Akutní komplikace diabetes mellitus Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Acute metabolic decompensation of diabetes, hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal tract disease are often connected. Hyperglycemic crisis can be induced by an infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative disease, gall bladder disease, pancreas disease, and gastrointestinal tract tumours. It can result from diabetic visceral neuropathy manifested especially by impaired patency of the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolic decompensation of diabetes is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings. Some of them (especially abdominal pain and increased levels of amylases in serum) can evoke diagnostic and therapeutic hesitation. Insufficient nutrition as a result of gastrointestinal tract disease or adverse reaction to drugs used for its treatment can induce both metabolic decompensation and hypoglycemia.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- diabetes mellitus patofyziologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A review of medical fitness to hold a drivers license in diabetes mellitus patients occurs when applying for the license and then at least every three years in non professional drivers and 1 year in professional ones. Severe hypoglycemic events are an important criterion with the view of eligibility loss to drive a vehicle, among the others the vision impairment, diabetic peripheral neuropathy or extremity amputation should be evaluated. Also the ability of patient to follow recommendations particularly regarding glucose self-monitoring may influence the final decision.
- Klíčová slova
- diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, legislation,
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- diabetické neuropatie * MeSH
- hypoglykemika MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * MeSH
- licence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- řízení motorových vozidel * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hypoglykemika MeSH
The role of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the etiopathogenesis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is controversial. The aim was to assess the role of DM in our SICH patients. In a hospital-based cross-section study, the occurrence of DM prior to a hemorrhagic stroke was observed in 80 SICH patients (44 males, aged 36-87 years, mean 67.1 +/- 11.9 years; 36 females, aged 56-86 years, mean 71.1 +/- 8.3 years), and in a control group (CG) of 80 age- and sex-matched patients with low back pain. All patients were treated at the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Two-sample t test and Pearson's homogeneity chi(2) test were applied when assessing statistical significance. DM was found in 37.5% of SICH patients versus 22.5% of CG subjects (P < 0.05). DM occurs significantly more frequently in SICH patients in the Olomouc region of the Czech Republic when compared to the general population.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda klasifikace komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- komplikace diabetu epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antihypertenziva MeSH
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is the second leading cause of deaths in developed countries. The mortality rate from CVA in the Czech Republic in people under 65 years is twice higher compared to countries in Western and Northern Europe. Every year it affects about 500/100,000 citizens with mortality within one year approximately in 45%. Incidence of this serious disease is three times more frequent in diabetics than in non-diabetics. After ictus, the prognosis is worse and repeated cerebral strokes more frequent. From the risk factors, diabetics usually suffer from hypertension which is part of a complex of metabolic syndrome X. There are more frequent carotid stenoses and impaired tiny arteries in diabetics compared to non-diabetic population. Recently, it has been pointed at an importance of early detection of hyperglycaemia in ischemic brain accidents, because hyperglycaemia seriously affects ischemic brain tissue. Apart from other things, it leads to impairment of motor functions. A specialist providing care to diabetics must consider and start treatment of all the risk factors. Under ideal conditions, every diabetic should be excellently compensated and have normal blood pressure values, low concentrations of LDL cholesterol, and should be treated with ACE inhibitor at the same time as with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda etiologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- diabetické angiopatie komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
All diabetic patients with acute pancreatitis should be intensively treated and monitored in spite of the fact that 75-80% have mild-to-moderate disease. This is due to difficult diagnosis and problems with standard monitoring due to diabetes and its complications. Especially intensive rehydration and subsequent fluid mobilisation can be difficult. Also glucose control and impaired gut motility can cause difficulties in diabetic patients with acute pancreatitis. Nutrition support should be implemented according to severity of disease and insulin infused to control glycaemia.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatitida komplikace diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The author emphasizes the fact that diabetics are also in the Czech Republic a group with a high risk of infection with viral hepatitis type B (VHB), i. e. in diabetics a higher prevalence of acute VHB is found, a higher prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs, and in diabetics chronic sequelae acute hepatitis are more frequent. The author recommends active immunization against VHB and to focus attention on the group most at risk, i. e. to examine in the Czech Republic all diabetics treated with insulin for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs and to immunize subsequently against VHB negative subjects from this group.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- hepatitida B komplikace MeSH
- komplikace diabetu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge worldwide. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to summarize the available evidence in order to update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy. We conducted a systematic review and, where appropriate, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) carried out in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (six studies) or dysmetabolism (one study) to answer the following questions: What is the evidence that T2D is preventable by lifestyle changes? What is the optimal diet (with a particular focus on diet quality) for prevention, and does the prevention of T2D result in a lower risk of late complications of T2D? The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to assess the certainty of the trial evidence. Altogether seven RCTs (N = 4090) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnosis of incident diabetes was based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The overall risk reduction of T2D by the lifestyle interventions was 0.53 (95% CI 0.41; 0.67). Most of the trials aimed to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and apply a diet relatively low in saturated fat and high in fiber. The PREDIMED trial that did not meet eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis was used in the final assessment of diet quality. We conclude that T2D is preventable by changing lifestyle and the risk reduction is sustained for many years after the active intervention (high certainty of evidence). Healthy dietary changes based on the current recommendations and the Mediterranean dietary pattern can be recommended for the long-term prevention of diabetes. There is limited or insufficient data to show that prevention of T2D by lifestyle changes results in a lower risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications.
- Klíčová slova
- complications, diet, lifestyles, prevention, type 2 diabetes,
- MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- glukózový toleranční test MeSH
- komplikace diabetu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zdravé chování * MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Diabetes mellitus has become the main metabolic disorder. Correct treatment of a diabetic patient during the perioperative period is essential, in order to improve the treatment outcomes. A diabetic patient must be throroughly assessed prior to his procedure and must be postoperatively observed for any signs of cardiovascular complications and wound healing disorders. The author present diagnostic criteria, recommendations for perioperative management, as well as therapeutic measures in hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients in critical conditions following serious surgical procedures or trauma.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus krev terapie MeSH
- hyperglykemie MeSH
- komplikace diabetu diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhlé příhody MeSH
- perioperační péče * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Adequate, gradual, regular and locomotive diversified physical activities and training is at present a substantial part of treatment virtually in all patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). In postgraduate conceived lecture authors explained meaning and indications of physical activities in primary and secondary prevention of metabolic syndrome and its complications. The lecture is focused also on relative contraindications of physical activities and sports in patients with T1DM and T2DM.
- MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- diabetes mellitus terapie MeSH
- diabetické angiopatie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
