Tablets are the most frequently employed dosage form. Their advantage lies in their availability, easy administration, good stability, and low price. The easiest technology to produce tablets is direct compression, even though the use of the method requires overcoming many obstacles, mainly related to content uniformity and variation of mass, disintegration, dissolution, and radial hardness of tablets. “Co-processed excipients”, containing commonly processed blends of fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and other excipients are more and more widely used nowadays. These mixtures are manufactured by various technologies, chiefly by spray-drying, fluid bed granulation, wet granulation, melt granulation, dry granulation, and co-crystallisation. This review article lists excipients used usually to constitute co-processed excipients, technologies, and commercially available co-processed excipients for direct compression.

• Klíčová slova
• co-processed excipients, direct compression, blends, tablets, physical characteristics,
• MeSH
• farmaceutická technologie MeSH
• pomocné látky * MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• tablety * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• pomocné látky * MeSH
• tablety * MeSH

Co-processed dry binders for ODTs are important multifunctional excipients for tablet manufacturing by direct compression. Testing their binary mixtures with lubricants is an important aspect of their use in combination with drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological and compression properties of lubricated mixtures of co-processed dry binders Parteck® ODT, Prosolv® ODT G2 and Ludiflash®, and subsequently also the compactability and disintegration time of the tablets made thereof. The lubricants employed were magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate in the concentrations of 0.5% and 1%. The best flowability was shown by Prosolv® ODT G2 combined with magnesium stearate in the concentration of 0.5%. Lubricated mixtures with Prosolv® ODT G2 showed a lower angle of internal friction as well as lower pre-compression energy values. The values of plastic deformation energy were the highest in the case of Prosolv® ODT G2, which was also reflected in the highest tablet strength. On the contrary, the ejection force values were the lowest for this co-processed dry binder. Magnesium stearate reduced the ejection force more effectively than sodium stearyl fumarate. Prosolv® ODT G2 tablets exhibited the highest tensile strength and shortest disintegration time.

• Klíčová slova
• Co-processed dry binders, Compactability, Disintegration time, Energy profile of compression, Flow properties, Orally disintegrating tablets,
• MeSH
• lubrikanty * MeSH
• pevnost v tahu MeSH
• pomocné látky * MeSH
• tablety MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lubrikanty * MeSH
• pomocné látky * MeSH
• tablety MeSH

An important feature of orodispersible tablets (ODTs) is the convenient administration of the drugs, in some cases, faster onset of action, stability maintenance, and dose precision. This work focused on the preparation of ODTs containing mannitol-based co-processed excipients Prosolv® ODT G2, Ludiflash® and Parteck® ODT in combination with tramadol, captopril, and domperidone by direct compression. Prosolv® ODT G2 showed high energy of plastic deformation due to the content of microcrystalline cellulose. Parteck® ODT provided compact tablets due to the content of granulated mannitol. All drugs decreased tensile strength, increased friability, prolonged disintegration time, and decreased the porosity of tablets. Tablets containing Prosolv® ODT G2 with captopril, domperidone, and tramadol; and Parteck® ODT with domperidone met the requirements for ODTs production, i.e., friability ≤ 1% and disintegration time ≤ 180 s, fast wetting time, high water absorption ratio, and adequate tensile strength. The disintegration time was tested using both the pharmacopeial method and the BJKSN-13 apparatus. The results indicate the significant difference between these methods, with the disintegration time being longer when tested with the BJKSN-13 instrument.

• Klíčová slova
• Co-processed excipients, Compactability, Disintegration time, Energy profile of compression, Orodispersible tablets, Tomography,
• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• domperidon MeSH
• kaptopril MeSH
• mannitol chemie   MeSH
• pomocné látky * chemie   MeSH
• příprava léků metody   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• tablety chemie   MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• domperidon MeSH
• kaptopril MeSH
• mannitol MeSH
• pomocné látky * MeSH
• tablety MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH

The utilization of co-processed excipients (CPEs) represents a novel approach to the preparation of orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression. Flow, consolidation, and compression properties of four lactose-based CPEs-Cellactose® 80, CombiLac®, MicroceLac® 100, and StarLac®-were investigated using different methods, including granulometry, powder rheometry, and tablet compaction under three pressures. Due to the similar composition and the same preparation technique (spray drying), the properties of CPEs and their compacts were generally comparable. The most pronounced differences were observed in flowability, undissolved fraction after 3 min and 24 h, energy of plastic deformation (E2), ejection force, consolidation behavior, and compact friability. Cellactose® 80 exhibited the most pronounced consolidation behavior, the lowest values of ejection force, and high friability of compacts. CombiLac® showed excellent flow properties but insufficient friability, except for compacts prepared at the highest compression pressure (182 MPa). MicroceLac® 100 displayed the poorest flow properties, lower ejection forces, and the best mechanical resistance of compacts. StarLac® showed excellent flow properties, the lowest amounts of undissolved fraction, the highest ejection force values, and the worst compact mechanical resistance. The obtained results revealed that higher compression pressures need to be used or further excipients have to be added to all tested materials in order to improve the friability and tensile strength of formed tablets, except for MicroceLac® 100.

• Klíčová slova
• Cellactose® 80, CombiLac®, MicroceLac® 100, StarLac®, co-processed excipients, spray drying,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH