We present a series of 14 cases of cutaneous hidradenocarcinomas. The patients included 6 women and 8 men ranging in age at diagnosis from 34 to 93 years. All but 1 patient presented with a solitary nodule. There was no predilection site. One patient presented with multiple lesions representing metastatic nodules. Of 12 patients with available follow-up, 2 died of disease, whereas the remaining 10 patients were alive but 3 of them experienced a local recurrence in the course of the disease. Grossly, the tumors ranged in size from 1.2 to 6 cm. Microscopically, of the 14 primary tumors, 9 showed low-grade cytomorphology, whereas the remaining 5 neoplasms were high-grade lesions. The residuum of a hidradenoma was present in 5 of the 14 primaries. The mitotic rate was highly variable, ranging from 2 to 64 mitoses per 10 high-power field. The cellular composition of the tumors varied slightly, with clear cells, epidermoid cells, and transitional forms being present in each case. In 1 case, there was metaplastic transformation into sarcomatoid carcinoma. Glandular differentiation varied from case to case and appeared most commonly as simple round glands or as cells with intracytoplasmic lumens. Necrosis en masse was detected in 8 specimens. One specimen represented a reexcision and was unusual as it showed a well-demarcated intradermal proliferation of relatively bland clear cells accompanied by an overlying intraepidermal growth of clear cells resembling hidradenoacanthoma simplex. Despite the bland appearance, the tumor metastasized to a lymph node. Immunohistochemically, 5 of the 8 specimens studied for Her2/neu expression were negative, whereas 3 specimens from 2 cases yielded score +2, but all the 3 specimens with score 2+ subsequently proved negative for Her2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of 10 primaries studied, 4 tumors showed positive p53 immunoreaction in more than 25% of the cells comprising the malignant portion of the lesions, in 2 cases, a minority of the neoplastic cells (10%-20%) demonstrated nuclear staining, whereas the remaining 4 cases were negative. Of 9 specimens of hidradenocarcinoma studied for TP53 mutations, 2 harbored mutations, whereas the remaining 7 specimens showed the wild-type sequence. Of 11 specimens studied for translocation t(11;19), 2 cases harbored the translocation. It is concluded that cutaneous hidradenocarcinomas show some microscopic heterogeneity and comprise both low- and high-grade lesions that cytologically are similar to their benign counterpart, the hidradenoma. Within the spectrum of low-grade lesions, there seem to exist tumors almost indistinguishable from hidradenomas but still being capable of regional or distant metastasis. Similar to hidradenomas, hidradenocarcinomas show a t(11;19) translocation, but it is a significantly rarer event. Even rarer is the amplification of the Her2/neu gene. Of note is the relatively low frequency of TP53 mutations despite a high rate of p53 protein expression at the immunohistochemical level.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• amplifikace genu * MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 11 * MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 19 * MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 analýza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory potních žláz chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 analýza   genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• translokace genetická * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ERBB2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH
• TP53 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

The aim of the study was to compare the prognostic significance of lymph node status of patients with lung cancer analyzed by three different methods: hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry of cytokeratin 19 (IHC CK19), and One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA). The clinical relevance of the results was evaluated based on relation to prognosis; the disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. During radical surgical treatment, a total of 1426 lymph nodes were obtained from 100 patients, creating 472 groups of nodes (4-5 groups per patient) and examined by H&E, IHC CK19 and OSNA. The median follow-up was 44 months. Concordant results on the lymph node status of the H&E, IHC CK19 and OSNA examinations were reported in 78% of patients. We recorded shorter OS in patients with positive results provided by both OSNA and H&E. The study demonstrated a higher percentage of detected micrometastases in lymph nodes by the OSNA method. However, the higher sensitivity of the OSNA, with the cut-off value 250 copies of mRNA of CK19/µL, resulted in a lower association of OSNA positivity with progress of the disease compared to H&E. Increasing the cut-off to 615 copies resulted in an increase in concordance between the OSNA and H&E, which means that the higher cut-off is more relevant in the case of lung tumors.

• Klíčová slova
• E, H&amp, IHC CK19, OSNA, lung cancer, lymph nodes,
• MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   MeSH
• keratin-19 genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy * MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny patologie   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory plic diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• keratin-19 MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is highly malignant salivary gland tumour with aggressive clinical behaviour, characterised by its histological resemblance to invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Amplification of gene HER-2/neu and overexpression of its gene product have been shown to have both prognostic and treatment implications in breast cancer. The reports concerning the expression of c-erbB2/HER-2/neu in salivary gland tumours are few and controversial. Thus, eleven cases of SDC were evaluated for HER-2/neu status using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular genetic analysis of SDCs using FISH. HER-2/neu overexpression, identified as strong membrane staining, was observed in all but one case of SDC in majority of neoplastic cells while only four tumours, of nine cases analysed, revealed HER-2/neu gene amplification by means of FISH analysis. SDCs were associated with poor clinical outcome, 6 patients (55%) died of disseminated carcinoma within 4 to 44 months after therapy. There was no difference in outcome of patients with IHC positive-nonamplified and IHC positive-amplified tumours.

• MeSH
• amplifikace genu * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• geny erbB-2 genetika   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• karcinom chemie   genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory příušní žlázy chemie   genetika   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 analýza   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vývody slinných žláz * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH

Overexpression of HER-2/neu was described in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas in a variable proportion of cases. The effects of HER-2/neu overexpression on mitogenic signalling and cell cycle progression were studied in breast luminal epithelial cells and mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) was found to be necessary for G1 phase progression. Overexpression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) was described as an early event in the development of PanIN by Biankin et al. (2001) and this finding was supported by our previous study that, moreover, did not confirm the possible role of activating K-ras mutations in the induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) overexpression. Relationship between p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and HER-2/neu status in PanIN lesions and ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas was investigated in our study. Expression levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and HER-2/neu were examined imunohistochemically and the amplification of HER-2/neu gene was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in HER-2/neu overexpressing adenocarcinomas. Fourty nine pancreatic resection specimens from patients with invasive adenocarcinoma were included into the study. A large spectrum of PanIN lesions adjacent to the structures of infiltrating adenocarcinoma was also examined. The possible role of HER-2/neu in an induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) overexpression was not confirmed and p21(WAF1/CIP1) overexpression seems to be HER-2/neu independent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma according to our results. Increasing levels of HER-2/neu expression were demonstrated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and in 18.75% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The only 2 from 9 HER-2/neu overexpressing adenocarcinomas showed the amplification of HER-2/neu gene. Based on these results, the overexpression of HER-2/neu in pancreatic adenocarcinoma seems to be a result of increased transcription rather than gene amplification. Therefore HER-2/neu represents a good target for therapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma only in isolated cases.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• buněčný cyklus MeSH
• cykliny biosyntéza   MeSH
• duktální karcinom slinivky břišní metabolismus   MeSH
• G1 fáze MeSH
• genetická transkripce MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• karcinom in situ metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní metabolismus   MeSH
• pankreas metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 biosyntéza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CDKN1A protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• cykliny MeSH
• inhibitor p21 cyklin-dependentní kinasy MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH

In our routine and consultative pathology practices, we have repeatedly encountered an unusual subcutaneous fatty tumor with notable anisocytosis, single-cell fat necrosis, and patchy, often mild, adipocytic nuclear atypia. Because of the focal atypia, consultative cases have most often been received with concern for a diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumor. Similar tumors have been described in small series under the designations "subcutaneous minimally atypical lipomatous tumors" and "anisometric cell lipoma." Sixty-six cases of this tumor type were collected and reviewed. Immunohistochemistry for p53, MDM2, CDK4, Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) protein, CD34, S100, and CD163 was performed. Cases were tested for MDM2 gene amplification and RB1 gene deletion with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and for TP53 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Next-generation sequencing analysis using a panel of 271 cancer-related genes, including TP53, RB1, and MDM2, was also carried out. Our patient cohort included 57 male patients, 8 female patients, and 1 patient of unstated sex, who ranged in age from 22 to 87 years (mean: 51.2 y). All tumors were subcutaneous, with most examples occurring on the upper back, shoulders, or posterior neck (86.4%). Ten patients had multiple (2 to 5) lipomatous tumors, and the histology was confirmed to be similar in the different sites in 4 of them, including 1 patient who had a retinoblastoma diagnosed at age 1. The tumors were generally well circumscribed. At low magnification, there was notable adipocytic size variation with single-cell fat necrosis in the background associated with reactive histiocytes. Adipocytic nuclear atypia was typically patchy and characterized by chromatin coarsening, nuclear enlargement, and focal binucleation or multinucleation. Focal Lochkern change was frequent. In most instances, the degree of atypia was judged to be mild, but in 3 instances, it was more pronounced. Spindle cells were sparse or absent, and when present, cytologically bland. Thick ropy collagen bundles were absent. In all cases, p53 immunoexpression was noted (range: 2% to 20% of adipocytic nuclei), characteristically highlighting the most atypical cells. Twenty of 50 cases had MDM2 immunoreactivity, usually in <1% of the neoplastic cells, but in 4 cases, up to 10% of the cells were positive. Of 32 cases tested, 22 showed a near total loss of RB1 immunoexpression, and the remainder showed partial loss. Three of 13 cases showed RB1 gene deletion in >45% of the cells by FISH (our threshold value for reporting a positive result) with an additional 3 cases being very close to the required cutoff value. MDM2 gene amplification was absent in all 60 cases tested, including those with the greatest MDM2 immunoexpression and most pronounced atypia. All 5 tested cases showed no TP53 mutation with Sanger sequencing. Because of material quality issues, next-generation sequencing analysis could be performed in only 3 cases, and this did not reveal any recurrent mutations. All tumors were managed by simple local excision. Follow-up was available for 47 patients (range: 1 to 192 mo; mean: 27 mo) and revealed 2 local recurrences and no metastases. Dysplastic lipoma is a distinctive atypical fatty tumor variant that has p53 overexpression and RB1 gene abnormalities and lacks MDM2 gene amplification by FISH. These tumors have a strong male predominance and a notable tendency to involve the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulders, upper back and posterior neck. Multifocality is frequent (18.9% of patients with follow-up information), and there is a rare association with retinoblastoma. This tumor warrants separation from ordinary lipoma with fat necrosis, fat-rich spindle cell lipoma and the conventional form of atypical lipomatous tumor that features MDM2 gene amplification.

• MeSH
• amplifikace genu * MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční * MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liposarkom * chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mnohočetné primární nádory * chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * analýza   genetika   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 * analýza   genetika   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-mdm2 genetika   MeSH
• retinoblastom * chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková nekróza MeSH
• tukové buňky * chemie   patologie   MeSH
• ubikvitinligasy genetika   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• vazebné proteiny retinoblastomu genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• MDM2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nádorové biomarkery * MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 * MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-mdm2 MeSH
• RB1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• TP53 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• ubikvitinligasy MeSH
• vazebné proteiny retinoblastomu MeSH

Significant advances in chromosome preparation and other techniques have greatly increased the potential of plant cytogenetics in recent years. Increase in longitudinal resolution using DNA extended fibers as well as new developments in imaging and signal amplification technologies have enhanced the ability of FISH to detect small gene targets. The combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization with immunocytochemistry allows the investigation of cell events, chromosomal rearrangements and chromatin features typical for plant nuclei. Chromosome manipulation techniques using microdissection and flow sorting have accelerated the analysis of complex plant genomes. Together, the different cytogenetic approaches are invaluable for the unravelling of detailed structures of plant chromosomes, which are of utmost importance for the study of genome properties, DNA replication and gene regulation. In this technical review, different cytogenetic approaches are discussed for the analysis of plant chromosomes, with a focus on mitotic chromosomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibodies, Cell synchronization, Chromosome spreads, Cytogenetics, FISH, Immunostaining, Laser microdissection,
• MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• cytogenetické vyšetření metody   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční metody   MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   MeSH
• mitóza MeSH
• restrukturace chromatinu MeSH
• rostliny genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of our study was to assess the ERBB2 and TOP2A gene status in breast carcinoma tissue using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to compare their amplification with immunohistochemistry assay (IHC) of the ERBB2, resp. topoisomerase IIalpha proteins. TOP2A status is important in tailored treatment as topoisomerase IIalpha is the molecular target for topoisomerase IIalpha inhibitors. This study was conducted to determine whether the methods are equivalent in their assessment of TOP2A status and to correlate the genetic findings with basic tumor and disease characteristics. Locus specific ERBB2, TOP2A genes and chromosome 17 centromeres (CEP17) probes were hybridized to 72 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from patients with non-metastatic breast carcinoma (M0). The ERBB2, TOP2A and CEP17 signals were counted and gene numbers per nucleus or per CEP17 were calculated, respectively. Sections were also stained with commercial polyclonal antibody (HercepTestTM), anti-topoisomerase IIalpha monoclonal antibody (clone SWT3D1) and scored for the presence of membrane/nuclear staining. ERBB2 amplification was found in 20.3%, ERBB2 and TOP2A co-amplification was detected in 14.5% of cases. Deletion of the ERBB2/TOP2A gene was found in 1.4/2.8% of sections, respectively. Concordance of FISH and IHC techniques in the evaluation of ERBB2 and TOP2A status was found in 88.4% and 66.7%, respectively. The low concordance of FISH versus IHC in the evaluation of TOP2A status was mainly due to the presence of TOP2A amplified tumors in IHC negative or weakly positive specimens. Topoisomerase IIalpha expression was increased in bigger tumors, although direct correlation with tumor grading was not found. ERBB2 amplification was found in more aggressive breast cancers with grades 2 and 3, respectively. Interestingly, chromosome 17 polysomy was more frequently observed among older women (>55 years), suffering usually from less aggressive disease. Our results confirm the high concordance of the ERBB2 and TOP2A gene co-amplification in breast carcinoma. Differences between FISH and IHC in the case of ERBB2 gene status were found only in IHC 2+ sections as reported in the literature. However, our study points to the importance of FISH examination of TOP2A gene status in all tumors with ERBB2 amplification.

• MeSH
• amplifikace genu MeSH
• antigeny nádorové genetika   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny genetika   MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• geny erbB-2 * MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční * MeSH
• imunohistochemie * MeSH
• karcinom genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   MeSH
• proteiny vázající poly-ADP-ribosu MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny nádorové MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II MeSH
• proteiny vázající poly-ADP-ribosu MeSH
• TOP2A protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

The presence and frequency of lipoblasts (LPB) in spindle cell lipomas (SCL) and pleomorphic lipomas (PL) has never been studied in detail on a histologically, immunohistochemically and molecular genetically validated set of tumors. The authors investigated this feature by reviewing 91 cases of SCL and 38 PL. When more than 3 unequivocal LPB were found, the case was regarded as positive for the presence of LPB. All positive cases were then stained with CD34 and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein antibodies and tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization for MDM2 and CDK4 amplifications and the FUS gene rearrangements. The patients with SCL and PL containing LPB were 14 women and 47 men, the rest were of unknown gender. The cases usually presented as superficial, well-circumscribed soft tissue masses and most commonly occurred in the upper back and neck. CD34 was expressed in all cases, while Rb protein was consistently absent in all. Molecular genetic results, when available, were in concordance with the morphological diagnosis of SCL/PL. LPB were found in 37 (41%) cases of SCL and 25 cases of PL (66%). While in many cases they are inconspicuous, in some others they constitute a very prominent component of the tumor. It is important to be aware of this fact in order to avoid misinterpretation as liposarcoma.

• Klíčová slova
• Lipoblasts, Liposarcoma, Pleomorphic lipoma, Soft tissues, Spindle cell,
• MeSH
• amplifikace genu MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genová přestavba MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipom chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• liposarkom chemie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   genetika   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň chemie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a subtype of ovarian carcinoma characterized by unique biological features and highly malignant characteristics including low chemosensitivity. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed. These could include the downstream pathways of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Our main objective was to characterize the HER2 status using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH on 118 OCCCs, also considering the novel paradigm of HER2-zero and HER2-low status. Other aims included determination of the association between HER2 status and survival, HER2 gene DNA and RNA NGS analysis, HER2 gene expression analysis, and correlation between IHC and gene expression in HER2-zero and HER2-low cases. Cases with HER2 overexpression/amplification accounted for 5.1% (6/118), with additional 3% harbouring HER2 gene mutation. The remaining 112 (94.9%) cases were HER2-negative. Of these, 75% were classified as HER2-zero and 25% as HER2-low. This percentage of HER2 aberrations is significant concerning their possible therapeutic influence. Cases from the HER2-zero group showed significantly better survival. Although this relationship lost statistical significance in multivariate analysis, the results have potential therapeutic significance. HER2 gene expression analysis showed a significant correlation with HER2 IHC status in the entire cohort (HER2-positive vs. HER2-negative), while in the cohort of only HER2-negative cases, the results did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that gene expression analysis would not be suitable to confirm the subdivision into HER2-low and HER2-zero. Our results also emphasize the need for standardized HER2 testing in OCCC to determine the best predictor of clinical response.

• Klíčová slova
• Gynecopathology, HER2, Immunohistochemistry, Ovarian cancer, Ovarian clear cell carcinoma,
• MeSH
• amplifikace genu MeSH
• epiteliální ovariální karcinom genetika   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu * genetika   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * patologie   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH

Overexpression of the ERBB-2 protein has become a target of the anti-neoplastic treatment in patients with invasive duct carcinomas of the breast with a monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech). From this reason the immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of ERBB-2 protein expression is crucial. However, there are patients in whom the IHC investigation is biased by a subjective evaluation among cases considered negative (in the range of 1+) and positive (2+), and among cases considered positive 2+ and 3+. In such cases it is advisable to complement the IHC investigation by detection of copy numbers of the ERBB2 gene with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The overexpression of the protein is caused by the gene amplification in a majority of cases. The patients, whose carcinomas show overexpression of the ERBB-2 protein and the overexpression is caused by a significant gene amplification, profit from the Herceptin therapy. In this review we focus also on the methodology of FISH in paraffin sections and tissue imprints with respect to the detection of copy numbers of chromosome 17 and the ERBB2 gene.

• MeSH
• amplifikace genu MeSH
• duktální karcinom prsu chemie   farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• geny erbB-2 genetika   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nádory prsu chemie   farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• protinádorové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 analýza   MeSH
• trastuzumab MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH
• trastuzumab MeSH