Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas) from Rybinsk reservoir were studied using air-drying techniques. It was established that the diploid set contains 20 metacentric chromosomes. The chromosomes are large--their mean absolute length ranges from 3.00 to 12.90 microns. The last pair of small homologues comprises only 3.4% of the total length of the complement. One specimen of C. laticeps with 2n = 21 (trisomic after the last pair of chromosomes) and one triploid specimen with 3n = 31 is described. Data on the comparative karyology of caryophyllids are discussed.

• MeSH
• Cestoda genetics   MeSH
• Cestode Infections parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Chromosomes * MeSH
• Cyprinidae parasitology   MeSH
• Karyometry MeSH
• Meiosis MeSH
• Metaphase MeSH
• Mitosis MeSH
• Fish Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Ploidies MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Seasonal variations in several functions were observed in a strain of Phodopus s. sungorus bred and kept in the laboratory at Erling-Andechs (47° 58'N, 11° 11'E) under natural illumination: 1. During their first winter most hamsters changed into a whitish winter coat (Figs. 2, 5, and 14). The change in fur coloration is described (Fig. 1). In most animals molt into the winter coat started in October or November, and was completed in December. Molt into the summer coat started in January or February, and was completed in March or early April. Hamsters kept at outdoor temperatures started molt into winter pelt earlier, and finished molt into summer pelt later, than animals kept indoors (Figs. 3 and 4). Winter coloration was more extreme in animals kept at outdoor temperatures. 2. Molt into the winter coat was induced in summer by exposing hamsters to short photoperiods (Fig. 6). However, these animals spontaneously changed back into summer fur while remaining under short-day conditions. 3. The animals had a marked annual cycle in body weight with maximum weight in July and August, and minimum weight in December and January, while they were in winter pelage (Figs. 7 and 8). 4. Reproduction was observed only between February and November (Fig. 9). Young were born within 18 days (2 cases) or 19 days (27 cases) after the breeding pairs were established. Mean litter size was 5 (range 1-9) (Fig. 10). Average litter size was smaller in the first litter of a ♀ than in the second, but was smaller again in subsequent litters (Fig. 11). 5. Growth curves of young hamsters were compared with data from the literature (Fig. 12). In the mean ♂ ♂ were heavier than ♀ ♀ (Table 1). 6. The majority of ♂ ♂ showed testis involution during the first winter. The weight of winter testes was about 1/9th that of summer testes (Fig. 13). The cauda epididymidis contained no spermatozoa in winter animals, and many in summer animals. 7. Daily torpor was observed in many animals, but only during the winter, and only in those animals that had changed into winter coloration. Body temperature dropped to about 20°C in hamsters kept at 6°C ambient temperature. 8. More than 10% of the animals remained in summer colour during the first winter (Figs. 2, 3, and 14). In these animals, testicular state and body weight corresponded to those of summer animals (Fig. 15), and torpor was not observed. 9. During their second winter, only a small percentage of animals changed into the winter coat, and even in these animals winter coloration was poorly expressed (Fig. 2). Testicular regression was also rare in the second winter, and less marked than in first-year animals (Fig. 16). The two individual testes in an animal often differed considerably in size and activity.-Reproduction almost ceased after the hamsters had lived through their second winter. 10. Phodopus has a midventral sebaceous gland, which is much larger in ♂ ♂ than in ♀ ♀. An annual cycle in its activity was indicated, but was not studied quantitatively. A discussion of the observations is presented which includes aspects of the situation in free-living populations.-The annual cycles of all the individual functions observed in the laboratory (body weight, testis activity, reproduction, colour change, torpidity) were strictly synchronized with each other, which suggests that these functions are regulated by a single complex of coupled factors, or even by one single factor, within the organism. The annual cycle was influenced by photoperiod, but it was not exclusively caused by external factors and their changes; an internal component of the annual cycle has to be potulated.

• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH

Spermiogenesis and ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the pseudophyllidean cestode Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1781), a parasite of pike Esox lucius, has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis involves firstly the formation of a zone of differentiation with two centrioles associated with striated roots, and an intercentriolar body between them, subsequent growth of the two flagella of unequal length, and a formation of a median cytoplasmic process exhibiting patches of dense material. The nucleus penetrates into spermatid body after flagellar rotation and proximo-distal fusion has started. The mature spermatozoon of T. nodulosus is filiform and contains two axonemes of 9+"1" pattern of the Trepaxonemata, nucleus, cortical microtubules parallel to the spermatozoon axis, and electron-dense granules. The anterior extremity of the gamete contains a single centriole surrounded by numerous electron-dense tubular structures exhibiting spiral arrangement and giving rise to lateral projections, which correspond to the crested body. When the crested body disappears, the spiral pattern of electron-dense tubular structures is changed into a ring, persisting until the centriole of the second axonemes appears. This structure of the crested body of T. nodulosus is unique among the Eucestoda.

• MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Cell Nucleus ultrastructure   MeSH
• Centrioles ultrastructure   MeSH
• Cestoda physiology   MeSH
• Cytoplasm ultrastructure   MeSH
• Flagella ultrastructure   MeSH
• Microtubules ultrastructure   MeSH
• Morphogenesis physiology   MeSH
• Organelles ultrastructure   MeSH
• Spermatogenesis physiology   MeSH
• Spermatozoa ultrastructure   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

1. Serum proteins of brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) were studied by the use of 1D PAGE, 2D agarose-PAGE, immunoblotting, inhibitions of trypsin and chymotrypsin, and specific staining for esterase. 2. Some serum proteins were identified, and easily interpretable polymorphisms were found in transferrin alpha 1B glycoprotein, protease inhibitors ATC2, ATC3 and AT1, esterase ES1 and in an unidentified postalbumin PO. 3. On the basis of family studies the evidence was obtained that the variants observed in these polymorphic proteins are under genetic control by codominant alleles of autosomal loci.

• MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional MeSH
• Chymotrypsin antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Agar Gel MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MeSH
• Esterases blood   genetics   MeSH
• Genetic Variation * MeSH
• Immunoblotting MeSH
• Trypsin Inhibitors analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Rabbits blood   MeSH
• Blood Proteins analysis   chemistry   genetics   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic * MeSH
• Serum Albumin analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Transferrin analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits blood   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Chymotrypsin MeSH
• Esterases MeSH
• Trypsin Inhibitors MeSH
• Blood Proteins MeSH
• Serum Albumin MeSH
• Transferrin MeSH

A new species, Demodex foveolator, is described in all stages of the life cycle from the lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens (Pallas, 1821). The species inhabits epidermal pits and apparently is a low-grade pathogen. A suggested trait of structural adaptations of epithelia-dwelling demodicids to their habitats is briefly discussed.

• MeSH
• Epidermis parasitology   MeSH
• Epithelium parasitology   MeSH
• Mite Infestations parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Shrews parasitology   MeSH
• Mites anatomy & histology   growth & development   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

The pathological picture of the migration phase of C. tenuicollis in pigs is characterized by a haemorrhagia within the liver parenchyma and under the liver surface. The haemorrhagia, which represents a migrational canal, is induced by the destruction of liver sinuses by migrating larvae. Approximately on day 10 p.i. a serofibrinous peritonitis occurs and free cysticerci appear in the exudate. On days 14-16 p.i. the exudative peritonitis may increase. The cysticerci are localized under the serosas or on them. On about day 10 p.i. even the pulmonary form of the disease may occur. On day 13 p.i. the cysticerci are present in the lumen of lung arteries or they migrate out of them. The changes in the lungs and on the pleura, as well as their dynamic changes, are identical with the changes in the liver and on the peritoneum. The period on days 21-24 p.i. is characterized by extensive synechiae of serosas and the cysticerci are firmly attached to the serosas. On day 35 p.i. the connective tissue adhesions persist and many of the cysticerci exhibit dystrophic changes or are dead and often already calcified. The wall of the pseudocyst, in which the cysticercus is situated, consists of the fibrocytes and serosa, and its cavity is not lined with endothelium, as it is the case in C. bovis and C. cellulosae.

• MeSH
• Cysticercus anatomy & histology   physiology   MeSH
• Cysticercosis diagnosis   parasitology   pathology   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Liver pathology   MeSH
• Swine, Miniature MeSH
• Liver Diseases, Parasitic parasitology   pathology   MeSH
• Lung Diseases, Parasitic parasitology   pathology   MeSH
• Lung pathology   MeSH
• Swine MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Taenia physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The majority of nodes of iliosacral lymphocenter are attached to the wall of a. iliaca communis dextra et sinistra from its origin to the rise of a. circumflexa ilium profunda. The total number of nodes of the lymphocenter ranges from 5 to 11, without any marked dextro-sinistral asymmetry. The size of nodes, as expressed by their length, showed a wide range from 1.5 to 20 mm and in more than one half of nodes it was 5 to 10 mm. The mass of individual nodes ranged from 1.7 to 98.9 mg and in one half of them was up to 20 mg. The total mass of all nodes of lymphocenter fluctuated individually from 131 to 340 mg with a slight asymmetry in favour of the right-hand side. Regarding a considerable positional variability of nodes the authors do not hold a further particularization of iliosacral lymphocenter for reliable and they consider the nodes under study to be a uniform topical group.

• MeSH
• Aorta, Abdominal MeSH
• Iliac Artery MeSH
• Lagomorpha anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Lymph Nodes anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Pelvis MeSH
• Mammals anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Fish Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Fishes MeSH
• Trematoda anatomy & histology   classification   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Mongolia MeSH

Taxonomic characters of Demodex sp. (near to D. kutzeri Bukva, 1987) are described and discussed. Pronounced, disperse, chronic, multinodular folliculitis induced by this hair follicle inhabitant in the skin of eland, Taurotragus oryx, is described at the histological level.

• MeSH
• Antelopes parasitology   MeSH
• Artiodactyla parasitology   MeSH
• Mite Infestations parasitology   pathology   veterinary   MeSH
• Skin pathology   MeSH
• Mites anatomy & histology   classification   MeSH
• Hair parasitology   pathology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

A new population of the warble fly, Oestromyia leporina from Western Bohemia is described. The parasite was recorded on Microtus arvalis and M. agrestis. The infection of offspring in the den did not occur.

• MeSH
• Arvicolinae parasitology   MeSH
• Diptera physiology   MeSH
• Myiasis parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Rodent Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH