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The effect of tetanus toxin on spontaneous motor activity was studied in chick embryos between the 11th and 19th day of incubation. The toxin--dose 20 mg/kg egg weight ( = 2.86 X 10(3) mouse MLD) in 25 microliters isotonic NaCl solution--was injected into the tibial or the wing muscles. Tetanus toxin induced demonstrable activation of embryonic motility from the 15th day of incubation onwards. Activation attained 155-200% of resting activity. The activating effect was manifested for the first time by motor paroxysms in 17-day and particularly 19-day embryos. Tetanus toxin activation was effectively depressed by glycine (100 mg/kg e.w.) and GABA (100 mg/kg e.w.), the former having a stronger effect than the latter. The effect of tetanus toxin on spinal embryos was relatively more pronounced, while the depressant effect of the inhibitory amino acids (especially glycine) was weaker. The results are evaluated as further evidence that central inhibitory mechanisms are connected up in regulation of the spontaneous motor output activity of chick embryos on about the 15th day of incubation.

MeSH
časové faktory MeSH
centrální nervový systém účinky léků embryologie MeSH
GABA farmakologie MeSH
glycin farmakologie MeSH
kuřecí embryo MeSH
pohybová aktivita účinky léků MeSH
tetanový toxin antagonisté a inhibitory farmakologie MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
kuřecí embryo MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
Názvy látek
GABA MeSH
glycin MeSH
tetanový toxin MeSH

Článek

Sudorozhnyi porog v techenie tetanotoksinnogo otravleniia, kak indikator funktsional'nogo sostoianiia tsentral'noi nervnois sistemy
[Convulsion threshold during tetanus toxin poisoning as the index of the functional state of the central nervous system]

Chekhoslovatskaia fiziologiia. 1954 ; 3 (4) : 432-6.

Chekh Fiziol
Chekhoslovatskaia fiziologiia | Chekh Fiziol
Zdroj

Klíčová slova
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM/physiology *, CONVULSIONS/physiology *, TETANUS *,
MeSH
biologické toxiny * MeSH
centrální nervový systém fyziologie MeSH
nervový systém - fyziologické jevy * MeSH
tetanový toxin * MeSH
tetanový toxoid * MeSH
tetanus * MeSH
záchvaty fyziologie MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
Názvy látek
biologické toxiny * MeSH
tetanový toxin * MeSH
tetanový toxoid * MeSH

Článek

A few remarks on the preparation of tetanus toxin and toxoid on casein hydrolysate medium

Journal of hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology. 1968 ; 12 (3) : 324-34.

J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol
ISSN 0022-1732
Zdroj

MeSH
Clostridium tetani růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
kaseiny MeSH
kultivační média analýza MeSH
metody MeSH
myši MeSH
tetanový toxin analýza antagonisté a inhibitory izolace a purifikace MeSH
tetanový toxoid izolace a purifikace MeSH
věkové faktory MeSH
zmrazování MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
myši MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
Názvy látek
kaseiny MeSH
kultivační média MeSH
tetanový toxin MeSH
tetanový toxoid MeSH

Článek

New concepts on tetanus immunization: naturally acquired immunity

were made on misinterpretations concerning the natural resistance and natural immunization against tetanus ...

Journal of hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology. 1975 ; 19 (1) : 126-34.

J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol
ISSN 0022-1732
Zdroj

Comments were made on misinterpretations concerning the natural resistance and natural immunization against tetanus. Arguments were given explaining why the disease itself did not determine adequate immunity. When, however, adequate conditions appear, tetanus toxin is known to stimulate the immune system and produce detectable humoral antibodies. Various possibilities resulting from the postulated harboring of tetanus bacilli by the human body and their eventual toxin production were analyzed and related to the human tetanus pathology. The existence of natural immunization was unquestionably demonstrated by presence of protective levels of tetanus antitoxin in the blood of the majority of 59 surveyed subjects considering that none of them had ever received any tetanus toxoid and most of them never received a single shot of any drug. The results of this survey originated a few arguments that may support the answer to some still intriguing phenomenona such as: 1. The relatively small number of cases of overt disease among people and animals born and living in large tetanus-risk regions all over the world. 2. The existence of "poor responders" and "good responders" to the primary tetanus toxoid stimulus. 3. The age distribution of tetanus showing evident prevalence among newborns and children. 4. The wide individual variations in the clinical picture of human tetanus as indicated by the localization and limitation of the symptoms and their severity.

MeSH
anaerobióza MeSH
buněčná imunita MeSH
Clostridium tetani imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
dítě MeSH
dospělí MeSH
imunizace MeSH
isoprotilátky analýza MeSH
kojenec MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
novorozenec MeSH
předškolní dítě MeSH
půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
sekundární imunizace MeSH
senioři MeSH
skot MeSH
tetanový antitoxin analýza MeSH
tetanový toxin MeSH
tetanus imunologie MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
dítě MeSH
dospělí MeSH
kojenec MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
novorozenec MeSH
předškolní dítě MeSH
senioři MeSH
skot MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
Názvy látek
isoprotilátky MeSH
tetanový antitoxin MeSH
tetanový toxin MeSH

Článek

Dissociation Between the Epileptogenic Lesion and Primary Seizure Onset Zone in the Tetanus Toxin Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Epilepsy was induced by injecting a minute dose of tetanus toxin into the right dorsal hippocampus in ...

Physiological research. 2024 Jul 17 ; 73 (3) : 435-447.

Physiol Res
ISSN 1802-9973 | 0862-8408
Zdroj

Despite extensive temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) research, understanding the specific limbic structures' roles in seizures remains limited. This weakness can be attributed to the complex nature of TLE and the existence of various TLE subsyndromes, including non-lesional TLE. Conventional TLE models like kainate and pilocarpine hinder precise assessment of the role of individual limbic structures in TLE ictogenesis due to widespread limbic damage induced by the initial status epilepticus. In this study, we used a non-lesional TLE model characterized by the absence of initial status and cell damage to determine the spatiotemporal profile of seizure initiation and limbic structure recruitment in TLE. Epilepsy was induced by injecting a minute dose of tetanus toxin into the right dorsal hippocampus in seven animals. Following injection, animals were implanted with bipolar recording electrodes in the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, ventral hippocampus, piriform, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices of both hemispheres. The animals were video-EEG monitored for four weeks. In total, 140 seizures (20 seizures per animal) were analyzed. The average duration of each seizure was 53.2+/-3.9 s. Seizure could initiate in any limbic structure. Most seizures initiated in the ipsilateral (41 %) and contralateral (18 %) ventral hippocampi. These two structures displayed a significantly higher probability of seizure initiation than by chance. The involvement of limbic structures in seizure initiation varied between individual animals. Surprisingly, only 7 % of seizures initiated in the injected dorsal hippocampus. The limbic structure recruitment into the seizure activity wasn't random and displayed consistent patterns of early recruitment of hippocampi and entorhinal cortices. Although ventral hippocampus represented the primary seizure onset zone, the study demonstrated the involvement of multiple limbic structures in seizure initiation in a non-lesional TLE model. The study also revealed the dichotomy between the primary epileptogenic lesion and main seizure onset zones and points to the central role of ventral hippocampi in temporal lobe ictogenesis.