The present state of proteomics research is generally outlined and the character of allergenic compounds briefly elucidated. The principles of experimental approaches to isolation, purification, identification and characterization of allergens and to monitoring of their biological activity are described, with emphasis on the most modern methods. Selected examples are given for illustration and important results are summarized in tables.

• MeSH
• alergeny metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• proteom * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• proteom * MeSH

Allergic diseases in animals are increasingly gaining importance in veterinary practice and as research models. For intradermal testing and allergen immunotherapy, a good knowledge of relevant allergens for the individual species is of great importance. Currently, the knowledge about relevant veterinary allergens is based on sensitization rates identified by intradermal testing or serum testing for allergen-specific IgE; crude extracts are the basis for most evaluations. Only a few studies provide evidence about the molecular structure of (particularly) dust mite, insect and mould allergens in dogs and horses, respectively. In those species, some major allergens differ from those in humans. This position paper summarizes the current knowledge about relevant allergens in dogs, cats and horses.

• Klíčová slova
• atopy, cat, dog, dust mites, horse,
• MeSH
• alergeny imunologie   MeSH
• alergie veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• koně MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci zvířat imunologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• veterinární lékařství * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH

The present state of the use of separation techniques in the identification and characterization of allergens and in the monitoring of the quality of allergenic preparations is critically surveyed. After a brief summary of the range of problems encountered in obtaining and in the application of allergenic preparations and of the principal physico-chemical properties of allergens, chromatographic and electromigration methods of separation of components of these systems and their combinations with immunochemical procedures are discussed, with selected examples of application to real materials. Emphasis is placed on evaluation of the most important analytical parameters, such as reliability of the results, separation efficiency and resolution, and on the most recent results in the field.

• MeSH
• alergeny chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• elektroforéza metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Atopy patch tests (APT) represent a relatively new diagnostic method for identifying the role of airborne allergens in atopic dermatitis flares. This study evaluates the role of airborne allergens in atopic dermatitis flares in a group of adult patients with atopic dermatitis. The primary goal was to detect the frequency of sensitization to these allergens in a group of patients with atopic dermatitis by APT. The secondary goal was to compare the results of APT with specific IgE against the same airborne allergens with regard to sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: Between November 2004 and October 2011, a cohort of 125 patients (37 males and 88 females) with atopic dermatitis was investigated using APT at the 1st Department of Dermatovenereology of the St. Anne Faculty in Brno, Czech Republic. RESULTS: In 36 (28.8%) patients, the APT were positive, and in 89 (71.2%) negative. The most common allergens were house dust mite allergens (12.8%), followed by grass and plant pollen (10.4%) and dog allergens (8%). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that APT is a helpful tool for identifying airborne allergens as triggering factors of atopic dermatitis.

• MeSH
• alergeny * MeSH
• atopická dermatitida diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náplasťové testy metody   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny * MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH

Allergens from the pollen of Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata. Arrhenatherum elatius, Secale cereale, Lolium perrene and Festuca sp. were analysed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). SEC was used for the determination of the molecular masses of main allergens. A CE method, using either 150 mmol/l phosphoric acid (pH 1.8) or a micellar system consisting of 50 mmol/l sodium dodecyl sulphate-20 mmol/l borate (pH 9.35), was developed as a rapid and efficient alternative to SEC, especially for process control of allergenic preparations. The results obtained by the two methods confirmed similarities in the structures of the studied pollen allergens.

• MeSH
• alergeny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• pufry MeSH
• pyl chemie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• pufry MeSH

BACKGROUND: Precautionary labeling is used to warn consumers of the presence of unintended allergens, but the lack of agreed allergen thresholds can result in confusion and risk taking by patients with food allergy. The lack of data on threshold doses below which subjects are unlikely to react is preventing the development of evidence-based allergen management strategies that are understood by clinician and patient alike. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define threshold dose distributions for 5 major allergenic foods in the European population. METHODS: Patients with food allergy were drawn from the EuroPrevall birth cohort, community surveys, and outpatient clinic studies and invited to undergo a food challenge. Low-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges were undertaken with commercially available food ingredients (peanut, hazelnut, celery, fish, and shrimp) blinded into common matrices. Dose distributions were modeled by using interval-censoring survival analysis with 3 parametric approaches. RESULTS: Of the 5 foods used for challenge, 4 produced similar dose distributions, with estimated doses eliciting reactions in 10% of the allergic population (ED10), ranging from 1.6 to 10.1 mg of protein for hazelnut, peanut, and celery with overlapping 95% CIs. ED10 values for fish were somewhat higher (27.3 mg of protein), although the CIs were wide and overlapping between fish and plant foods. Shrimp provided radically different dose distributions, with an ED10 value of 2.5 g of protein. CONCLUSION: This evidence base will contribute to the development of reference doses and action levels for allergens in foods below which only the most sensitive subjects might react.

• Klíčová slova
• EuroPrevall, Food, allergy, celeriac, fish, hazelnut, peanut, shrimp, threshold,
• MeSH
• alergeny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin E imunologie   MeSH
• imunologická tolerance MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• potravinová alergie diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• potraviny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• určení symptomu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• imunoglobulin E MeSH

The aim of the study was to establish a model of the environmental fate of German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in feces under controlled and field conditions. Temporal decline (3, 6, and 9 mo) of allergens Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in the feces protected from cleaning was measured under laboratory and experimental household conditions. The influence of environmental temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C) and moisture (53, 75, 85, and 100% RH) on allergen degradation was estimated for 3, 6, and 9 mo. Bla g 1 was more stable than Bla g 2 and the proteins. The proteins and Bla g 2 contents were correlated negatively with the decomposition time; Bla g 1 was not. However, when the content of Bla g 1 in control and exposed tubes was compared, the decrease after exposure was significant at exposure in 35 degrees C, 53 and 100% RH. In laboratory, the shortest half-life (16-38 d) of Bla g 2 was at high temperature and humidity (100% RH at 35 degrees C), whereas the longest half-life (340 d) was at 25 degrees C and 85% RH. In the apartment, the half-life was 406 d. The results indicate that Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 allergens can persist in feces for several months under usual household humidity and temperature.

• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• antigeny rostlinné chemie   MeSH
• aspartátové endopeptidasy chemie   MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• švábi chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• teplota * MeSH
• vlhkost * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• allergen Bla g 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• allergen Bla g 2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• antigeny rostlinné MeSH
• aspartátové endopeptidasy MeSH

Tyrophagus putrescentiae is an astigmatid mite of great economic, medical and veterinary importance. The microbiome, especially intracellular bacteria, may affect allergy/allergen expression. We targeted Wolbachia proteins, allergen comparisons and markers in Wolbachia-mite interactions in three mite populations. A decoy database was constructed by proteogenomics using the T. putrescentiae draft genome, Wolbachia transcriptome assembly and current T. putrescentiae-related sequences in GenBank. Among thousands of mite-derived proteins, 18 Wolbachia proteins were reliably identified. We suggest that peroxiredoxin, bacterioferritin, ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein and DegQ family serine endoprotease indicate a higher-level bacterium-bacterium-host interaction. We produced evidence that the host-Wolbachia interaction is modulated through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), mannose-binding lectins/mannose receptors, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with TNF-α, and others. We observed Tyr p 3 suppression in mites with Wolbachia, linking trypsin to PRR modulation. Nine out of the 12 current WHO/IUIS official allergens were reliably identified, but the remaining three allergens, Tyr p 1, 8 and 35, were detected as only trace hits. This study provides numerous markers for further Wolbachia-host interaction research. For accuracy, mite allergens should be considered according to abundance in species, but mite populations/strains, as well as their microbiome structure, may be key factors. SIGNIFICANCE: The astigmatid mites occurring in homes are significant producers of allergens that are highly dangerous to humans and domesticated animals. Mites are tightly associated with microorganisms that affect their biology and consequently allergy signatures. Mite populations were found to be infected with certain intracellular bacteria, but some populations lacked an intracellular bacterium. Our previous research showed that some populations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae are infected with Wolbachia, but some populations host additional bacteria of interest. Thus, there are not only interactions between the mites and Wolbachia but also likely an additional level of interaction that can be found in the interaction between different bacteria in the mites. These "higher-level" signatures and consequences that bacteria affect, including allergen production, are not understood in mites. In this study, we identified Wolbachia-specific proteins in mites for the first time. This study provides Wolbachia- and mite-derived markers that can be clues for describing "higher-level" mite-bacterium-bacterium interactions. Indeed, the microbiome contribution to allergies can potentially be derived directly from bacterial proteins, especially if they are abundant.

• Klíčová slova
• Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein, Bacterioferritin, C-type lectin lectoxin-Lio1, Cholinesterase, DegQ family serine endoprotease, OmpA family protein, Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Peroxiredoxin, Tyr p 3,
• MeSH
• alergeny * MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• roztoči * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Wolbachia * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny * MeSH
• proteom MeSH

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) contains many substances, which could help in diagnosis of occupational asthma. The aim of the study is to monitor leukotrienes (LT) and 8-isoprostane from EBC in bronchoprovocation tests with allergens in 47 patients with suspected occupational asthma. Forty-one patients were tested negative. In negative bronchoprovocation tests, no significant differences (P<0.05) were seen between the five measurements during and after the test. In control measurements (without provocation), significant differences were found among four measurements done within 24h for 8-isoprostane (P=0.0138). The relationship between the log transformed ratios of the EBC parameters and FEV(1) was never significant at the 5% level in control measurements, while in negative tests, statistical significance was recorded for LTB(4) (P=0.0299) before and 5h after the test. Six of 47 patients were tested positive. Such a small number of patients did not allow proper statistical analysis and therefore, the results are described separately for each patient.

• MeSH
• alergeny imunologie   MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dinoprost analogy a deriváty   analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí imunologie   MeSH
• leukotrieny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vydechnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha MeSH Prohlížeč
• alergeny MeSH
• dinoprost MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí MeSH
• leukotrieny MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• DERMATOMYCOSIS *, ECZEMA *, STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS *, STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS *,
• MeSH
• alergeny * MeSH
• dermatomykózy * MeSH
• ekzém * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce * MeSH
• streptokokové infekce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny * MeSH