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MeSH: epidemický výskyt choroby-dějiny

17 záznamů v PubMed Filtry

Článek

Comparative SIR/SEIR modeling of the Antonine Plague in Rome

Karasaridis, Anestis
Autor Karasaridis, Anestis ORCID Department for the Study of Religions, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Centre for the Digital Research of Religion (CEDRR), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Chalupa, Aleš
Autor Chalupa, Aleš Department for the Study of Religions, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Centre for the Digital Research of Religion (CEDRR), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

PloS one. 2025 ; 20 (2) : e0313684. [epub] 20250213

PLoS One
ISSN 1932-6203
Zdroj

Some scholars consider the Antonine Plague to have been a major disease outbreak in the 2nd century CE that caused a significant decline in the population of the Roman Empire. Although there is currently no molecular evidence of the specific pathogen, literary evidence indicates the parameters of the disease that it caused and how significant the impact on Roman society was. One way to advance the current discussion concerning the Antonine Plague's impact on the Roman Empire's population is to examine the currently available sources and comparatively model the spread of different pathogens in a specific location with known demographic data for the relevant period. To accomplish this, we developed a series of dynamic ordinary differential equation models of the spread of disease in Rome between 165 and 189 CE for several pathogens. We found that daily disease deaths in the final years of the pandemic were inconsistent with estimates reported in primary sources, suggesting that either (a) the impact of the Antonine Plague may have been exaggerated in the descriptions of ancient authors, or (b) the daily deaths in ca. 189 CE were caused by a different disease event than the Antonine Plague, or (c) seasonality might have been a significant factor changing the intensity of disease spread, with the population more severely affected during the winter months. Although none of the pathogens we analyzed emerged as the likely causative agent of the Antonine Plague, the models show that the overall mortality rate would have increased maximally by 7%. This result contradicts the mortality rate accepted by historians who defend the thesis of the significant impact of this epidemic on the demography of the Roman Empire.

MeSH
dějiny 17. století MeSH
dějiny 19. století MeSH
dějiny starověku MeSH
epidemický výskyt choroby dějiny MeSH
lidé MeSH
mor * epidemiologie dějiny mortalita MeSH
římská říše dějiny MeSH
teoretické modely * MeSH
Check Tag
dějiny 17. století MeSH
dějiny 19. století MeSH
dějiny starověku MeSH
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
historické články MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH
Geografické názvy
Řím epidemiologie MeSH

Článek

Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015 Mar 10 ; 112 (10) : 3020-5. [epub] 20150223

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN 1091-6490 | 0027-8424
Zdroj

The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of Yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in European rodents over four centuries. To locate these putative plague reservoirs, we studied the climate fluctuations that preceded regional plague epidemics, based on a dataset of 7,711 georeferenced historical plague outbreaks and 15 annually resolved tree-ring records from Europe and Asia. We provide evidence for repeated climate-driven reintroductions of the bacterium into European harbors from reservoirs in Asia, with a delay of 15 ± 1 y. Our analysis finds no support for the existence of permanent plague reservoirs in medieval Europe.

Klíčová slova
Yersinia pestis, climate-driven disease dynamics, medieval epidemiology,
MeSH
dějiny středověku MeSH
epidemický výskyt choroby dějiny MeSH
lidé MeSH
mor epidemiologie přenos MeSH
podnebí * MeSH
Check Tag
dějiny středověku MeSH
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
historické články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Geografické názvy
Evropa epidemiologie MeSH

Článek

Genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenes "Quargel" listeriosis outbreak strains reveals two different strains with distinct in vitro virulence potential

PloS one. 2014 ; 9 (2) : e89964. [epub] 20140226

PLoS One
ISSN 1932-6203
Zdroj

A large listeriosis outbreak occurred in Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic in 2009 and 2010. The outbreak was traced back to a traditional Austrian curd cheese called "Quargel" which was contaminated with two distinct serovar 1/2a Listeria monocytogenes strains (QOC1 and QOC2). In this study we sequenced and analysed the genomes of both outbreak strains in order to investigate the extent of genetic diversity between the two strains belonging to MLST sequence types 398 (QOC2) and 403 (QOC1). Both genomes are highly similar, but also display distinct properties: The QOC1 genome is approximately 74 kbp larger than the QOC2 genome. In addition, the strains harbour 93 (QOC1) and 45 (QOC2) genes encoding strain-specific proteins. A 21 kbp region showing highest similarity to plasmid pLMIV encoding three putative internalins is integrated in the QOC1 genome. In contrast to QOC1, strain QOC2 harbours a vip homologue, which encodes a LPXTG surface protein involved in cell invasion. In accordance, in vitro virulence assays revealed distinct differences in invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation within different cell types. The higher virulence potential of QOC1 in non-phagocytic cells may be explained by the presence of additional internalins in the pLMIV-like region, whereas the higher invasion capability of QOC2 into phagocytic cells may be due to the presence of a vip homologue. In addition, both strains show differences in stress-related gene content. Strain QOC1 encodes a so-called stress survival islet 1, whereas strain QOC2 harbours a homologue of the uncharacterized LMOf2365_0481 gene. Consistently, QOC1 shows higher resistance to acidic, alkaline and gastric stress. In conclusion, our results show that strain QOC1 and QOC2 are distinct and did not recently evolve from a common ancestor.

MeSH
buněčné linie MeSH
dějiny 21. století MeSH
druhová specificita MeSH
epidemický výskyt choroby dějiny MeSH
fylogeneze MeSH
genetická variace * MeSH
genom bakteriální genetika MeSH
lidé MeSH
Listeria monocytogenes klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
listeriové infekce epidemiologie MeSH
modely genetické MeSH
molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
virulence MeSH
Check Tag
dějiny 21. století MeSH
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
historické články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Geografické názvy
Česká republika MeSH
Německo MeSH
Rakousko MeSH

Článek

Changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe from the mid-20th to the early 21st Century

Expert review of vaccines. 2011 Oct ; 10 (10) : 1477-86.

Expert Rev Vaccines
ISSN 1744-8395 | 1476-0584
Zdroj

The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe since 1945 has shown fluctuations in incidence, serogroup distribution and case-fatality rate. Outbreaks and epidemics driven by the introduction of new virulent strains into Europe have occurred unpredictably. Epidemics associated with serogroups A and B have occurred in all regions of the continent. Additionally, there have been periods of increased outbreak frequency, such as those associated with serogroup C in the 1980s and 1990s, against an endemic disease incidence of around one to two cases per 100,000 population. Serogroup W135 disease was observed in the 1970s and again in 2000, while serogroup Y has recently emerged in Sweden and the Czech Republic. This article describes the changing epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe. An understanding of this is important for informed decision-making about different meningococcal vaccines that may be considered for use in Europe.