal conditions, TF 2.0 showed the highest APAP degradation of 95 % removal with a catalyst loading of 2.0 g/L, initial APAP concentration of 5 mg/L, PMS of 6.5 mM, and pH 2.15 at room temperature. No inhibition by solution pHs, alkalinity, and humic acid was observed for APAP degradation in this study. The catalysts also showed chemical and mechanical stability, achieving 100 % degradation of 1 mg/L APAP during reusability tests with three consecutive experiments. These results show that TFs can effectively degrade persistent contaminants of emerging concern in water, offering an impactful contribution to wastewater treatment to protect human health and the ecosystem.
- Klíčová slova
- Acetaminophen, Advanced oxidation processes, Micropollutants, Peroxymonosulfate, Tungsten-modified iron oxides,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- paracetamol * chemie MeSH
- peroxidy chemie MeSH
- wolfram * chemie MeSH
- železité sloučeniny * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- paracetamol * MeSH
- peroxidy MeSH
- peroxymonosulfate MeSH Prohlížeč
- wolfram * MeSH
- železité sloučeniny * MeSH
Adsorptive removal of phosphate plays a crucial role in mitigating eutrophication. Herein, the Zr/Fe embedded chitosan/alginate hydrogel bead (Zr/Fe/CS/Alg) is reported as an effective phosphate adsorbent. This polymer nanocomposite is synthesized by the in-situ reduction of the metals on the polymer matrix. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, BET, and XPS. The adsorbent showed a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 221.72 mg/g at pH 3. The experimental data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating a heterogeneous multilayer surface formation and a chemisorption-dominated adsorption process. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations revealed high negative adsorption energy due to the chemisorption of phosphate on the adsorbent. Hence, the major interactions such as electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and inner-sphere complexation of phosphate adsorption and Zr/Fe/CS/Alg hydrogel beads were investigated from the experimental and computational analysis. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous, exothermic, and less random adsorption process. The synthesized adsorbent exhibited excellent selectivity toward phosphate and maintained 73 % efficiency after six adsorption/desorption cycles. The Zr/Fe/CS/Alg hydrogel beads reduced the phosphate concentration in real wastewater samples from 19.02 mg/L to 0.985 mg/L, suggesting that these nanocomposite hydrogel beads could be a promising adsorbent for real-world applications.
- Klíčová slova
- Adsorption, Alginate, Chitosan, Fe-Zr-polymer nanocomposite, Phosphate removal, Wastewater,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- algináty * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chitosan * chemie MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- fosfáty * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- železo * chemie MeSH
- zirkonium * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- algináty * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- chitosan * MeSH
- fosfáty * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- železo * MeSH
- zirkonium * MeSH
Olive oil production is one of the most developed Europe's sectors, producing olive oil and undesirable by-products, such as olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and organic waste. OMWW, containing large amounts of compounds (mainly polyphenols, phenols, and tannins), represents a problem. In fact, polyphenols have dual nature: i) antioxidant beneficial properties, useful in many industrial fields, ii) biorefractory character making them harmful in high concentrations. If not properly treated, polyphenols can harm biodiversity, disrupt ecological balance, and degrade water quality, posing risks to both environment and human health. From a circular economy viewpoint, capturing large quantities of polyphenols to reuse and removing their residuals from water is an open challenge. This study proposes, for the first time, a new path beyond the state-of-the-art, combining adsorption and degradation technologies by novel, eco-friendly and easily recoverable bismuth-based materials to capture large amounts of two model polyphenols (gallic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid), which are difficult to remove by traditional processes, and photodegrade them under solar light. The coupled process gave rise to collect 98% polyphenols, and to rapidly and effectively photodegrade the remaining portion from water.
- Klíčová slova
- Adsorption, Alginate, Bio-inspired materials, Bismuth oxybromide, Photodegradation, Polyphenols removal, gallic acid,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- bismut * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- polyfenoly * chemie analýza MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bismut * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- polyfenoly * MeSH
- voda MeSH
The pollution of wastewater with pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in populated areas poses a growing threat to humans and ecosystems. To address this serious problem, various one-dimensional (1D) hierarchical ZnO-based nanostructures inspired by Anelosimus eximius cobwebs were developed and successfully grown on a glass substrate through simple hydrothermal synthesis. The nanorods (nr) obtained during primary growth were chemically etched with KOH (ZnOnr-KOH), followed by the secondary growth of nano cobweb-like (ncw) structures using polyethyleneimine (ZnOnr/ncw). These structures were further decorated by the photoreduction of Ag nanoparticles (ZnOnr/ncw/Ag). The feasibility of ZnO-based 1D nanostructures to remove pollutants was demonstrated by degrading commonly prescribed pharmaceutical drugs (diclofenac and carbamazepine) in a miniature cuvette reactor. The photocatalytic activities for drug degradation generally decreased in the order ZnOnr/ncw/Ag > ZnOnr/ncw > ZnOnr-KOH. Additionally, the suitability of the samples for scaling up and practical application was demonstrated by photocatalytic degradation of the hormone estriol (E3) in a flow-through photoreactor. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of E3 followed the same trend observed for drug degradation, with the complete elimination of the endocrine disruptor achieved by the best-performing ZnOnr/ncw/Ag within 4 h, due to optimized charge transfer and separation at the heterostructure interface.
- Klíčová slova
- Drugs, Estrogens, Photocatalysis, Silver nanoparticle, Water treatment, ZnO,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie analýza MeSH
- diklofenak chemie MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * chemie MeSH
- karbamazepin chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky chemie analýza MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý * chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- stříbro chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- diklofenak MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * MeSH
- karbamazepin MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
- stříbro MeSH
In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) intercalated CuFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) membranes were fabricated and investigated for UV-LED/persulfate degradation of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), methyl orange (MO), and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes from water. The PVDF-CuFe membrane exhibited improved heterogeneity, surface functionality (CuO, Fe-O, Cu-O-Fe), surface roughness, and hydrophilicity. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, and maximum MB removal (100%) was achieved within 45.22-178.5 min at MB concentration (29.45-101.93 mg/L), PP concentration (0.5-2.41 g/L) and catalyst dosage (1.84-1.95 g/L). The degradation kinetics was well described by a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.982) and fast reaction rate (0.029-0.089/min). The MB dye degradation mechanism is associated with HO·/SO4•- reactive species generated by Fe3+/Fe2+ or Cu2+/Cu+ in PVDF-CuFe membrane and PP dissociation. The PVDF-CuFe membrane demonstrated excellent recyclability performance with a 12% reduction after five consecutive cycles. The catalytic membrane showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (100%), methyl orange (79%), and Eriochrome black T (60%). The results showed that UV-LED/persulfate-assisted PVDF-CuFe membranes can be used as a recyclable catalyst for the effective degradation of dye-contaminated water streams.
- Klíčová slova
- Dye pollution, Nanoparticles, Photocatalytic membranes: response surface methadology, Photodegradation,
- MeSH
- azosloučeniny * chemie MeSH
- barvicí látky * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- fluorokarbonové polymery MeSH
- genciánová violeť chemie MeSH
- hydroxidy * chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- měď chemie MeSH
- methylenová modř * chemie MeSH
- polyvinyly * chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azosloučeniny * MeSH
- barvicí látky * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- Eriochrome Black T MeSH Prohlížeč
- fluorokarbonové polymery MeSH
- genciánová violeť MeSH
- hydroxidy * MeSH
- měď MeSH
- methyl orange MeSH Prohlížeč
- methylenová modř * MeSH
- polyvinylidene fluoride MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyvinyly * MeSH
