BACKGROUND: Local dynamic stability (LDS) has become accepted as a gait stability indicator. The deterioration of gait stability is magnified in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the current state in the field regarding rthe relationship between LDS and cognitive and/or physical function in older adults? METHODS: A scoping review design was used to search for peer-reviewed literature or conference proceedings published through May 2023 for an association between LDS and cognitive (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or physical performance (e.g., Timed Up & Go Test) in older adults. Only studies investigating gait stability via LDS during controlled walking, when dealing with a subject group consisting of healthy older adults, and quantifying LDS relationship to cognitive and/or physical measure were included. We analysed data from the studies in a descriptive manner. RESULTS: In total, 814 potentially relevant articles were selected, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 37 LDS quantifiers employed in LDS-cognition and/or LDS-physical performance relationship assessment. Nine measures of cognitive and 20 measures of physical performance were analysed. Most studies estimated LDS quantities using triaxial acceleration data. However, there was a variance in sensor placement and signal direction. Out of the 56 studied relationships of LDS to physical performance measures, sixteen were found to be relevant. Out of 22 studied relationships between LDS and cognitive measures, only two were worthwhile. SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the heterogeneity of the utilized LDS (caused by different sensors locations, signals, and signal directions as well as variety of computational approaches to estimate LDS) and cognitive/physical measures, the results of this scoping review does not indicate a current need for a systematic review with meta-analysis. To assess the overall utility of LDS to reveal a relationship between LDS to cognitive and physical performance measures, an analysis of other subject groups would be appropriate.

• Klíčová slova
• Cognition, Gait, Local dynamic stability, Physical performance,
• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) * MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• scoping review MeSH

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently utilized as a method to reduce body mass. Its intensity of work results in a number of beneficial adaptive changes in a relatively short period of time. Irisin is a myokine and adipokine secreted to the blood during exercise and it takes part in the regulation of energy metabolism. It is a vital issue from the prophylaxis point of view as well as treatment through exercise of different diseases (e.g., obesity, type-2 diabetes). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in irisin concentration, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance in men after HIIT. Eight weeks of HIIT following the Tabata protocol was applied in the training group (HT) (n = 15), while a sedentary group (SED) (n = 10) did not participate in fitness activities within the same time period. Changes of irisin, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance were evaluated after graded exercise test (GXT) and Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) before and after eight weeks of training. Training resulted in an increased of blood irisin concentration (by 29.7%) p < 0.05), VO2max increase (PRE: 44.86 ± 5.74 mL·kg-1·min-1; POST: 50.16 ± 5.80 mL kg-1·min-1; p < 0.05), reduction in percent body fat (PRE: 14.44 ± 3.33%; POST: 13.61 ± 3.16%; p < 0.05), and increase of WAnT parameters (p < 0.05) in the HT group. No changes were observed in the SED group. HIIT resulted in beneficial effects in the increase in blood irisin concentration, physical performance, and reduced fat content. The HIIT may indicate an acceleration of base metabolism. This effect can be utilized in the prevention or treatment of obesity.

• Klíčová slova
• HIIT, basal metabolism, fat reduction, fitness, health, irisin, lean body mass, power output,
• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• fibronektiny krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost * MeSH
• vysoce intenzivní intervalový trénink * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fibronektiny MeSH
• FNDC5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

The aim of the study was to describe the menstrual status and perception, risk of low energy availability (LEA) and the presence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in youth female from a soccer team. Also, verify the possible effect of LEA and ON on physical performance. Data from 19 female players (14.6 ± 1.42 yr) belonging to a soccer team from Cyprus was taken during pre-season. The menstrual cycle status was evaluated by specific questions, LEA by the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), ON by the ORTO-R questionnaire and physical performance by jump, handgrip and cardiorespiratory exercise tests. Players were separated into the risk of LEA and ON. Comparison and correlation tests were performed with a significance set at p < 0.05. As the main results, 66.7% of players perceived that the menstrual period affects their performance in the game, 83.3% did not communicate with coaches about their menstrual cycle; the prevalence of risk of LEA was 26.3%; players with risk of LEA also presented higher scores ON; neither LEA nor ON presented a significant association with players performance. The findings highlighted that youth players perceived an impact of the menstrual period on performance, but did not communicate with the coach about it. Players with the risk of LEA and high values of ON seem not to be associated with a decrease in physical performance during the pre-season evaluation. Attention is required as the players were assessed once. Monitoring these parameters throughout the sports season is recommended to obtain better clarification about the topic.

• MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menstruační cyklus MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• síla ruky * MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Given that serve velocity has been identified as one of the most important components influencing performance in tennis, identifying the factors associated with serve velocity is crucial for coaches and athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between physical performance, anthropometric characteristics and stroke velocity in youth tennis players. Twenty-seven youth players (male = 16, age = 15.69 ± 1.70 years; female = 11, age = 15.82 ± 1.40 years) underwent an anthropometric and physical performance assessment. On a tennis court, players were assessed for forehand, backhand and serve velocities. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that forehand velocity was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.58) and handgrip strength (right hand: r = 0.68; left hand: r = 0.57), whereas backhand velocity was significantly correlated with running time (r = 0.52) and handgrip strength (right hand: r = 0.67; left hand: r = 0.55) in males. Similarly, in males, serve velocity was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.60), running time (r = 0.62) and handgrip strength (right: r = 0.77, left hand: r = 0.71). In females, a significant correlation was only demonstrated between serve velocity and body weight (r = 0.69). These findings highlight that handgrip strength, running time and body height variables are positively associated with stroke velocities in male youth tennis players.

• Klíčová slova
• athletic performance, physical fitness, tennis, youth athlete,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Impaired physical performance and muscle strength are recognized risk factors for fragility fractures, frequently associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, the integration of muscle strength and physical performance in the comprehensive assessment of fracture risk is still debated. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the potential role of hand grip strength (HGS) and short physical performance battery (SPPB) for predicting fragility fractures and their correlation with Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) with a machine learning approach. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a group of postmenopausal women underwent assessment of their strength, with the outcome measured using the HSG, their physical performance evaluated using the SPPB, and the predictive algorithm for fragility fractures known as FRAX. The statistical analysis included correlation analysis using Pearson's r and a decision tree model to compare different variables and their relationship with the FRAX Index. This machine learning approach allowed to create a visual decision boundaries plot, providing a dynamic representation of variables interactions in predicting fracture risk. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (mean age 63.8±10.7 years) were included. Both HGS and SPPB negatively correlate with FRAX major (r=-0.381, P=0.034; and r=-0.407, P=0.023 respectively), whereas only SPPB significantly correlated with an inverse proportionality to FRAX hip (r=-0.492, P=0.001). According to a machine learning approach, FRAX major ≥20 and/or hip ≥3 might be reported for an SPPB<6. Concurrently, HGS<17.5 kg correlated with FRAX major ≥20 and/or hip ≥3. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the major findings, this cross-sectional study using a machine learning model related SPPB and HGS to FRAX. Therefore, a precise assessment including muscle strength and physical performance might be considered in the multidisciplinary assessment of fracture risk in post-menopausal women.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kostní denzita * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporotické fraktury * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• postmenopauza MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and performance. The study aimed to provide cut off values of various Sarcopenia parameters [computerized tomography skeletal muscle index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS), gait velocity and chair stand] to predict mortality in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). METHODS: The inclusion criteria were age 18-75 years, model for end-stage liver disease > 15. All patients with advanced heart, lung, kidney diseases, active malignancy were excluded from the study. Sarcopenia indices were compared between survivors and non-survivors to find cut off value for prediction of mortality in ESLD patients. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one subjects suffering from ESLD were enrolled. The cutoff value of the SMI to identify high risk of mortality in sarcopenia patients is ≤21.2 cm2/m2, area under the curve (AUC) 0.537 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.456-0.616]. The cutoff value of the hand grip strength to identify high-risk mortality is ≤25.3 kilogram-force, AUC 0.682 (95% CI 0.604-0.753). The cutoff value of the gait velocity for the same is as ≤0.84 m/s, AUC 0.551 (95% CI 0.459-0.641). The cutoff value of the chair stand is ≥20.9 seconds, AUC 0.956 (95% CI 0.910-0.983). In the multivariate analysis, HGS, gait velocity and chair stand correlated with mortality. CONCLUSION: The current study is a comprehensive Asian study that gives the cut off values of Sarcopenia: muscle mass, strength and performance which identify high risk of mortality in ESLD patients. Muscle strength and performance correlated with mortality.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konečné stadium selhání jater * diagnóza   MeSH
• kosterní svaly diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sarkopenie * diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The main purpose of the study was to determine the level of correlation between self-reported and measured physical fitness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 120 older women aged ≥60 years. Self-reported physical fitness was assessed on a scale from 1 to 10, where higher score indicated better physical fitness perception. Objective measure included seven physical fitness tests: 1) waist circumference, 2) chair stand in 30 sec, 3) arm curl in 30 sec, 4) 2-min step test, 5) chair sit-and-reach test, 6) back scratch test and 7) 8-feet up-and-go test. Correlation between the two measures was analyzed by using Spearman coefficient (p≤0.05). RESULTS: In the whole sample, self-reported physical fitness was associated with chair stand in 30 sec (r=0.39, p<0.001), arm curl in 30 sec (r=0.54, p<0.001), 2-min step test (r=0.43, p<0.001), chair sit-and-reach test (r=0.39, p<0.001), back scratch test (r=0.36, p<0.001) and 8-feet up-and-go test (r=-0.29, p<0.001). No significant correlation between self-reported physical fitness and waist circumference was found (r=0.03, p=0.786). Overall physical fitness (sum of all physical fitness z-scores) was strongly correlated with self-reported physical fitness (r=0.63, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows that self-reported measure of physical fitness is moderately correlated to objectively measured physical fitness in relatively healthy older women.

• Klíčová slova
• aging, correlation, perception, performance, variance,
• MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost * MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test metody   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Smoking, excessive drinking, overeating and physical inactivity are well-established risk factors decreasing human physical performance. Moreover, epidemiological work has identified modifiable lifestyle factors, such as poor diet and physical and cognitive inactivity that are associated with the risk of reduced cognitive performance. Definition, collection and annotation of human reaction times and suitable health related data and metadata provides researchers with a necessary source for further analysis of human physical and cognitive performance. The collection of human reaction times and supporting health related data was obtained from two groups comprising together 349 people of all ages - the visitors of the Days of Science and Technology 2016 held on the Pilsen central square and members of the Mensa Czech Republic visiting the neuroinformatics lab at the University of West Bohemia. Each provided dataset contains a complete or partial set of data obtained from the following measurements: hands and legs reaction times, color vision, spirometry, electrocardiography, blood pressure, blood glucose, body proportions and flexibility. It also provides a sufficient set of metadata (age, gender and summary of the participant's current life style and health) to allow researchers to perform further analysis. This article has two main aims. The first aim is to provide a well annotated collection of human reaction times and health related data that is suitable for further analysis of lifestyle and human cognitive and physical performance. This data collection is complemented with a preliminarily statistical evaluation. The second aim is to present a procedure of efficient acquisition of human reaction times and supporting health related data in non-lab and lab conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Chronic disease, Cognitive and physical performance, Data acquisition, Data collection, Health related data, Reaction time, Software for data collection,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain alters physiological function, which may be evidenced as early as middle age. Previous research has concluded that middle-aged adults are a high-risk group for musculoskeletal pain and report functional limitations similar to older adults. However, few studies have examined the relationships between musculoskeletal pain and physical function, using objective performance measures in a sample of racially and socioeconomically diverse adults. Thus, this study examined musculoskeletal pain in relation to physical function in middle-aged (30-64 years) White and Black adults and investigated whether the relationship varied by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: This cross-sectional examination incorporated data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life-Span Study. Participants (n = 875) completed measures of musculoskeletal pain and objective measures of physical performance (ie, lower and upper body strength, balance, and gait abnormalities). Physical performance measures were standardized to derive a global measure of physical function as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Approximately, 59% of participants identified at least 1 pain sites (n = 518). Multivariable regression analyses identified significant relationships between greater musculoskeletal pain and poorer physical function (β = -0.07, p = .031), in mid midlife (β = -0.04, p = .041; age 40-54) and late midlife (β = -0.05, p = .027; age 55-64). CONCLUSIONS: This study observed that musculoskeletal pain was associated with poorer physical function within a diverse group of middle-aged adults. Future research should longitudinally explore whether chronic musculoskeletal pain identified at younger ages is associated with greater risk for functional limitation and dependence in later life.

• Klíčová slova
• Health disparities, Minority aging, Physical performance, Socioeconomic status,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• muskuloskeletální bolest patofyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rasové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost * MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Baltimore MeSH

AIMS: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with frailty in older people. We aim to explore changes in frailty status after ≥18 months of intervention. METHODS: 298 community-dwelling older adults (>70 years) participating in MIDFRAIL followed-up for 18-24 months were randomly allocated by trial site (cluster) to intervention IG (16-weeks resistance exercise program, nutritional-educational sessions, optimization of diabetes care), or usual care group (UCG). Frailty status was assessed by the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria at baseline and final visit. Functional status was assessed by the SPPB in every visit. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01654341). RESULTS: Mean age was 77.7 (SD 5.54), 47% were male, 32.9% frail and 67.1% prefrail. The probability of improving the frailty status and decreasing the number of Fried's frailty criteria was higher in the IG than in the UCG (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.3-5.4; p = 0.009 and OR 1.9; 95%CI 1.1-3.1; p = 0.02, respectively). IG participants more frequently improved ≥1 point in SPPB score (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.09-3.12; p = 0.022). These benefits were mainly accounted for the prefrail participants. CONCLUSIONS: The MIDFRAIL intervention improved frailty status and physical function at long-term follow-up in older people with T2D.

• Klíčová slova
• Clinical trial, Diabetes, Frailty, Functional impairment, Older people,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * terapie   MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení * metody   MeSH
• křehkost * MeSH
• křehký senior * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• odporový trénink * metody   MeSH
• samostatný způsob života MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná a funkční výkonnost * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH