Trichodina centrostrigeata Basson, Van As et Paperna, 1983 from Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and O. niloticus (Linnaeus) from different host populations from Argentina, Mexico and South Africa was reviewed. Although T. centrostrigeata has a distinct denticle structure that makes morphological taxonomic inferences uncomplicated, variation of the denticles within and among individuals and populations were still observed. While traditional taxonomy of mobilines is heavily reliant on morphometrics, and recently even more so on molecular analysis, this paper proposes the use of geometric morphometry, specifically elliptical Fourier analysis, to address morphological conflicts that arise when comparing different populations. By applying this technique, combined with traditional taxonomy, it was found that T. centrostrigeata in this study can be grouped into two separate morphotypes, the first (type a) from aquaculture farms in Argentina and Mexico and the second (type b) from a natural habitat in Glen Alpine Dam, South Africa. This study supports the validity of geometric morphometry as an additional technique to distinguish not only between species but also evolutionary plasticity of the same species from different localities and habitats.

• Klíčová slova
• Ciliates, Fourier analysis, Trichodinidae, geometric morphometry, morphology,
• MeSH
• cichlidy * parazitologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Tilapia * genetika   MeSH
• žábry parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Argentina epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: A new method of early neonatal cheiloplasty has recently been employed on patients having complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP). We aimed to investigate (1) their detailed palatal morphology before surgery and growth during the 10 months after neonatal cheiloplasty, (2) the growth of eight dimensions of the maxilla in these patients, (3) the development of these dimensions compared with published data on noncleft controls and on cUCLP patients operated using later operation protocol (LOP; 6 months of age). METHODS: Sixty-six virtual dental models of 33 longitudinally evaluated cUCLP patients were analysed using metric analysis, a dense correspondence model, and multivariate statistics. We compared the palatal surfaces before neonatal cheiloplasty (mean age, 4 days) and before palatoplasty (mean age, 10 months). RESULTS: The palatal form variability of 10-month-old children was considerably reduced during the observed period thanks to their undisturbed growth, that is, the palate underwent the same growth changes following neonatal cheiloplasty. A detailed colour-coded map identified the most marked growth at the anterior and posterior ends of both segments. The maxilla of cUCLP patients after neonatal cheiloplasty had a growth tendency similar to noncleft controls (unlike LOP). CONCLUSIONS: Both methodological approaches showed that early neonatal cheiloplasty in cUCLP patients did not prevent forward growth of the upper jaw segments and did not reduce either the length or width of the maxilla during the first 10 months of life.

• Klíčová slova
• 3-D geometric morphometry, Early neonatal cheiloplasty, Palatal growth, Traditional morphometry, Unilateral cleft lip and palate,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila růst a vývoj   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• patro růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rozštěp patra chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu chirurgie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

UNLABELLED: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with obstructive sleep apnoe-hypopnoe syndrome (OSAHS) is higher than in matched population. The aim of the study was to analyse, whether high prevalence of risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with OSAHS can explaine their higher cardiovascular morbidity. METHODS: 2 groups of 33 males with moderate OSAHS and 16 males without OSAHS were subdivided into subgroups of apparently healthy subjects, hypertonics and patients with coronary artery disease. We compared the presence of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis (age, hyperlipoproteinaemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, smoking habit, obesity, family history), compensation of metabolic risk factors, morphometry of the heart, haemodynamic parameters, markers of atherosclerosis, microalbuminuria and some respiratory parameters. RESULTS: Patients with/without OSAHS had a comparable risk profile at all grades of cardiovascular pathology, they differed only in respiratory parameters (characteristic for OSAHS). Moreover, OSAHS patients without cardiovascular diseases vs. matched non OSAHS subjects had higher thickness of posterior wall of the left ventricule (9.73 +/- 1.17 vs 8.29 +/- 1.38 mm, p < 0.04), intima-media thickness of carotid artery (0.83 +/- 0.14 vs 0.63 +/- 0.08 mm, p < 0.001) and OSAHS patients with hypertension vs non OSAHS hypertonics presented higher dimension of right ventricule (28.4 +/- 2.7 vs 26.25 +/- 0.96 mm, p < 0.02), and left ventricule (47.6 +/- 3.3 vs 43.75 +/- 0.96 mm, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with OSAHS had severe atherosclerosis and worse morphological alteration of the heart compared to subjects without OSAHS. According to comparable presence and possibility of sufficient control of risk factors, OSAHS can be considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, this statement has to be further confirmed in prospective studies.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• polysomnografie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Instrumentation of the lateral mass of atlas via posterior arch attachment (PALMS) is a method that, unlike the traditional direct screw insertion into the lateral mass, prevents damage to the periarticular venous plexus and C2 nerve root. The method itself may be, however, limited by the anatomical situation. The small cranio-caudal pedicle dimension may lead to vertebral artery damage. The aim of this study was to use morphometric examination of CT findings from the healthy population to evaluate theoretical feasibility of this technique in a randomly selected population sample. METHODS: Morphometric measurements determining dimensions of C1 pedicle at the site of expected screw insertion were performed on reformatted parasagittal CT scans of 42 healthy probands. Using the software of the Jivex browser, we measured the minimum height of posterior arch insertion under the vertebral artery groove and evaluated the possibility of introducing 3.5 mm and 4 mm screws. RESULTS: The mean minimum height of the critical segment was calculated as 4.29 mm (left insertion 4.28 mm, right insertion 4.31 mm, range 3.02-5.62 mm). Despite the highest size in a female and the lowest in a male, the male population showed larger bone stock (mean of 4.71 mm: left connection 4.70 mm, right connection 4.71 mm) than the female one (mean of 4.29 mm: left 4.28 mm, right 4.31 mm). Overall, we found 59.5% insertions higher than 4 mm and 86.9% arch connections bigger than 3.5 mm. CONCLUSION: The anatomical situation allows inserting at least a 3.5mm diameter screw in a vast majority of cases. The posterior arch attachment point thus seems to be a suitable anatomical target for instrumentation of C1 lateral mass. Nevertheless, individual presurgical planning and intraoperative spinal navigation should be implemented, as well.

• Klíčová slova
• atlas, internal fixation, lateral mass, morphometry, surgical treatment,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• fúze páteře * MeSH
• kostní šrouby MeSH
• krční obratle MeSH
• páteř MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hippocampal dysfunction is associated with early clinical signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the limited availability or invasiveness of current biomarkers, the AD diagnosis is usually based on cognitive assessment and structural brain imaging. The recent study by Lalive and colleagues examined the specificity of brain morphometry for the AD diagnosis in a memory clinic cohort with hippocampal-type amnestic syndrome. The results indicate that memory deficits and hippocampal atrophy are similar in AD and non-AD patients, highlighting their low diagnostic specificity. These findings challenge the traditional AD diagnosis and underscore the need for biomarkers to differentiate specific neuropathological entities.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, cerebrospinal fluid, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, mild cognitive impairment, positron emission tomography, primary age-related tauopathy, subjective cognitive decline, suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology,
• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * diagnóza   MeSH
• atrofie patologie   MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery * MeSH