The spatial distributions of bacteria in the soil matrix have a role in ecosystem function, for example, at the small scale, through gene transfer or xenobiotic degradation. Soil bacterial biogeography has been evidenced at the large scale, but data are scarce at the small scale. The objective of this work was to determine the spatial pattern of bacterial diversity, in spatially referenced microsamples, in order to define bacterial community spatial traits. Two soils with different physical structures, moderately aggregated (La Côte St André (LCSA)) or poorly aggregated (La Dombes (LD)), were studied. The spatial distribution of bacteria was studied in microsamples (diameter 3 mm) along 10- and 20-cm transects, with a taxonomic microarray. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to further study the spatial characteristics of the microbial communities in LD soil. The frequency-occupancy plot, in the LCSA and LD soils, using microarray and sequencing data, followed Hanski's core-satellite theory. The frequency-occupancy distribution plots obtained in two different soils showed bimodality and indicated that the microscale spatial distributions were different, particularly core taxa percentage. Core taxa are widespread and abundant, while satellite taxa are restricted in their distribution. The spread of satellite taxa was at a distance range larger than 5 cm, whereas the core taxa were distributed in a distance range less than 3 mm. Besides, there was a positive abundancy-occupancy relationship at this fine scale. It may be interesting to further evaluate the role of the different bacterial spatial distributions at the fine scale on soil function.

• Klíčová slova
• Abundancy-occupancy relationship, Bacteria community structure, Frequency-occupancy relationship, Microscale in soil, Soil microbial diversity, Soil structure,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Francie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• půda MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

The relation between the occurrence of white finger and vibration exposure was investigated in a group of 222 forestry workers using chain saws. The forestry workers and 195 controls never exposed to hand-transmitted vibration were interviewed by occupational health physicians. The diagnosis of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) was made on the basis of subjective symptoms of finger blanching and the results of a cold test with plethysmographic measurement of finger systolic blood pressure. Vibration was measured on a representative sample of AV and non-AV chain saws. Daily vibration exposure was assessed in terms of 8 h energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration [A(8)]. A lifetime vibration dose was estimated for each of the forestry workers. The overall prevalence of VWF among the forestry workers was 23.4%. Raynaud's phenomenon was discovered in 2.6% of the controls. In the forestry workers, the risk of VWF showed positive increments with each increment of vibration dose, suggesting a monotonic dose-response relationship. The responsiveness to cold in the digital arteries of the forestry workers was also found to increase with increasing vibration dose. The estimated relation between VWF and vibration exposure showed that the expected occurrence of VWF increased in approximately linear proportion to either A(8) (with exposure duration unchanged) or the number of years of exposure (with equivalent acceleration unchanged). In this study of VWF among forestry workers the estimated exposure-response relation showed that if the magnitude of vibration acceleration is doubled, the total duration of exposure should be halved to produce an equivalent effect. On the basis of the assessment of vibration exposure, the estimated risk for VWF in the study population was found to be lower than that predicted by the International Standard ISO 5349. The results of this study tend to support the vibration exposure levels currently under discussion within the European Union.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemie diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• pracovní expozice * MeSH
• prsty ruky krevní zásobení   MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• vibrace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PREGNANCY/complications *, TOXOPLASMOSIS/in pregnancy *,
• MeSH
• antisérum * MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * MeSH
• kožní testy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• toxoplazmóza * MeSH
• zaměstnání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antisérum * MeSH
• toxoplasmin MeSH Prohlížeč

The authors performed neurological, visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroneurography (ENG) examinations on three groups of workers with occupational exposure to mercury vapors (Hg(0)), and on a control group. The exposure of dental professionals (n = 36) was mild, that of chloralkali plant workers (n = 36) was intermediate, and that of workers from mercury works (n = 77) was very high. Symptoms and signs of micromercurialism were observed only in the group with the highest exposure to Hg(0). In comparison with the control group, a shortening of VEP latency and a decrease in amplitude were found in the exposed groups. The VEP changes correlated with Hg(0) excreted in urine after administration of a chelating agent - sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propan sulfonate (DMPS). The frequency of abnormal VEP results increased with increasing levels of exposure. ENG changes were observed only in the group with the highest exposure to Hg(0). An isolated decrease of sural nerve conduction velocity was observed in 18% of total workers. In 70% of the cases, this was associated with an abnormality in VEP. The combination of a decrease in sural nerve conduction velocity and an abnormality of VEP seems to be a characteristic pattern of electrophysiological changes in persons exposed to mercury vapors.

• MeSH
• chelátory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrofyziologie MeSH
• hutnictví MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické vyšetření MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rtuť škodlivé účinky   moč   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• unithiol MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zrakové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• zubní asistenti MeSH
• zubní lékaři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chelátory MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• unithiol MeSH

As occupational physicians in the building industry, we observed among these workers a high frequency of vibration exposure, during different tasks. We intended to study vibration exposure effects on vibration perception thresholds measured by digital tactilometry in this population of construction workers. A cross-sectional field study was made, 405 subjects were examined; each of them answered a questionnaire, underwent a medical examination and performed a test measuring his vibration perception thresholds, 150 subjects constituted the reference group. A close relationship between age and thresholds among the non-exposed group was observed. A threshold normalization of age of study the 204 exposed subjects was applied. Two exposure indices allowing time dependency vibration exposure analysis were defined the present daily exposure and cumulated exposure. In the examined population, thresholds rise with the present daily exposure in hours per day for 125 Hertz, while no significant influence of cumulated exposure is apparent. It was also pointed out that subjects exposed more than one and a half hour per day have higher thresholds than reference subjects, even if they do not have any clinical neurological complaints. This results seems to indicate the infraclinical feature of the test. These results suggest that screening of hand-arm vibration exposed population should be developed using this method. As occupational physicians in the construction industry, practising in Paris and surrounding areas, the authors studied the relationship between neurological disorders measured by vibrotactile perception thresholds, and hand-arm vibration exposure, among workers. They present the results of a field study they led within their institute, in collaboration with the tested workers' firms, and with the financial participation of the French Ministry of Labour.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diferenční práh MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmat * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění z opakovaného přetěžování epidemiologie   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• prsty ruky fyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vibrace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: Ethical leadership was characterized by integrity, honesty and trustworthiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how ethical leadership relates to employees' work stress, specifically the mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX), which referred to the dyadic exchange relationships between supervisors and subordinates within the workplace. METHODS: Cross-sectional data for ethical leadership, LMX, perception of work stress, and control variables were collected through the questionnaire that included 47 multiple-choice questions and 3 open-ended questions. Double-blind design was adopted in this study. Hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: 203 first-line technical support employees from a communications enterprise participated in this study (return ratio 98.5%). Of the respondents, 58.6% were male, average age was 35.24 years, average years in the company and in current position were 13.67 years and 11.12 years, respectively. Results revealed that the subjective evaluation of supervisors' ethical leadership was negatively related to employees' perception of work stress (β=-0.24, p<0.001), and this relationship was completely mediated by LMX. CONCLUSIONS: Through establishing high-quality LMX, ethical leadership played an important role in relieving employees' perception of work stress.

• Klíčová slova
• ethical leadership, leader-member exchange, work stress,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• etika * MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pracovní uspokojení MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vůdcovství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Common species have a greater effect on observed geographical patterns of species richness than do rare ones. Here we present a theory of the relationship between individual species occurrence patterns and patterns in species richness, which allows purely geometrical and statistical causes to be distinguished from biological ones. Relationships between species occupancy and the correlation of species occurrence with overall species richness are driven by the frequency distribution of species richness among sites. Moreover, generally positive relationships are promoted by the fact that species occupancy distributions are mostly right skewed. However, biological processes can lead to deviations from the predicted pattern by changing the nestedness of a species' spatial distribution with regard to the distributions of other species in an assemblage. We have applied our theory to data for European birds at several spatial scales and have identified the species with significantly stronger or weaker correspondence with the overall richness pattern than that predicted by the null model. In sum, whereas the general macroecological pattern of a stronger influence of common species than of rare species on species richness is predicted by mathematical considerations, the theory can reveal biologically important deviations at the level of individual species.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• ptáci klasifikace   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of burnout syndrome and mobbing, to determine their mutual relationship, and to identify predictors related to the probability of occurrence of burnout syndrome in general nurses working in hospitals. METHODS: The work is designed as a cross-sectional study. The research took place in 2018 and the sample included 250 general nurses. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression. Three standardized questionnaires were used - Maslach Burnout Inventory, Negative Questionnaire Act and SUPSO. RESULTS: The research revealed burnout syndrome in the area of emotional exhaustion in 28.8% of nurses, of depersonalization in 15.2%, and in the area of personal accomplishment in 38.4%. 51.2% of nurses never experienced mobbing at workplace, one act of mobbing over the last six months was reported by 17.6% of respondents, two and more acts by 31.2%. Logistic regression revealed that the probability of occurrence of burnout syndrome in the area of emotional exhaustion is influenced by age, sex and by the size of an urban area, it is increased by anxiety and depression. In the area of depersonalization the probability of incidence increases with impulsiveness and dejection. In the area of personal accomplishment the probability of burnout syndrome incidence is increased by the lack of psychological wellbeing and activeness, by restlessness and impulsiveness. Though there were found significant relationships between all component parts of burnout syndrome and mobbing, multivariate logistic regression did not show the impact of any component part of mobbing on the probability of occurrence of burnout syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The research revealed that the probability of burnout syndrome incidence is related to socio-demographic factors as well as to an individual's psychological states and perceptions. Direct impact of mobbing on the probability of burnout syndrome incidence was inconclusive.

• Klíčová slova
• burnout, general nurse, mobbing, occupational health, personality traits,
• MeSH
• duševní vyhoření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• profesionální vyhoření * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Psychosocial factors at work have been found to predict a range of health outcomes but their effect on mental health outcomes has not been extensively studied. This paper explores the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and depression in three countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The data come from a cross-sectional study of working men (n = 645) and women (n = 523) aged 45-64 years, randomly selected from population registers in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and Karvina-Havirov (Czech Republic). The questionnaire included questions on the effort and reward at work, job control, the full CES-D scale of depression, and a range of other characteristics. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between depression score and work characteristics: the logarithm of the effort-reward ratio, and continuous job control score. The means of the depression score were 10.5 for men and 14.2 for women. After controlling for age, sex and country, effort-reward ratio (logarithmically transformed) was strongly related to depression score; a 1 SD increase in the log transformed effort-reward ratio was associated with an increase in the depression of 2.0 points (95% CI 1.5; 2.4), and further adjustment did not materially change the effect. Job control was inversely associated with depression score in Poland and the Czech Republic (not in Russia) but the association was largely eliminated by controlling for socioeconomic characteristics. This study suggests that the effort-reward imbalance at work is related to prevalence of depression in these central and eastern European populations.

• MeSH
• delegování pravomocí MeSH
• deprese epidemiologie   MeSH
• hygiena práce * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• odměna MeSH
• pracoviště psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zaměstnanost psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Rusko epidemiologie   MeSH

One thousand six hundred people belonging to three different occupational groups were randomly selected. Blood, urine and stool specimens were collected from them and processed for the detection of any parasitic infections. The results show 28.5% infection rate with one or more species of intestinal parasites; 50.7% in the school children, 17.3% among the farmers, and 12% among the soldiers. Results of blood examination showed 5.3%, 8.0% and 2.0% infection rates for P. falciparum in the school pupils, farmers and soldiers respectively, while 31.3% of the three groups were infected with the microfilaria of Dipetalonema perstans, and Loa loa. These were found in 60.7% of the farmers and none at all in the other two groups. Urine examination yielded no positive cases of urinary schistosomiasis and only one case of Trichomonas vaginalis. These results reflect the endemicity of the respective parasites, the degree of their sanitary awareness and their exposure frequencies to the pathogens as a result of their daily activities.

• MeSH
• helmintóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malárie epidemiologie   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• nemoci z povolání epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protozoální infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nigérie epidemiologie   MeSH