Myringoplasty is considered the simplest reconstructive procedure of the middle ear. There are many variations and types of myringoplasties. In the past, these variations were categorized according to the types of tissue and the way the tissue was fixated in the middle ear. Currently, the types of myringoplasties are differentiated only by the fixation of the transplant, because a majority of ear surgeons use only fascia, perichondrium, or cartilage. The percentage of successful healings after myringoplasties does not depend on the tissue used. More important is the condition of the middle ear at the time of the operation and the experience and skill of the surgeon. Regardless which type of tissue is used, 90% to 95% of good anatomical healing can be achieved. The author of this article performed more than 7,000 cartilage myringoplasties and presents his experience and alternatives of cartilage use in the eardrum reconstructions. He introduces three types of cartilage grafts: 1) island cartilage graft, 2) ring cartilage graft, and 3) double island cartilage graft.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myringoplastika metody   MeSH
• ušní chrupavka transplantace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARTILAGE/transplantation *,
• MeSH
• chrupavka transplantace   MeSH
• růstová ploténka * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARTILAGE/transplantation *, OSTEOMYELITIS/surgery *,
• MeSH
• chrupavka transplantace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteomyelitida chirurgie   MeSH
• žeberní chrupavka * MeSH
• žebra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARTILAGE *, FACIAL INJURIES *, SURGERY, PLASTIC *, TRANSPLANTATION *,
• MeSH
• chrupavka * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plastická chirurgie * MeSH
• plastické hmoty * MeSH
• poranění obličeje * MeSH
• stomatochirurgie * MeSH
• transplantace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• plastické hmoty * MeSH

Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular examination of bioptic samples of 30 normal adult auricular cartilages and small samples from 6 ear cartilages from aborted foetuses was performed. The adult cartilage was the tissue with minimal proliferative activity, which we were able to confirm with antibodies against Ki67 in contrast to a high proliferative activity in the auricular cartilage of foetal tissues. It may therefore be presumed that the process of foetal tissue maturation is undoubtedly associated with a significant reduction in proliferative activity. The mature lamella of the adult auricular cartilage has a histological tri-lamellar structure. There are a great number of elastic fibres in the intercellular matrix of the central zone, which are conversely present in only small amounts in both peripheral layers. While the external layer of the concave surface of the cartilage contains a fewer number of oval elements, the external layer of the convex side is composed of numerous fusiform chondrocytes. Antibodies against various subtypes of S-100 protein showed that auricular chondrocyte activity is modified depending on the configuration of individual distinct zones (isoforms A1, A6, B2 and P were positive in all layers, isoforms A2 and A2 in peripheral zones). The most active cells metabolically are most likely chondrocytes in both external layers adjacent to the perichondrium. We have also demonstrated α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive chondrocytes in both peripheral layers of the auricular cartilage adjacent to the perichondrium. In addition, we found definite differences in the distribution of actin-positive cells depending on the external shape of the pinna. The majority of these fusiform cells were localised primarily in the areas of great curvature of the pinna, especially the convex side, as mentioned above. On the basis of these unique structural features we assume that the ear cartilage may embody an example of the socalled intelligent biological material, which has its internal structure made in such a way as to more easily develop and yet still maintain all the shape characteristics of the human auricle. The knowledge of these specific structural characteristics is important especially for use of auricular cartilage in auricular reconstruction.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plod cytologie   MeSH
• posmrtné změny MeSH
• proteiny S100 metabolismus   MeSH
• ušní chrupavka cytologie   embryologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny S100 MeSH

The objective of this study was to determine whether human auricular chondrocytes can also express alpha-- -smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies for alpha-smooth actin, muscle-specific actin, beta-actin, S-100 protein, CD34, and desmin was performed on samples of human ear cartilage obtained from 20 individuals during a partial resection of the ear for different reasons. Moreover, the RT-PCR analysis of actin isoforms in auricular chondrocytes was performed. Approximately 60 % of the chondrocytes of the ear cartilage expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in all the examined samples. Actin-positive chondrocytes occurred in both external subperichondrial layers of the auricular cartilage. This finding was confirmed by the RT-PCR technique. The knowledge of this fact could help us to better understand the chondrocyte changes occurring during the healing and transplantation of auricular cartilage. The question of whether it is necessary to refer to these predominating cells in ear cartilage as myochondrocytes is considered. This is the first report of an unusual immunophenotype and contractile potential for human auricular chondrocytes.

• MeSH
• aktiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• chondrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• hladké svalstvo metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• protein - isoformy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ušní chrupavka cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aktiny MeSH
• protein - isoformy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARTILAGE/transplantation *, TRANSPLANTATION/experimental *,
• MeSH
• chrupavka transplantace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transplantace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Chondrosarcoma of the thyroid cartilage is a sporadic disease with nonspecific clinical presentation. Smooth swelling of the supraglottic area should arouse suspicion of possible pathology. In addition to laryngoceles, which usually do not have a significant impact, otolaryngologists should consider chondrosarcoma of the thyroid cartilage and indicate computed tomography (CT). Late diagnosis leads to worse prognosis, particularly worse voice after more extensive surgery, need for tracheostomy, and worse survival from higher degree chondrosarcomas.

• MeSH
• chondrosarkom * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• laryngektomie metody   MeSH
• laryngocele * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu * patologie   MeSH
• tyreoidální chrupavka chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARTILAGE *, SURGERY, PLASTIC *,
• MeSH
• chrupavka * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plastická chirurgie * MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Larynx is a part of the respiratory system and is supposed to be a complex apparatus responsible for the phonation-creation of voice. However, the extensive anatomical knowledge about the larynx does not correspond to an obscure speculation about creation of voice. Therefore the function of the larynx can be compared with the function of electro-acoustic transducers and on this basis certain roles can be ascribed hypothetically to the functional details of phonation system. The thyroidal cartilage seems to be ideal for such a comparison. Diffusion of acoustic signal by densing and diluting of an elastic milieu is due to the initial stimulus mediated by a solid and elastic sound. In case of vocal system, the initial stimuli occur stimultaneously at two sounds that behave as membranes of coaxial mechanic-acoustic resonators in the function of a radiator. Vocal cords represent a membrane of more subtile system, and the thyroid cartilage is a membrane of more robust system. The mechanism of oscillation is the subject of the present communication. It was concluded that the thyroid cartilage is not only a passive shield protecting the fine glottic structures, but on the contrary an active element of this mechanic-acoustic radiator. The recorded movements of the thyroid cartilage enabled to subtract the presence of neuroreflexive activity accompanying the vocal cycle. The anatomical structures in the vicinity of the thyroid cartilage indicate possible modifications of its motion so that the laryngeal articulation can be supposed.

• MeSH
• hlas fyziologie   MeSH
• laryngeální chrupavky fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tyreoidální chrupavka fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH