The paper presents the results from a primary standardization of (137)Cs using two independent methods - efficiency tracing using PC-NaI coincidence and the TDCR method. The nuclides (60)Co and (134)Cs were used as the tracers. Primary standardization of the (134)Cs is also discussed. The efficiency extrapolation was carried out by measuring samples of varying mass and using the wet extrapolation method. The results obtained are in good agreement; the differences did not exceed 0.5%. The advantages, pitfalls and also possibilities for improvement of the procedures are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Coincidence method, Cs-134 standardization, Cs-137 standardization, Efficiency tracing method, TDCR method,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Current (137)Cs activity concentrations were studied at three localities in individual soil horizons of Stagnosol, Arenic Podzol and Haplic Cambisol soil units in soil blocks with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 40 cm situated below pine canopies (n = 3) and spruce canopies (n = 3), and below small canopy gaps, at least 15 × 15 m in area (n = 3 + 3), which have probably endured since 1986. The main zone of (137)Cs accumulation in all the localities was found to be in the organic horizons (H and F). No significant transport and accumulation of (137)Cs into illuvial soil horizons (Bm, Bs or Bhs, Bv and Bv/IIC) was found. The estimated current total (137)Cs activity concentrations in the soil blocks 40 cm in depth were only slightly higher below the coniferous canopy than they were below nearby canopy gaps. The inventory of (137)Cs in the soils was found to be in accordance with the estimated (137)Cs inputs from the Chernobyl fallout and from global fallout. The low amounts of (137)Cs found accumulated in the aboveground biomass (mosses, grasses, needles) did not substantially bias the studied radiocaesium balance in the soils. The vertical migration rate of (137)Cs in soils (cm/year) had a tendency to be higher below canopies than below canopy gaps and below pine canopies than below spruce canopies. We expected the current (137)Cs activity concentrations in the individual soil horizons to be related to the studied soil parameters: pH (H2O), pH (CaCl2), content of organic matter and mineral portion and portion of humic and fulvic acid contents (Q4/6). However, this was not confirmed. Similarly, we observed a weak tendency toward higher (137)Cs activity in soils below the canopy than in soils below canopy gaps. The available gaps used in our study may have been too small, and they may have been affected by an accumulation of litter and humus containing (137)Cs from the surrounding plots situated below neighbouring canopies.

• Klíčová slova
• (137)Cs activity concentrations, (137)Cs inventory, (137)Cs vertical migration rate, Soil horizons, Soil properties,
• MeSH
• borovice MeSH
• černobylská havárie MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• monitorování radiace MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• radioizotopy cesia analýza   MeSH
• smrk MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• radioizotopy cesia MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PHARMACOPEIA *,
• MeSH
• farmakopea jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly being used for circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock, although the evidence supporting its use in this context remains insufficient. The ECMO-CS trial (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Therapy of Cardiogenic Shock) aimed to compare immediate implementation of VA-ECMO versus an initially conservative therapy (allowing downstream use of VA-ECMO) in patients with rapidly deteriorating or severe cardiogenic shock. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, investigator-initiated, academic clinical trial included patients with either rapidly deteriorating or severe cardiogenic shock. Patients were randomly assigned to immediate VA-ECMO or no immediate VA-ECMO. Other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were performed as per current standards of care. In the early conservative group, VA-ECMO could be used downstream in case of worsening hemodynamic status. The primary end point was the composite of death from any cause, resuscitated circulatory arrest, and implementation of another mechanical circulatory support device at 30 days. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients were randomized; after excluding 5 patients because of the absence of informed consent, 117 subjects were included in the analysis, of whom 58 were randomized to immediate VA-ECMO and 59 to no immediate VA-ECMO. The composite primary end point occurred in 37 (63.8%) and 42 (71.2%) patients in the immediate VA-ECMO and the no early VA-ECMO groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.46-1.12]; P=0.21). VA-ECMO was used in 23 (39%) of no early VA-ECMO patients. The 30-day incidence of resuscitated cardiac arrest (10.3.% versus 13.6%; risk difference, -3.2 [95% CI, -15.0 to 8.5]), all-cause mortality (50.0% versus 47.5%; risk difference, 2.5 [95% CI, -15.6 to 20.7]), serious adverse events (60.3% versus 61.0%; risk difference, -0.7 [95% CI, -18.4 to 17.0]), sepsis, pneumonia, stroke, leg ischemia, and bleeding was not statistically different between the immediate VA-ECMO and the no immediate VA-ECMO groups. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implementation of VA-ECMO in patients with rapidly deteriorating or severe cardiogenic shock did not improve clinical outcomes compared with an early conservative strategy that permitted downstream use of VA-ECMO in case of worsening hemodynamic status. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT02301819.

• Klíčová slova
• clinical trial, shock, cardiogenic, therapy,
• MeSH
• hemodynamika MeSH
• kardiogenní šok diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody   MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční zástava * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• granulocyty * MeSH
• leukaferéza * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• DENTISTRY *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stomatologie * MeSH
• zubní lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

During thrombocytophereses on a blood cell FENWAL CS 3000 separator in one group of donors the anticoagulant solution ACD-A recommended by the manufacturer was used, in the other group of donors ACD-A with heparin was used. The authors give an account of the changes in some parameters of haemostasis in these donors on the separator incl. examination of fibrinopeptide A which is the most sensitive indicator of clotting activity during separation. Heparin administration prevented a rise of fibrinopeptide A and did not lead to a reduced platelet yield.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia farmakologie   MeSH
• dárci krve * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hemostáza * účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• trombocytaferéza * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikoagulancia MeSH

Haemonetics V 50 (HV-50), Fenwal CS 3000 (FCS-3000) and IBM 2997 separators are compared according to the results of donor plateletaphereses. The mean platelet yield of HV-50, FCS-3000 and IBM-2997 was 464 X 10(9), 551 X 10(9) and 468 X 10(9) respectively (the difference both between FCS-3000 and HV-50 and between FCS-3000 and IBM-2997 being significant - p less than 0.01). The median leukocyte contamination of platelet concentrates was 0.3 X 10(9), 0.2 X 10(9) and 5.3 X 10(9) respectively (the difference between FCS-3000 and HV-50 being not significant). The separators are further compared on the basis of platelet concentrate volume, erythrocyte contamination of thromboconcentrates, processing time, donor and staff convenience, our experience concerning product reliability and service quality, and finally the price of both the separators and the disposables.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• separace krevních složek přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• trombocytaferéza přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PHARMACOPEIA *,
• MeSH
• farmakopea jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

During intensive treatment of haemoblastoses it is important to administer repeatedly high-quality platelet concentrates. The authors describe the first results obtained with the use of an isoradial chamber of Travenol Co. for separation on a CS-3000 separator. Using the chamber, they achieved in the first 20 patients a reduction of the separation time by 30 mins. (23%) and the thrombocyte yield was not reduced. The resulting product contained, however, more leucocytes. The chamber can be used to reduce the separation period also under Czechoslovak conditions where donors have smaller numbers of thrombocytes than reported by western authors (the microcomputer of the separator is set for a regime suited for larger thrombocyte numbers).

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• separace krevních složek přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• trombocytaferéza přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH