The article informs about current views of the ethiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It presents diabetes as a disease which is chronic and progressive, therefore requiring a dynamic approach to treatment. Based on the above concept, the article lists the current armamentarium of oral antidiabetic drugs and the possibilities of their combining. In addition to the existing therapeutic options, it also brings information about innovative drugs from the above group to be made available in the near future.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypoglykemika MeSH

It has been shown that it is possible to modify macronutrient oxidation, physical fitness and resting energy expenditure (REE) by changes in diet composition. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidation can be significantly increased by a diet with a low glycemic index. The purpose of our trial was to compare the effects of a vegetarian (V) and conventional diet (C) with the same caloric restriction (-500 kcal/day) on physical fitness and REE after 12 weeks of diet plus aerobic exercise in 74 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). An open, parallel, randomized study design was used. All meals were provided for the whole study duration. An individualized exercise program was prescribed to the participants and was conducted under supervision. Physical fitness was measured by spiroergometry and indirect calorimetry was performed at the start and after 12 weeks Repeated-measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) models with between-subject (group) and within-subject (time) factors and interactions were used for evaluation of the relationships between continuous variables and factors. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased by 12% in vegetarian group (V) (F = 13.1, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.171), whereas no significant change was observed in C (F = 0.7, p = 0.667; group × time F = 9.3, p = 0.004, partial η² = 0.209). Maximal performance (Watt max) increased by 21% in V (F = 8.3, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.192), whereas it did not change in C (F = 1.0, p = 0.334; group × time F = 4.2, p = 0.048, partial η² = 0.116). Our results indicate that V leads more effectively to improvement in physical fitness than C after aerobic exercise program.

• Klíčová slova
• insulin sensitivity, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal performance, physical fitness, type 2 diabetes, vegetarian diet,
• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• bazální metabolismus MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   dietoterapie   metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• diabetická dieta * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• hyperglykemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hypoglykemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• redukční dieta * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• sportovní výkon MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypoglykemika MeSH

The authors trace the history of metformin and its clinical use to the present day. Recent insights into its mode of action and latest data from experimental and clinical medicine have unraveled novel properties of metformin, which may be particularly useful in the treatment of conditions other than diabetes. Results of ongoing clinical trials will show whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of metformin will become only one of the many to be employed in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek účinky léků   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hypoglykemika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
• metformin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• metformin MeSH