Magnetická rezonance Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating process presently referred to autoimmune diseases. Its diagnostics is based on clinical examination and paraclinical tests (magnetic resonance, examination of CSF and evoked potentials recording). Magnetic resonance (MR) has the highest significance, both for the diagnostics and for the monitoring of the course of disease and results of treatment. Results of magnetic resonance are not specific for the multiple sclerosis and therefore for the reliable diagnosis the McDonadl's criteria have to be fulfilled. It appears that magnetic resonance is more sensitive to progression of disease than the clinical examination. Monitoring of the course of disease requires new techniques of MR imaging. Automatic, software assisted determination of plaque volumes in T2 and T1 weighted images--so called "lesion load", is checked during the patient's treatment. Assessment of brain volume determines progression of atrophy. The aim of all the new methods of MR imaging is to search for a reliable technique of the disease monitoring and namely for the prediction of disease progression.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In the study, an actual overview of eyes examinations by means of functional magnetic resonance focused on selected eyes diseases is presented. Special attention is paid to hypertension glaucomas, normotension glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and peeling of the epimacular membrane and the internal limiting membrane. The authors point out the decreased activity of the visual cortex in diseases in which the damage of retinal ganglion cells occurs.
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- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- oční nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- zrakové korové centrum patologie MeSH
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- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Due to the increased availability of MRI, this modality is the first choice for patients with a suspected pathology of the optic nerve, chiasm and optic tracts. Magnetic resonance imaging allows to evaluate the optic nerve itself as well as the gain or atrophy, its focal changes; it also allows detailed views of the surrounding structures such as vagina of the optic nerve and the mutual ratio between the full thickness of the nerve and the vagina, and the nerve itself. MR method uses a tissue contrast of an adipose tissue structures to a detailed imaging of the orbit. These data can play an important role not only in the diagnosis of the diseases with ophthalmic symptoms, but also in the diagnosis of the diseases of the nervous system. We are presenting a comprehensive overview of basic sequences used to show the optic nerve and the structures of the orbit as well as highlighting the benefits of their use and emphasizing their limitations. Imaging of the optic nerve and eye sockets may be standardized, and thus make the assessment easier for the following examinations that should be ideally performed using the same equipment and the same protocol display. The issue of imaging on the display unit with the strength of 1.5 Tesla is discussed; it is a machine that is largely represented across the Czech Republic.Key words: magnetic resonance imaging, scanner strength of 1.5 T, optic nerve, optic path, vagina of optic nerve.
The authors present their initial experience with the visualization by magnetic resonance (MR) in otorhinolaryngology in the CSR. Due to multidimensional and high contrast visualization, MR facilitates greatly spatial orientation as regards localization and size of the pathological process. Its importance otorhinolaryngology is in particular in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. For some localizations of tumours MR is the method of choice.
The authors describe their initial experience with examination of the heart by magnetic resonance (MR) and discuss its position in the diagnostic algorithm of cardiac examinations:. They made 31 MR examinations of the heart in 30 patients. Echocardiography preceded 29 examinations. MR proved to be particularly useful where echocardiography did not lead to a decisive conclusion and called for confirmation by another method, or where it could not be carried out or its result was not consistent with the patient's clinical condition or the results of other examinations. The quality of the MR image was influenced most by the possibility of ECG gating. The latter was not possible in 16 patients (51.6%). In three of these (18.8%) the images were of such poor quality that they did not provide adequate diagnostic information. Images suitable for evaluation were obtained in 28 examinations (90.3%)--in these patients the MR information was valuable for establishment of the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance is a new possible method in the non-invasive diagnosis of heart disease. In the majority of cases it follows after echocardiographic examination which remains due to its accessibility the basic non-invasive method for examination of the heart.
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- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci srdce diagnóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: In breast cancer patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a supportive method characterized by high sensitivity. Its indications in the preoperative assessment are not clearly defined. More likely to benefit from preoperative MRI are younger women, women with a dense breast on mammography and patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). The aim of this study was to assess utilization of MRI and resulting benefits in preoperative tumour staging of ILC in patients treated in our institution. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of medical records of all patients with bioptically proven and primarily surgically treated ILC through the years 20142016. RESULTS: Overall, 230 patients were evaluated, among them 131 (57.0%) underwent MRI. These patients were significantly younger than patients without MRI. The results of MRI were as follows: in 28.2% a small unicentric lesion, in 41.2% large infiltration or multifocality, and in 30.5% suspicion of multicentricity. The proportion of conservative surgeries and re-resections did not differ between the patients with and without MRI. The subgroup of patients with a small unicentric lesion on MRI showed a higher proportion of conservative surgeries and fewer re-resections compared to the other subgroups. In 41 women (31.3%) the MRI finding resulted in further assessments; in 29 (22.1%) an additional biopsy was done, with a malignant result in the ipsilateral breast in 8 cases and in the contralateral breast in 3 cases. The MRI finding had a substantial impact on surgery in 35 patients (26.7%) of whom it was evaluated as clinically beneficial in 23 (65.7%) cases. CONCLUSION: At our institution, more than a half of patients with ILC undergo MRI preoperatively. The finding has an impact on the scope of the surgery in approximately one fourth of the cases, being clinically beneficial in most of them. However, a high frequency of additional imaging assessments and biopsies should be taken into account. Due to the low specificity of MRI, every suspicious lesion has to be bioptically verified to avoid inappropriate surgery and patient harm.Key words: breast cancer - invasive lobular carcinoma - magnetic resonance imaging - occult lesion - biopsy.
In opening the paper, the authors present a brief outline of the fundamentals of nuclear magnetic resonance. Using selected cases from practice, they demonstrate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for the purpose of forensic toxicologic analysis. The method is particularly suitable for identifying unknown organic compounds and for analysing mixtures of substances.
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- fenacetin otrava MeSH
- fenylbutazon analogy a deriváty otrava MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
- soudní lékařství * MeSH
- toxikologie * MeSH
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- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fenacetin MeSH
- fenylbutazon MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to review the use of the MRI in urogynaecology and to describe an original method for the construction of 3D computer models of pelvic floor. DESIGN: Pilot study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Sexuology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Department of Radiodiagnostics, Charles University, Hradec Králové. METHODS: A review of the use of the MRI in urogynaecology was made. A new method was introduced for creation of computer 3D models of female pelvis based on the data obtained by the MRI. RESULTS: Five complex computer models of the female pelvic organs and pelvic floor were created. Many so far estimated details were visualized. CONCLUSION: The use of MRI in urogynaecology can bring important data about the functional anatomy of female pelvic floor.
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- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- pánevní dno anatomie a histologie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
