The potential of nanotechnology has been explored throughout fields of medicine and found its application also in immunology. Given the crucial defence role and disseminated character of the immune system, the idea of using its strength in treatment has always been very attractive. Immunomodulation is an optimisation of the immune response both in terms of immunosuppression in autoimmune disorders and immunostimulation in vaccination or cancer immunotherapy. For these purposes, a wide range of nanomaterials has been investigated to influence the immune system directly by their composition itself or indirectly as intact carriers of the active. This review attempts to refer to nanomaterials and drug delivery systems utilised to modulate the immune response. It lists various structural types of nanoparticles discussing their composition and interplay with the immune system. Throughout the literature, both novel and traditional nanoparticles were utilised. The most progressive ones extend beyond the delivery of a single substance moving towards combined drug delivery systems and stimuli-responsive formulations.

• Klíčová slova
• Direct immunomodulation, Immune system, Indirect immunomodulation nanoformulations, Nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• imunitní systém účinky léků   MeSH
• imunomodulace účinky léků   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nanostruktury chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• imunologická tolerance * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potransfuzní reakce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• komentáře MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

This study aims to design an optimal polyelectrolyte multilayer film of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine release system in order to decrease the implant failure due to any immune reactions. The chemical modification of the HA with aldehyde moieties allows self-cross-linking of the film and an improvement in the mechanical properties of the film. The cross-linking of the film and the release of immunomodulatory cytokine (IL-4) stimulate the differentiation of primary human monocytes seeded on the films into pro-healing macrophages phenotype. This induces the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1-RA and CCL18) and the decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted (IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β). Moreover, we demonstrate that cross-linking PLL/HA film using HA-aldehyde is already effective by itself to limit inflammatory processes. Finally, this functionalized self-cross-linked PLL/HA-aldehyde films constitutes an innovative and efficient candidate for immunomodulation of any kind of implants of various architecture and properties.

• MeSH
• buněčná adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• cytokiny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• imunomodulace účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• monocyty cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• polyelektrolyty chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• reagencia zkříženě vázaná chemie   MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• polyelektrolyty MeSH
• reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH

COVID-19 pandemic is affecting various areas of health care, including reproductive medicine. Many women with infertility are treated by immunomodulation and immunosuppression in periimplantation period due to underlying autoimmune diseases or cellular immune dysfunction. Many questions have been raised in relation to COVID-19, including susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in women with immunotherapy, how to manage women with an increased risk of and active COVID-19 infection. International team of reproductive immunologists led by professor Joanne Kwak-Kim prepared a review of information and recommendations for using immunotherapy in women with reproductive disorder in COVID-19 pandemic. Everyday practice need led us to presentation of the synopsis of these interim guidelines for particular treatment modalities.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy, immunother­apy, pregnancy, reproductive failure,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• imunomodulace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• ženská infertilita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Aim: To evaluate the effect of pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) administration on the immune profile of patients with endocrine-dependent breast cancer (clinical stages I-II) in clinical and imaging remission. Methodology: Antitumor cellular immunity (CD19+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells) of 195 patients (49 in the pleuran group and 146 in the control group) was measured by flow cytometry. Results: We observed a significant increase in the absolute number of CD3+, CD19+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pleuran group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest potential benefit of continuous pleuran administration on immune rehabilitation of cellular antitumor immunity and better prognosis in breast cancer patients in remission.

Lay abstract We aimed to evaluate the effect of pleuran (β-glucan from oyster mushroom) on the selected immune parameters of patients with breast cancer in remission. We studied antitumor cellular immune parameters of 195 patients (49 in the pleuran group and 146 in the control group) by means of flow cytometry. After 12 months, we measured a significant increase of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the pleuran group compared with a significant decrease in the control group. Our results suggest potential benefit of long-term administration of pleuran on antitumor cellular immunity and better prognosis in breast cancer patients in remission.

• Klíčová slova
• CD8+ T lymphocytes, breast cancer, cellular immunity, immune rehabilitation, immunomodulation, pleuran, β-glucan,
• MeSH
• beta-glukany imunologie   MeSH
• imunomodulace imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu imunologie   MeSH
• Pleurotus imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-glukany MeSH

As an Extracellular Matrix (ECM) component, Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a multi-faceted role in cell migration, proliferation and differentiation at micro level and system level events such as tissue water homeostasis. Among its biological functions, it is known to interact with cytokines and contribute to their retention in ECM microenvironment. In addition to its biological functions, it has advantageous physical properties which result in the industrial endeavors in the synthesis and extraction of HA for variety of applications ranging from medical to cosmetic. Recently, HA and its derivatives have been the focus of active research for applications in biomedical device coatings, drug delivery systems and in the form of scaffolds or cell-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering. A specific reason for the increase in use of HA based structures is their immunomodulatory and regeneration inducing capacities. In this context, this article reviews recent literature on modulation of the implantable biomaterial microenvironment by systems based on HA and its derivatives, particularly hydrogels and microscale coatings that are able to deliver cytokines in order to reduce the adverse immune reactions and promote tissue healing.

• Klíčová slova
• biomedical, coatings, delivery systems, hyaluronic acid, immunomodulation, tissue engineering,
• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hojení ran účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrogely aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• imunomodulace účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regenerativní lékařství metody   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• hydrogely MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease mediated by both adaptive and innate immunity. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is well-established; however, in JIA they are still markedly understudied. Here, we explored the neutrophil features and role of platelet-neutrophil aggregates in JIA patients and assessed the effect of TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy. We provide evidence of dysbalanced neutrophil subsets in JIA patients, with a shift towards immature and suppressive subpopulations that lack the cell-adhesion molecules. Correspondingly, patient sera contained high amounts of neutrophil- and platelet-related products. Transcriptomic analysis revealed neutrophil degranulation as the most affected process by TNFi therapy, which was mirrored by the decrease in degranulation products in the patient sera. Toll-like receptors -4, -7, and - 8 signaling pathways are particularly hyperresponsive in patients, but are strongly suppressed by TNFi. Overall, our study demonstrates augmented neutrophil and platelet responses in JIA patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, MMP8, Neutrophil, Neutrophil-platelet aggregates, Platelet, S100, TNF inhibitors,
• MeSH
• aktivace neutrofilů MeSH
• imunomodulace MeSH
• juvenilní artritida * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutrofily MeSH
• trombocyty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The study estimates some biochemical changes of chosen immunological and biochemical parameters after intraperitoneal application of a) immunomodulators of microbial origin--Propionibacterium acnes and Geotrichum candidum, b) chemical substances--indomethacin and phenobarbital. The estimation was concentrated above all to the changes of chemiluminiscence, phagocytic activities, the amount of cAMP in peritoneal macrophages, the amount of liver cytochrome P-450 and cAMP in the liver, spleen and thymus. The experiments also included histological examination of the spleen, thymus, lungs and diaphragm. The effect of Propionibacterium acnes was evident as soon as 24 hrs after application. In the frame of studied parameters, there was manifested the nonspecific activation of the immune system by the mechanisms independent to oxygen. The early changes were accompanied by the increase of cAMP in macrophages. In contrary, the intraperitoneal application of Geotrichum candidum activated the release of oxygen radicals from peritoneal macrophages. The amount of the cytochrome P-450 correlated to the intensity of immunomodulation. On the other hand, the induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital decreased the value of several immunity indices.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky léků   MeSH
• fenobarbital imunologie   MeSH
• Geotrichum imunologie   MeSH
• indomethacin imunologie   MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polysacharidy imunologie   MeSH
• Propionibacterium acnes imunologie   MeSH
• sérový albumin hovězí imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• fenobarbital MeSH
• indomethacin MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• sérový albumin hovězí MeSH

• MeSH
• chování * MeSH
• fyziologický stres komplikace   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neuroimunomodulace genetika   MeSH
• žaludeční vředy etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The present paper deals with the effect of indomethacin and/or Propionibacterium acnes (Pa) on the cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomal fraction, free fatty acids and lipase concentration in serum with respect to the phagocytic activities of monocytomacrophage system, changes in weight of the spleen and liver, survival after LD100 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and histology of the spleen and liver. The results obtained indicate that INDO acts as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 and at the same time stimulates functions of the monocytomacrophage system in all the parameters studied. Pa, a classical immunomodulator, inhibits cytochrome P-450. After the initial suppression phase (3rd day after administration), it stimulates significantly the activity of monocytomacrophage system and increases the amount of FFA in the serum. The combination of both preparations also inhibits the cytochrome P-450 concentration in the liver and stimulates functions of the monocytomacrophage system in all the studied parameters. However, no temporary suppression of phagocytic activities was observed on the 3rd day of the experiment, in contrast to the animals administered Pa alone. Serum FFA concentration increased significantly. The application of both preparations accelerated markedly the onset of proliferation and differentiation processes in lymphatic follicles of the spleen.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• indomethacin farmakologie   MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy enzymologie   MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Propionibacterium acnes imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• indomethacin MeSH