PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of percutaneous techniques in managing paediatric liver transplantation complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out 105 paediatric cadaveric donor liver transplantations at our centre from 2001 to 2018. Percutaneous techniques were used to treat 25 cases involving transplantation complications in 23 patients. Biliary complications were treated in 14 cases (13.3%): 10 patients had bile duct obstruction, and 4 had biliary leaks. Vascular complications were treated in 11 cases (10.5%): 5 hepatic artery (HA) stenoses/occlusions, 2 inferior vena cava (IVC) stenoses, and 1 portal vein (PV) stenosis. Other interventions involved embolisation of the superior mesenteric artery branch to manage gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 patients and embolisation of an arteriobiliary fistula in 1 patient. RESULTS: Biliary: We carried out external-internal drainage and balloon dilatation of stenoses in 12 cases. The external-internal drainage catheter was removed after 6-8 weeks in 7 patients, with the remaining 5 patients with persisting stenosis assigned for retransplantation. We failed to cross anastomotic occlusions in 2 patients before completing the procedures using external drainage; both individuals subsequently underwent retransplantation. Vascular: We performed PTA/stenting of HA stenoses/occlusions in 4 out of 5 patients. After the procedure, all 4 patients showed liver function normalisation. All 3 cases of embolisation were technically and clinically successful. Both IVC and PV stenoses treated with dilatation/stenting were also successful. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous techniques used to treat biliary and vascular complications after liver transplantation in paediatric patients are safe and efficient.

• Klíčová slova
• Liver transplantation biliary complications, Liver transplantation vascular complications, Paediatric liver transplantation,
• MeSH
• arteriální okluzní nemoci diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• cholestáza diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• drenáž metody   MeSH
• intervenční radiologie metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stenty MeSH
• terapeutická embolizace metody   MeSH
• transplantace jater * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hepatic artery thrombosis is the most common vascular complication after liver transplantation. Early thrombosis is treated by surgical revascularization; if not feasible, there is need for urgent retransplantation. Late thrombosis is diagnosed mostly when clinical symptoms or graft dysfunction are present, in which case the only possible therapy is retransplantation. We present a case of a young patient with late thrombosis of an aorto-hepatic bypass, in whom we successfully used thrombolytic therapy with stent-graft placement.

• Klíčová slova
• intra-arterial thrombolysis, endovascular therapy, hepatic artery thrombosis, liver transplantation,
• MeSH
• aorta chirurgie   MeSH
• arteria hepatica chirurgie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cévy - implantace protéz metody   MeSH
• endovaskulární výkony MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jater chirurgie   MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• transplantace jater škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• trombolytická terapie MeSH
• trombóza etiologie   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: This study was designed to present our experience with percutaneous treatment of hepatic artery stenosis in orthotopic liver transplant patients and to evaluate the efficacy, technical outcomes, and mid-term clinical results of the procedure. METHODS: Twenty-two percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs) were performed in 19 liver transplant recipients at our institution between 1998 and 2010. Stents were placed into the hepatic/celiac artery in 16 PTAs, but balloon dilatation alone was performed in 6 because of the anatomical condition of the vessel. PTA/stenting was indicated in 17 patients because of elevated liver enzymes; 2 patients were asymptomatic. The objective of treating stenosis was prevention of long-term complications, including thrombosis. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all patients. There was only one complication: dissection of the treated artery without any subsequent adverse effects. In all patients, elevated liver enzyme levels improved after treatment. No restenosis was observed in any patient during a mean follow-up of 2.6 years (1 month to 5.5 years). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous angioplasty/stent placement is a safe method for the treatment of hepatic artery stenosis after orthotopic liver transplantation, with a high technical success rate and promising mid-term results.

• MeSH
• angiografie MeSH
• angioplastika * MeSH
• arteria hepatica * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jaterní testy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• okluze cévního štěpu diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stenóza MeSH
• transplantace jater * MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is regularly used in treatment of clinically significant portal hypertension. Liver transplant recipients are, however, rarely indicated for the procedure. The study retrospectively examines the results of TIPS placement in 6 patients after OLT. METHODS: 4 males and 2 females (aged 36 to 62 years), treated with TIPS between 2007 a 2018, were included in the study. 5 patients had previously undergone liver transplantation for liver graft cirrhosis, 1 patient for Budd-Chiari syndrome. The piggyback caval reconstruction technique was selected in 4/6 cases. PH developed after OLT due to the recurrence of underlying liver condition and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in half of the cases, respectively. Indications for TIPS were refractory ascites in 4 cases and variceal bleeding in 2 cases. RESULTS: Standard TIPS technique was used and technical success was achieved in all cases with a procedure-related complication in 1 patient. One patient died shortly after TIPS placement. The remaining patients all reported regression of clinically significant PH. Late complications appeared in 2 patients. Liver retransplantation after TIPS creation was performed in 1 case. Median TIPS patency was 55 months. 2/6 patient continue to thrive with a patent shunt. CONCLUSIONS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in OLT recipients is technically feasible. Favorable clinical outcomes were reported particularly in patients treated for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome who were indicated to TIPS for refractory ascites.

• Klíčová slova
• liver, portal hypertension, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, transplantation,
• MeSH
• ascites etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ezofageální a žaludeční varixy * etiologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení etiologie   MeSH
• jaterní žilní okluze * etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• transjugulární intrahepatální portosystémový zkrat * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• transplantace jater * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Evaluation of the functional reserve before resectional performance and sufficient rest of liver parenchyma function is essential for the surgeon. From these factors, the decision based on operability, the maximum extent of liver parenchyma resection and the severity of post-operative course. In the period from December 2003 to December 2008, at the Dept of Transplant and Vascular surgery, JLF UK Martin, have been performed 161 resections of the liver in 144 patients, of which 91 large resections performances in the liver (hemihepatektomies or greater performance). Six patients have undergone repeated resection (4.1%), in 11 patients was performed Radio Frequency Ablation due to relaps of the disease (6.1%), and 3 patients were performed two steps resection. Of 91 major resection performance in the liver was 62 (68%) performed by anatomical boundaries of individual segments, in remaining 29 (32%) resections was reflected more to the localization of tumor itself as anatomical subdivision called combined anatomical and non-antomical resection. Radical resection R0 has been achieved in 76% of malignant tumors. In the post-operative course in 17% experienced complications, most often to the hematoma and biloma in place of the resection area, pleural effusion and 8 patients had postoperative liver dysfunction. Of this group, 5 patients had made volumetric examinations, and in all was the volume of residual liver parenchyma < 30% of the total volume of functional liver. Mortality within 30 days of the performance was 1.1%. The survival of patients was affected mainly by extent of resection, histological type of tumor, radicality of resection and necessity of the complex surgical procedures. Based on our evaluation of the results of a group of patients was arranged scheme measures for planning resectional procedures of the liver in our department. These include the adjustment of laboratory parameters, management of jaundice, preference of anatomical resections and volumetric examinations in patients with an estimated loss of more than 60-70% functional parenchyma of liver.

• MeSH
• hepatektomie * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• játra patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease in which the liver tissue and the vascular beds are remodeled leading to impaired hepatic function. Portal hypertension and subsequent esophageal varices are a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis and are a cause of mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is uncommon, the incidence being about 1 in 5 950 pregnancies. Hepatocellular damage and the associated alteration in the metabolism of the sex hormones is thought to be responsible and leads to anovulation. In spite of all these factors, women with cirrhosis can and do become pregnant. Pregnancy is successful in most of the patients with chronic liver disease, but maternal and fetal complication rates are still high for decompensated liver cirrhosis. Portal hypertension associated with pregnancy is a high-risk situation as both pregnancy and portal hypertension share some of the hemodynamic changes. Risks of variceal bleeding and hepatic decompensation increases many fold during pregnancy. Despite the possible complications mentioned above, the maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality rates have been decreased by the current developments in hepatology, prevention of bleeding from varices with drugs and/or endoscopic variceal ligation, improvement in liver transplantation, and an increased experience in these issues. We present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with liver cirrhosis who successfully managed pregnancy and birth without complications after the insertion of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Unfortunately, 2 years after delivery, the patient developed lymphoblastic lymphoma and, despite intensive therapy for this disease, the patient died at the age of 40. We did not find any link between liver cirrhosis and lymphoblastic lymphoma.

• Klíčová slova
• Cirrhosis, diabetes therapy in pregnancy, gravidity, liver, liver cirrhosis, lymphoma, pregnancy, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, varices,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ezofageální a žaludeční varixy * MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• portální hypertenze * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transjugulární intrahepatální portosystémový zkrat * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Desmoid tumours (DT) are commonly associated with Gardener's syndrome. Their surgical resection may be complicated by their close proximity to major vessels, multiple organ involvement, and frequent local recurrence. Multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) is an alternative treatment for patients with intestinal and liver failure. In patients with DT closely associated with renal structures but without end-stage kidney disease, concomitant excision of the patient's own kidney, ex vivo tumour resection with nephron-sparing surgery, or autotransplantation has been proposed. CASE PRESENTATION: A 36-year-old Caucasian female weighing 60 kg with Gardener's syndrome with a history of abdominal surgery was presented to our department with progressive abdominal distention associated with paroxysmal pain. With the use of CT, the patient was diagnosed with a mass arising from the mesenterial region. The patient had normal kidney function and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The patient was indicated for MVTx. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: After 16 months on the waiting list, the patient received a multivisceral graft from a deceased donor. Following the restoration of graft vascular flow, the patient's right kidney was removed and the DT dissected ex vivo before autotransplantation into the right pelvic fossa. The patient received immunosuppressive, antithrombotic, and antibiotic treatment. There was no acute rejection, though the patient experienced pulmonary infection, dysphagia, and oesophageal reflux with fungal infection. The patient had required temporary dialysis for acute renal failure for 75 days. One year after the surgery, nausea and violent vomiting caused delayed gastric emptying caused by spastic pylorus. Clinical improvement was achieved using gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM). CONCLUSION: MVTx with kidney autotransplantation is a feasible treatment option in patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis complicated by an abdominal DT. Precise tumour dissection with nephron-sparing surgery was carried ex vivo. G-POEM was used to relieve MVTx-related gastroparesis. The patient had no disease reoccurrence after one-year follow-up.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Cellular responses induced by surgical procedure or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may severely alter transcriptome profiles and complicate molecular diagnostics. To investigate this effect, we characterized such pre-analytical effects in 143 non-malignant liver samples obtained from 30 patients at different time points of ischemia during surgery from two individual cohorts treated either with the Pringle manoeuvre or total vascular exclusion. Transcriptomics profiles were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays and expression of selected mRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. We found 179 mutually deregulated genes which point to elevated cytokine signaling with NFκB as a dominant pathway in ischemia responses. In contrast to ischemia, reperfusion induced pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cascades involving TNF, NFκB and MAPK pathways. FOS and JUN were down-regulated in steatosis compared to their up-regulation in normal livers. Surprisingly, molecular signatures of underlying primary and secondary cancers were present in non-tumor tissue. The reported inter-patient variability might reflect differences in individual stress responses and impact of underlying disease conditions. Furthermore, we provide a set of 230 pre-analytically highly robust genes identified from histologically normal livers (<2% covariation across both cohorts) that might serve as reference genes and could be particularly suited for future diagnostic applications.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker, Gene expression, Microarray, Pre-analytical workflows, Transplantation medicine,
• MeSH
• ischemie komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• reperfuzní poškození * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• transkriptom * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH