According to WHO, neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix (appendiceal carcinoids) are defined as 1. well-differentiated endocrine tumors with benign or uncertain behavior, 2. well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma and 3. goblet cell carcinoma. These tumors are usually diagnosed incidentally during appendectomy. Carcinoid syndrome is rare in appendiceal carcinoid. Tumor size greater than 2 cm is the most important parameter for prognosis. Most patients are cured by appendectomy (appendiceal tumors < or = 2 cm), tumors with a diameter > 2 cm should be managed by right hemicolectomy.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory apendixu * diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory * diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Liver transplantation as a curative treatment method can be used for selected primary liver tumours, in particular for hepatocellular carcinoma and rather rare semi-malignant tumours such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, further for infiltration of liver by metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (provided that metastases are only located in the liver and the primary tumour was removed) and for benign tumours (hemangiomas and adenomas) with oppression symptoms and size progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is not indicated for liver transplantation at the CKTCH Brno. In recent years liver transplants for hepatocellular carcinoma have increased and hepatocellular carcinoma has also been more frequently found ex post, in the explanted livers. Liver transplantation is indicated in selected patients with a good chance of long-term survival after liver transplantation (a generally accepted limit is 5 year survival of 50 % after transplantation). By 20 March 2015 there were liver transplants carried out on 38 patients - in 25 of them was hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed before transplantation and in 13 it was found in the liver explants. 5 year survival following transplantation is reached by 53 % of this cohort. 32 % patients suffered from chronic hepatitis C. The longest surviving (32 years) patient at CKTCH Brno had liver transplanted for a big fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, which points to the prognostic significance of tumour histology: the criterion only considered in some indication schemes for practical reasons. Benign liver tumours (adenomatosis, cystadenoma, hemangioma with oppression symptoms) are rather rare indications and the transplantation results are favourable. 4 patients underwent transplantation for infiltration of liver by carcinoid, tumour recurrence occurred in one.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatocelulární karcinom chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• nádory jater chirurgie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory chirurgie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• transplantace jater * metody   MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The article is concerned with medullary microcarcinoma of the thyroid. Similarly to medullary macrocarcinoma, this may metastasize to distant sites. Reported is a case of a 54year- old male who had suffered from chest tightness and dry irritating cough. Chest Xray showed small nodules with poorly- defined borders of unknown etiology. Lung biopsy was performed, which detected amyloid- rich neuroendocrine carcinoma. Examination of the thyroid was recommended to confirm or rule out suspected medullary carcinoma. The biopsy examination also suggested G1 and G2 primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung or diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Numerous examinations using imaging methods (CT, MRI, PET- CT) were carried out with no positive results in the thyroid. Despite that, thyroidectomy was performed. Subsequent biopsy examination revealed medullary microcarcinoma sized 0.6 cm. Apart from lung metastases, tumor lesions were found in cervical lymph nodes. This case is an example of a close cooperation between a pathologist and a clinician - endocrinologist. Based on serum calcitonin levels, this may aid in differential diagnosis.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory neznámé primární lokalizace diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory plic sekundární   MeSH
• nádory štítné žlázy diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní karcinom MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

We report a case of a 73-year-old female with a rare simultaneous occurrence of three tumors: ovarian carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. The ovarian tumor was a primary pure large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Grossly, the left ovary was enlarged by a solid tumor that measured 9 x 7 x 7 cm. Histologically, the tumor consisted of large cells with irregular hyperchromatic nuclei and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. In some areas, the tumor cells were arranged in solid sheets; however, the predominant pattern was cribriform and solid-alveolar, with palisaded tumor cells located peripherally. The tumor cells showed multiple mitotic figures (up to 43 mitoses/10 HPF). Large areas of tumor necrosis were found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for EMA, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and CEA. Cytokeratin 20 was positive focally. Primary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary is a rare tumor. To the best of our knowledge, only 4 cases of a pure tumor of this type have been reported to date.

• MeSH
• antigen CD56 analýza   MeSH
• chromograniny analýza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetné primární nádory * MeSH
• nádory endometria patologie   MeSH
• nádory mozku chemie   imunologie   sekundární   terapie   MeSH
• nádory prsu patologie   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků chemie   imunologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní karcinom chemie   imunologie   sekundární   terapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• synaptofysin analýza   MeSH
• velkobuněčný karcinom chemie   imunologie   sekundární   terapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CD56 MeSH
• chromograniny MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen MeSH
• synaptofysin MeSH

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1), also called von Recklinghausen disease, is a rare genetic disease which can lead to the development of benign or even malignant tumors. NF1 is mostly diagnosed in children or early adolescents who present with clinical symptoms. A curative therapy is still missing and the management of NF1 is based on careful surveillance. Concerning tumors which affect the gastrointestinal tract in patients with NF1, the most common is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 58-year-old adult patient with dyspeptic symptoms who was incidentally diagnosed with triple malignancy (pheochromocytoma, multiple GISTs of small intestine and an ampullary NET) as a first manifestation of NF1. The patient underwent surgical treatment (adrenalectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy) with no complications and after 2 years remains in oncological remission. CONCLUSION: NF1 is a rare genetic disease which can cause various benign or malignant tumors. The coincidence of GIST and NET is almost pathognomonic for NF1 and should raise a suspicion of this rare disorder in clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Neuroendocrine tumor, Neurofibromatosis type-1, Pheochromocytoma, von Recklinghausen disease,
• MeSH
• feochromocytom komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální stromální tumory komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory komplikace   dietoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neurofibromatóza 1 komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Strumal carcinoid (SC) is a rare ovarian germ-cell tumour, which is characterized by a mixture of thyroid tissue and carcinoid. It can be presented as a monodermal teratoma or as a part of mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst). DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hereby the authors describe two cases of this rare tumour in clinically asymptomatic women, 46- and 52-year-old, whom tumours were diagnosed at preventive gynaecological examination. The tumours considered of solid - cystic features, measured 65×45×40 mm and 75×45×40 mm and both contained parts of SC represented by tougher yellowish gelatinous areas. In both cases, SC was a part of the mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst), with predominated content. Histologically, both SC had a characteristic composition of intimate mixture of mature thyroid tissue and carcinoid. Immunohistochemically, the thyroid tissue stained positively with cytokeratin7, thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor-1, and the carcinoid component exhibited expression of synaptophysin and chromogranin A (only in one case). Tumour cells of both components of SC were negative for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen. Both tumours showed low proliferation activity expressed by Ki-67 (up to 2%). Tumours were diagnosed in stage IA, and up to now are patients without any complications associated with tumours, free of relapse for 3 years and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: SC represents an interesting form of primary ovarian carcinoid, which is usually asymptomatic and when confined to ovary, mostly has benign behaviour and can be treated by simple one-sided or bilateral adnexectomy. Keywords ovary, germ cell tumours, strumal carcinoid, immunohistochemistry.

• Klíčová slova
• germ cell tumours, immunohistochemistry, ovary, strumal carcinoid,
• MeSH
• karcinoid diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• struma ovarii diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The hybrid method 18F-FDG PET/ CT has been proven as a method of choice in oncology for diagnostics, staging, restaging of the tumor and evaluation of the therapeutic effect. The aim of the study was to determine the value of 18F-FDG PET/ CT for detection of synchronous tumors and consequently the influence on the patients management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examinations were performed on Discovery, GE Healthcare PET/ CT using standard protocol. Among the patients, examined by 18F FDG PET/ CT for one year (n = 1 408), unsuspected synchronous tumors were detected in 11 cases (0.8%). RESULTS: Five pulmonary carcinomas, four head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), one ovarian carcinoma and one tumor of the sigma were detected as second malignancies. The histology verification was done in five cases (all HNSCC and one sigma carcinoma). In one patient with ovarian carcinoma, histology was obtained after surgery. In the rest of patients, no verification was undertaken because of the patients refusal and the advanced stage of the diseases, demanding systemic chemotherapy. Four patients (three with HNSCC and one with ovarian secondary malignancy) had favorable outcome during the nine month follow up. CONCLUSION: The hybrid method PET/ CT, combining the metabolic and morphologic findings, can help detection of synchronous malignancies in a small percentage of cases, but with a positive influence on management of considerable part of such patients.

• MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
• kolorektální nádory diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetné primární nádory diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory plic diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• radiofarmaka MeSH
• sekundární malignity diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH
• radiofarmaka MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• MALIGNANT CARCINOID SYNDROME *, NEOPLASM ETIOLOGY *, SEROTONIN *,
• MeSH
• karcinoid * MeSH
• maligní karcinoidní syndrom * MeSH
• nádory etiologie   MeSH
• serotonin * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• serotonin * MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• karcinoid diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maligní karcinoidní syndrom diagnóza   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádory srdce diagnóza   MeSH
• střevní nádory diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH