The complexity of Neolithic population movements and their interpretation through material culture have been the subject of archaeological research for decades. One of the dominant narratives proposes that groups from the Starčevo-Körös-Criş complex spread from the central towards the northern Balkans in the Early Neolithic and eventually brought the Neolithic lifestyle into present-day Hungary. Broad geographical migrations were considered to shape the continuous expansion of Neolithic groups and individuals. However, recent archaeological research, aDNA, and isotope analyses challenged the synchronous appearance of specific material culture distributions and human movement dynamics through emphasizing communication networks and socio-cultural transformation processes. This paper seeks to retrace the complexity of Neolithic mobility patterns across Hungary by means of strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses, which were performed on a total of 718 human dental enamel samples from 55 Neolithic sites spanning the period from the Starčevo to the Balaton-Lasinja culture in Transdanubia and from the Körös to the Tiszapolgár cultural groups on the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). This study presents the largest strontium and oxygen isotope sample size for the Neolithic Carpathian Basin and discusses human mobility patterns on various geographical scales and throughout archaeological cultures, chronological periods, and sex and gender categories in a multiproxy analysis. Based on our results, we discuss the main stages of the Neolithisation processes and particularly trace individual movement behaviour such as exogamy patterns within extensive social networks. Furthermore, this paper presents an innovative differentiation between mobility patterns on small, micro-regional, and supra-regional scales, which provides new insights into the complex organisation of Neolithic communities.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• izotopové značení * MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stroncium analýza   MeSH
• velikost vzorku MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zubní sklovina chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• stroncium MeSH

Stable isotopes are used in wide fields of application from natural tracers in biology, geology and archeology through studies of metabolic fluxes to their application as tracers in quantitative proteomics and structural biology. We review the use of stable isotopes of biogenic elements (H, C, N, O, S, Mg, Se) with the emphasis on hydrogen and its heavy isotope deuterium. We will discuss the limitations of enriching various compounds in stable isotopes when produced in living organisms. Finally, we overview methods for measuring stable isotopes, focusing on methods for detection in single cells in situ and their exploitation in modern biotechnologies.

• Klíčová slova
• Algae, Carbon, Deuterium, Magnesium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Raman spectroscopy, Selenium, Stable isotopes, Sulfur,
• MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• Chlorophyta růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• deuterium aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• izotopové značení metody   MeSH
• izotopy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• rostliny účinky léků   MeSH
• savci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• deuterium MeSH
• izotopy MeSH

Stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O) of the water molecule were used to assess the relationship between precipitation, surface water and groundwater in a large Russia/Ukraine trans-boundary river basin. Precipitation was sampled from November 2013 to February 2015, and surface water and groundwater were sampled during high and low flow in 2014. A local meteoric water line was defined for the Ukrainian part of the basin. The isotopic seasonality in precipitation was evident with depletion in heavy isotopes in November-March and an enrichment in April-October, indicating continental and temperature effects. Surface water was enriched in stable water isotopes from upstream to downstream sites due to progressive evaporation. Stable water isotopes in groundwater indicated that recharge occurs mainly during winter and spring. A one-year data set is probably not sufficient to report the seasonality of groundwater recharge, but this survey can be used to identify the stable water isotopes framework in a weakly gauged basin for further hydrological and geochemical studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Groundwater, Russian Federation, Ukraine, hydrogen-2, hydrological processes, isotope hydrology, oxygen-18, precipitation, surface water,
• MeSH
• deuterium analýza   MeSH
• hydrologie metody   MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• podzemní voda analýza   chemie   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH
• Názvy látek
• deuterium MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• Oxygen-18 MeSH Prohlížeč

The Canary Islands, an archipelago east of Morocco's Atlantic coast, present steep altitudinal gradients covering various climatic zones from hot deserts to subalpine Mediterranean, passing through fog-influenced cloud forests. Unlike the majority of the Canarian flora, Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex DC. in Buch grow along most of these gradients, allowing the study of plant functioning in contrasting ecosystems. Here we assess the water sources (precipitation, fog) of P. canariensis and its physiological behavior in its different natural environments. We analyzed carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of water and organics from atmosphere, soil and different plant organs and tissues (including 10-year annual time series of tree-ring cellulose) of six sites from 480 to 1990 m above sea level on the Canary Island La Palma. We found a decreasing δ18O trend in source water that was overridden by an increasing δ18O trend in needle water, leaf assimilates and tree-ring cellulose with increasing altitude, suggesting site-specific tree physiological responses to relative humidity. Fog-influenced and fog-free sites showed similar δ13C values, suggesting photosynthetic activity to be limited by stomatal closure and irradiance at certain periods. In addition, we observed an 18O-depletion (fog-free and timberline sites) and 13C-depletion (fog-influenced and fog-free sites) in latewood compared with earlywood caused by seasonal differences in: (i) water uptake (i.e., deeper ground water during summer drought, fog water frequency and interception) and (ii) meteorological conditions (stem radial growth and latewood δ18O correlated with winter precipitation). In addition, we found evidence for foliar water uptake and strong isotopic gradients along the pine needle axis in water and assimilates. These gradients are likely the reason for an unexpected underestimation of pine needle water δ18O when applying standard leaf water δ18O models. Our results indicate that soil water availability and air humidity conditions are the main drivers of the physiological behavior of pine along the Canary Island's altitudinal gradients.

• Klíčová slova
• Pinus canariensis, Canary Islands, cloud forest, drought, relative humidity, stable isotopes, tree rings, vapor pressure deficit,
• MeSH
• borovice * MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku analýza   MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku analýza   MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku MeSH
• Oxygen-18 MeSH Prohlížeč
• voda * MeSH

Three decades have passed since the publication in 1991 of the first use of stable isotope analysis applied to a Brazilian archaeological context. Despite being still mainly applied to palaeodietary research, stable isotope analysis in archaeology has been diversified in Brazil. In the last five years, an increasing number of studies has addressed various issues. Such issues are related to population mobility, social differentiation, health and children care, changes and resilience of cultural practices, and identification of the origin of enslaved populations brought by force from the African continent, among others. However, research in this area is still incipient when compared to the large territory of Brazil (WGS 84: -33˚ to 5°N, -73˚ to -34˚E), the diversity of socio-cultural contexts of pre-colonial and indigenous societies, and the country's historical formation process. In terms of radiocarbon dates, data are also sparse and lack essential information as the material used for dating, as this information could be related to necessary corrections, e.g., the marine reservoir effect. The first radiocarbon dates of Brazilian archaeological material are reported, however, since the 1950s and have been more frequently reported in publications across Brazil since the installation of the first Brazilian radiocarbon laboratory (CENA/USP) in 1990 and the first Latin American 14C-AMS facility (LAC-UFF) in 2012. Thus, the purpose of this compilation was to gather all dispersed, and often fragmented, data from analyses of stable and radioactive (focusing on radiocarbon) isotopes carried out in Brazilian archaeological contexts. We compiled data from 1991 until the end of November 2021. The data included here contain information from 71 archaeological sites, 556 humans, 219 animals and 2 plants. Isotopic analyses were performed on 832 organic samples, mainly paired δ13C and δ15N plus δ34S measurements, and on 265 mineral samples, mainly δ13C, δ18O and 86Sr/87Sr measurements. Sr concentrations for 49 mineral samples were also compiled. Radiocarbon or relative dates span from 18 kyr BP to the present. All data from this compilation are deposited in open access on the IsoArcH platform (https://doi.isoarch.eu/doi/2021.005). This extensive work aims to point out the gaps in stable isotopes and radiocarbon dates provided for Brazilian archaeological contexts that could be further explored. Besides, it aims to promote easy access to numerous analyses that, otherwise, would be hard to obtain. Lastly, it seeks to broaden the interdisciplinary collaboration in Brazil and strengthen the international collaboration among peers.

• Klíčová slova
• Archaeology, Bioapatite, Brazil, Carbon, Collagen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Radiocarbon dating, Stable isotope analysis, Strontium,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Atalanti basin is an intensively cultivated area in central Greece, facing groundwater quality deterioration threats due to natural and anthropogenic-related contamination sources. A combination of statistical and hydrogeochemical techniques, and stable isotope compositions (δ2H-H2O and δ18Ο-Η2Ο, δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18Ο-ΝΟ3-, δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42-) were applied to elucidate the origin of salinity and nitrate contamination, and shed light on the potential associations between geogenic Cr(VI) and NO3- sources and transformations. Nitrate and Cr(VI) concentrations reached up to 337 mg L-1 and 76.1 μg L-1, respectively, exceeding WHO threshold values in places. The cluster of samples with the high salinity was mostly influenced by irrigation return flow and marine aerosols, and less by seawater intrusion, as evidenced by the ionic ratios (e.g., Na+/Cl-) and the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in water, and sulphur and oxygen in sulphates. The δ15Ν-ΝΟ3- and δ18O-NO3- values ranged from +2.0 ‰ to +14.5 ‰ and + 0.3 ‰ to +11.0 ‰, respectively. We found that the dominant sources of NO3- in groundwater were fertilizers in the central part of the area and sewage waste in the northern part around the residential area of Livanates. The occurrence of denitrification was evident in the northern part of the basin, where the DO levels were lowest (≤ 2.2 mg L-1), whereas nitrification of NH4+-fertilizers prevailed in the central part. Elevated Cr(VI) values (≥ 20 μg/l) were associated with the lowest deviation of the measured from the theoretical nitrification δ18Ο-NO3- values, whereas the lowest Cr(VI) values were observed in the denitrified water samples. Our isotope findings revealed the strong influence of redox conditions on the biogeochemical transformations of N species and the mobilization of Cr(VI) that will help improve the understanding of the fate of these contaminants from the unsaturated zone to the groundwater in areas of agricultural and urban land use.

• Klíčová slova
• Groundwater, Hexavalent chromium, Nitrate isotopes, Nitrification, Nitrogen transformations, Sulphate isotopes,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• dusičnany analýza   MeSH
• izotopy dusíku analýza   MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• podzemní voda * chemie   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• voda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• chromium hexavalent ion MeSH Prohlížeč
• dusičnany MeSH
• izotopy dusíku MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• voda MeSH

RATIONALE: Tracing isotopically labeled water into proteins allows for the detection of species-specific metabolic activity in complex communities. However, a stress response may alter the newly synthesized proteins. METHODS: We traced 18-oxygen from heavy water into proteins of Escherichia coli K12 grown from permissive to retardant temperatures. All samples were analyzed using UPLC/Orbitrap Q-Exactive-MS/MS operating in positive electrospray ionization mode. RESULTS: We found that warmer temperatures resulted in significantly (P-value < 0.05) higher incorporation of 18-oxygen as seen by both substrate utilization as relative isotope abundance (RIA) and growth as labeling ratio (LR). However, the absolute number of peptides with incorporation of 18-oxygen showed no significant correlation to temperature, potentially caused by the synthesis of different proteins at low temperatures, namely, proteins related to cold stress response. CONCLUSIONS: Our results unveil the species-specific cold stress response of E. coli K12 that could be misinterpreted as general growth; this is why the quantity as RIA and LR but also the quality as absolute number of peptides with incorporation (relative abundance, RA) and their function must be considered to fully understand the activity of microbial communities.

• MeSH
• Escherichia coli K12 * chemie   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• izotopové značení metody   MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli * analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• reakce na chladový šok fyziologie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy kyslíku * MeSH
• Oxygen-18 MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny z Escherichia coli * MeSH

The importance of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree-ring-based climate reconstructions is increasingly recognized, especially in regions where traditional dendrochronological parameters, such as tree-ring width, usually fail. However, the effects of elevation and other site conditions on climate signals in tree-ring stable isotope (TRSI) chronologies remain unclear. Here, we assess the sensitivities to precipitation and drought of tree-ring width (TRW) and δ13C and δ18O TRSI chronologies of 136 living oaks (Quercus spp.) from five different elevational zones between 130 and 630 m asl in eastern Slovakia. Our results show that while the mean δ13C values were stable across the elevational gradient, TRW gradually decreased with increasing elevation, and the mean δ18O values significantly differed between the lower and higher sites. Despite these variations, we observed strong coherency among all the elevation-specific TRW and TRSI chronologies. We also found that mainly mid-May to July precipitation and mid-May to August drought controlled TRW and the δ13C values, whereas the δ18O reflected an overall lower climate signal. Our results show a relatively stable drought signal across the elevational range, with shorter seasonal response windows at higher elevations. Furthermore, our study indicates that carbon TRSI and TRW oak chronologies capture distinct summer drought signals independently of elevation and therefore have a strong paleoclimatic potential across eastern Europe.

• Klíčová slova
• Dendrochronology, Eastern Europe, Hydroclimate, Paleoclimate, Stable isotopes, Tree rings,
• MeSH
• dub (rod) * MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku analýza   MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku * analýza   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nadmořská výška * MeSH
• období sucha * MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• izotopy uhlíku * MeSH

Present and future climatic trends are expected to markedly alter water fluxes and stores in the hydrologic cycle. In addition, water demand continues to grow due to increased human use and a growing population. Sustainably managing water resources requires a thorough understanding of water storage and flow in natural, agricultural, and urban ecosystems. Measurements of stable isotopes of water (hydrogen and oxygen) in the water cycle (atmosphere, soils, plants, surface water, and groundwater) can provide information on the transport pathways, sourcing, dynamics, ages, and storage pools of water that is difficult to obtain with other techniques. However, the potential of these techniques for practical questions has not been fully exploited yet. Here, we outline the benefits and limitations of potential applications of stable isotope methods useful to water managers, farmers, and other stakeholders. We also describe several case studies demonstrating how stable isotopes of water can support water management decision-making. Finally, we propose a workflow that guides users through a sequence of decisions required to apply stable isotope methods to examples of water management issues. We call for ongoing dialogue and a stronger connection between water management stakeholders and water stable isotope practitioners to identify the most pressing issues and develop best-practice guidelines to apply these techniques.

• Klíčová slova
• Agricultural management, Climate change, Forest management, Stable isotopes of water, Stakeholders, Water resources management,
• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• izotopy analýza   MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• ochrana vodních zdrojů metody   MeSH
• podzemní voda chemie   MeSH
• vodní zdroje MeSH
• zemědělství * metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy MeSH

Explaining species geographic distributions by macroclimate variables is the most common approach for getting mechanistic insights into large-scale diversity patterns and range shifts. However, species' traits influencing biophysical processes can produce a large decoupling from ambient air temperature, which can seriously undermine biogeographical inference. We combined stable oxygen isotope theory with a trait-based approach to assess leaf temperature during carbon assimilation (TL ) and its departure (ΔT) from daytime free air temperature during the growing season (Tgs ) for 158 plant species occurring from 3,400 to 6,150 m a.s.l. in Western Himalayas. We uncovered a general extent of temperature decoupling in the region. The interspecific variation in ΔT was best explained by the combination of plant height and δ13 C, and leaf dry matter content partly captured the variation in TL . The combination of TL and ΔT, with ΔT contributing most, explained the interspecific difference in elevational distributions. Stable oxygen isotope theory appears promising for investigating how plants perceive temperatures, a pivotal information to species biogeographic distributions.

• Klíčová slova
• biophysical traits, carbon stable isotope ratio, decoupling, leaf dry matter content, mountain, oxygen stable isotope ratio, plant height, temperature,
• MeSH
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• listy rostlin * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izotopy kyslíku MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH