Packing material
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Two cost-effective packing materials were used for n-butyl acetate removal in lab-scale biofilters, namely waste spruce root wood chips and biochar obtained as a byproduct from a wood gasifier. Three biofilters packed with spruce root wood chips: without biochar (SRWC), a similar one with 10% of biochar (SRWC-B) and that with 10% of biochar impregnated with a nitrogen fertilizer (SRWC-IB) showed similar yet differing maximum elimination capacities of 206 ± 27, 275 ± 21 and 294 ± 20 g m-3 h-1, respectively, enabling high pollutant removal efficiency (>95% at moderate loads) and stable performance. The original biochar adsorption capacity was high (208 ± 6 mgtoluene g-1), but near 70% of it was lost after a 300-day biofilter operation. By contrast, the exposed impregnated biochar drastically increased its adsorption capacity in 300 days (149 ± 7 vs. 17 ± 5 mgtoluene g-1). Colony forming unit (CFU) and microscopic analyses revealed significant packing material colonization by microorganisms and grazing fauna in all three biofilters with an acceptable pressure drop, up to 1020 Pa m-1, at the end of biofilter operation. Despite a higher price (14 vs. 123 €m-3), the application of the best performing SRWC-IB packing can reduce the total investment costs by 9% due to biofilter volume reduction.
- Klíčová slova
- CFM, Packing material, biochar, biofilter, grazing fauna, impregnated biochar, n-butyl acetate, root spruce wood, waste air treatment,
- MeSH
- acetáty * MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- filtrace * MeSH
- toluen MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- acetáty * MeSH
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- butyl acetate MeSH Prohlížeč
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- toluen MeSH
BACKGROUND: We measured postoperative anxiety in patients who underwent transseptal suturing or nasal packing after septoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transseptal suturing was performed on Group 1 patients and nasal splints with airway were placed after septoplasty in Group 2 patients. Postoperative 48-h anxiety levels of both groups were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) clinical assessment scale, prior to removal of nasal packing in Group 2. RESULTS: Transseptal suturing was performed after septoplasty in 28 patients and nasal packing in 34 patients. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory clinical assessment state (STAI-S) and trait (STAI-T) instruments were used to measure postoperative anxiety. The STAI-S scores were found 35.00 in the transseptal suturing group and 43.8 in the nasal packing group; the difference was found significant (p < 0.05). The STAI-T scores were found 42.6 in the transseptal suturing group and 45.7 in the nasal packing group; the difference was not found significant (p > 0.05). The rate of minor hemorrhage was found 10.7% in Group 1 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transseptal suturing is simple and reliable when performed after septoplasty. The technique is painless and comfortable, and reduces patient anxiety (compared to that associated with nasal packing) with only a minor increase in operating time and hemorrhage.
- Klíčová slova
- Aanxiety, Nasal packing, Septoplasty, Transseptal suturing,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemostáza chirurgická přístrojové vybavení metody psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nosní přepážka abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační období MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rinoplastika MeSH
- šicí techniky psychologie MeSH
- úzkost etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Enzymatic hydrolysates of waste collagen proteins (H), from current industrial manufacture (leather, edible meat product casings, etc.) of mean molecular mass 20-30 kDa by a reaction with dialdehyde starch (DAS), produces hydrogels applicable as biodegradable (or even edible) packaging materials for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Thermo-reversibility of prepared hydrogels is given by concentrations of H and DAS in a reaction mixture. At concentrations of H 25-30% (w/w) and that of DAS 15-20% (related to weight of hydrolysate), thermo-reversible hydrogels arise, which can be processed into packaging materials by a technique similar to that of soft gelatin capsules (SGC). Exceeding the limit of 20% DAS leads to hydrogels that are thermo-reversible only in part, a further increase in DAS concentration then leads to thermo-irreversible gels whose processing into biodegradable packaging materials necessitates employment of other procedures.
- MeSH
- balení výrobků * MeSH
- kolagen chemie MeSH
- odstraňování zdravotnického odpadu metody MeSH
- proteinové hydrolyzáty chemie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kolagen MeSH
- odstraňování zdravotnického odpadu MeSH
- proteinové hydrolyzáty MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
The chalcogen bond is a nonclassical σ-hole-based noncovalent interaction with emerging applications in medicinal chemistry and material science. It is found in organic compounds, including 2D aromatics, but has so far never been observed in 3D aromatic inorganic boron hydrides. Thiaboranes, harboring a sulfur heteroatom in the icosahedral cage, are candidates for the formation of chalcogen bonds. The phenyl-substituted thiaborane, synthesized and crystalized in this study, forms sulfur⋅⋅⋅π type chalcogen bonds. Quantum chemical analysis revealed that these interactions are considerably stronger than both in their organic counterparts and in the known halogen bond. The reason is the existence of a highly positive σ-hole on the positively charged sulfur atom. This discovery expands the possibilities of applying substituted boron clusters in crystal engineering and drug design.
- Klíčová slova
- X-ray diffraction, boranes, chalcogen bonds, crystal structures, sulfur,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new, 19 π-delocalized electrons planar Blatter radical building block was developed and used to obtain paramagnetic bent-core liquid crystals. The mesogens were investigated by optical, thermal, powder XRD and DFT methods in the pure form and as binary mixtures. Comparison of their properties with those of the classical Blatter radical analogues revealed that planarization of the central angular element results in a significantly higher stability of the mesophases and increased molecular organization suitable for the formation of ordered banana and columnar mesophases with tighter π-π interactions. These results indicate access to a new, potentially rich class of functional paramagnetic soft materials.
- Klíčová slova
- general intermediate, paramagnetic liquid crystals, stable radicals, synthesis,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A trace quantitative analysis of barbiturates has been carried out in blood, urine, organs and in gastric and intestinal concents. The amount of sample required for analysis is very small [approximately 400 mul blood]. Extraction is carried out four times with the mixture of acetone and either 1:1]. The preparation of columns, packing and standards has been described. The device used for the analyses [Chrom 3] is furnished with an adjusted feeding block preventing the decomposition of samples in the doser. The column temperature is 190 degrees C, the column packing is Chromaton N-AW-DMCS coated with 3% NPGS and 0.75% trimer acid, detector FID.
- MeSH
- amobarbital metabolismus MeSH
- barbital metabolismus MeSH
- barbituráty krev metabolismus moč MeSH
- chromatografie plynová MeSH
- fenobarbital metabolismus MeSH
- hexobarbital metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pentobarbital metabolismus MeSH
- soudní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- amobarbital MeSH
- barbital MeSH
- barbituráty MeSH
- fenobarbital MeSH
- hexobarbital MeSH
- pentobarbital MeSH
Three polymorphic modifications of bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) oxalate are reported, and their characterization is discussed in this paper. The non-centrosymmetric bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) oxalate (I), which was obtained from an aqueous solution at 313K, belongs to the monoclinic space group Cc (a=6.2560(2)Å, b=18.6920(3)Å, c=18.2980(5)Å, β=96.249(1)°, V=2127.0(1)Å(3), Z=4, R=0.0314 for 4738 observed reflections). The centrosymmetric bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) oxalate (II) was obtained from an aqueous solution at 298K and belongs to the monoclinic space group P21/n (a=6.1335(3)Å, b=11.7862(6)Å, c=14.5962(8)Å, β=95.728(2)°, V=1049.90(9)Å(3), Z=4, R=0.0420 for 2396 observed reflections). The cooling of the centrosymmetric phase (II) leads to the formation of bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) oxalate (III) (a=6.1083(2)Å, b=11.3178(5)Å, c=14.9947(5)Å, β=93.151(2)°, V=1035.05(8)Å(3), Z=4, R=0.0345 for 2367 observed reflections and a temperature of 110K), which also belongs to the monoclinic space group P21/n. The crystal structures of the three characterized phases are generally based on layers of isolated N-phenylbiguanidium(1+) cations separated by oxalate anions and interconnected with them by several types of N-H(...)O hydrogen bonds. The observed phases generally differ not only in their crystal packing but also in the lengths and characteristics of their hydrogen bonds. The thermal behaviour of the prepared compounds was studied using the DSC method in the temperature range from 90K up to a temperature near the melting point of each crystal. The bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) oxalate (II) crystals exhibit weak reversible thermal effects on the DSC curve at 147K (heating run). Further investigation of this effect, which was assigned to the isostructural phase transformation, was performed using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis in a wide temperature range.
- Klíčová slova
- N-Phenylbiguanide salts, Polymorphism, Second harmonic generation, Thermal behaviour, Vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Factors affecting continuous 2,4-DNT degradation by an immobilized mixed microbial culture were investigated including the cell adaptation to this toxic substrate, 4-NT co-degradation, packing material porosity and substrate mass loading. Experiments were carried out in two packed bed reactors, with poraver (porous glass) and expanded slate as packing materials, using a concurrent water-air flow with ample oxygen. Running the system as a batch reactor with re-circulated medium showed that the immobilized cells adapted to higher 2,4-DNT concentrations yielding higher substrate biodegradation rates. The 2,4-DNT removal rate further increased, up to 180-265 mg L(-1)d(-1), when the immobilized biomass cultivation was switched to a continuous mode. The type of the packing material influenced the 2,4-DNT removal rate, apparently due to the difference in biofilm development. Significant changes in the biofilm composition were observed compared to the original inoculum despite poor biofilm growth.
The study investigated the active and intelligent properties of films based on furcellaran (FUR), gelatin hydrolysate (GELH) and rosemary extract (from fresh leaves (FRE) and dry leaves (DRE)). Rosemary extracts were blended with FUR/GELH film forming solution at different three concentrations (5, 10, 20%). Analyzing the ζ-potential dependences of complexation polysaccharide-protein hydrolysate, we selected optimal ratio for the film formation. The introduction of rosemary extracts into FUR/GELH films increased thickness, water content and tensile strength. The UV barrier properties of tested films improved with the addition of rosemary extracts into FUR/GELH matrix. The antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) did not improved with the addition of FRE but significantly increased with the addition of DRE, reaching 88% of DPPH inhibition and 207 of μmol Trolox/g of dried film of FRAP value. The color changes in different pH were observed, however, the fish spoilage test showed that those films are not suitable as intelligent films for monitoring freshness of this type of food product. Among all films tested, FUR/GELH film with 20% DRE exhibited the best performance. The obtained results suggested that FUR/GELH films with 20% DRE could be used as a promising active food packing material.
- Klíčová slova
- Furcellaran, Gelatin hydrolysate, Rosemary extract,
- MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie farmakologie MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie farmakologie MeSH
- fyzikální jevy MeSH
- kůže chemie MeSH
- obaly potravin MeSH
- proteinové hydrolyzáty chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rostlinné gumy chemie MeSH
- rozmarýn chemie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- želatina chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- algináty MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
- furcellaran MeSH Prohlížeč
- proteinové hydrolyzáty MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- rostlinné gumy MeSH
- želatina MeSH
This manuscript deals with continuous experiments for biodegradation of individual dinitrotoluenes by a defined mixed culture in packed-bed reactors (PBRs) containing either poraver or fire-clay as packing material. Removal efficiencies and volumetric biodegradation rates were measured as a function of the loading rate of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) under steady-state conditions. The poraver reactor showed higher removal efficiencies for both the DNTs. The removal efficiency for 2,4-DNT remained greater than 90% in the poraver reactor whereas it dropped steadily from 85 to 65% in the fire-clay reactor as the organic loading rates were increased from 19 to 60 mg L(-1)day(-1). Similar trends were seen for the volumetric degradation rate as well. In both the reactors, 2,4-DNT degraded more effectively than 2,6-DNT. The microbial consortium was characterized both in the inoculum as well as in the operating PBR. Cell numbers per gram dry packing material were similar in the two reactors. However, there was a distinct difference in the nature of microorganisms that were found in the two packings. The fire-clay contained a larger number of cells that were not primary degraders of DNTs.
