INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this study was to assess the amount and long-term stability of orthodontically created bone in patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors after canine distalization. The secondary aim was to explore the impact of patient age on the process of alveolar bone resorption. METHODS: A group of patients with agenesis of the maxillary permanent lateral incisor was examined at 4 time points: the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T1, n = 80), the end of treatment (T2, n = 80), 2-5 years after treatment (T3, n = 79), and 12-15 years after treatment (T4, n = 32). The width of the edentulous alveolar bone was measured from study casts at the level of the bone ridge (point A) and 5 mm apically from the alveolar ridge (point B). Alveolar ridge height was also recorded using panoramic radiographs at all time points. Paired t tests, 2-sample t tests, Friedman test with Bonferroni correction, Spearman`s correlation, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The alveolar ridge width was reduced by an average of 0.44 mm at point A and 0.47 mm at point B during the 12-15 years after treatment (T2-T4) and by 0.21 mm and 0.19 mm during the last 10 years (T3-T4). The alveolar ridge height was reduced by 0.59 mm between T2 and T4 and by 0.05 mm between T3 and T4. All reductions in ridge width and height were statistically significant (P <0.05). However, no significant correlation was observed between patient age and changes in alveolar bone parameters (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the reductions in alveolar ridge dimensions were statistically significant, the orthodontically created bone after canine distalization remained stable 12-15 years after treatment in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Patient age did not significantly influence alveolar bone changes.

• MeSH
• anodoncie * terapie   MeSH
• čelist bezzubá * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• osteogeneze * fyziologie   MeSH
• posun zubů * metody   MeSH
• processus alveolaris * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika panoramatická MeSH
• resorpce alveolární kosti etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• řezáky * abnormality   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Crestal placement of short plateau implants in compromised jaws may cause implant failure due to bone overstress. The aim was to evaluate the impact of different sized implants on adjacent bone overload and the implant load-bearing ability in terms of the proposed index-ultimate functional load (UFL). Three-dimensional models of osseointegrated implants placed in types III and IV bone were analysed by the FEM for the case of patient-specific variations in cortical bone elasticity modulus. Maximum von Mises stresses in surrounding bone were calculated and compared with the cortical and cancellous bone ultimate strength characteristics to determine the UFL index for the studied implants. The implant UFL magnitudes were influenced by their dimensions, bone elasticity, and quality. The implant load-bearing ability was predetermined by cancellous bone strength. The maxilla with moderate elasticity modulus allows for the placement of wide short screwless implants in the compromised maxilla molar site with good clinical perspective.

• Klíčová slova
• FEM, bone quality, plateau implant, stress analysis, ultimate strength,
• MeSH
• analýza metodou konečných prvků MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * chirurgie   MeSH
• mechanický stres MeSH
• modul pružnosti MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• zubní implantáty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• zubní implantáty * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated maxillary growth and dental arch relationships at 5 and 10 years of age in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who underwent early cleft lip and palate surgery. METHODS: 28 patients with UCLP who underwent cleft lip surgery in neonatal age and cleft palate surgery at average age of 7 months without orthodontic treatment (intervention group) were measured for intercanine and intermolar distances and for dental arch length. These measurements were compared with those of 30 healthy participants in a control group. Dental arch relationships in the intervention group were evaluated by 5-YO index at 5 years and the GOSLON Yardstick score at 10 years of patients' age. RESULTS: Patients in the intervention group had significantly shorter mean intercanine distance and arch length than control patients at both 5 and 10 years of age (p<.001 for all). There were no significant differences in intermolar distance at both 5 (p = .945) and 10 years (p = .105) of patients' age. The average 5YO index increased from 2.46 to an average GOSLON 10-year score of 2.89 in intervention group. CONCLUSION: Intercanine distance and dental arch length of patients with UCLP are significantly reduced at 5 and 10 years after early cleft lip and palate surgeries compared to the healthy population. Dental arch relationships at 5 and 10 years of patients with UCLP show comparable outcomes to those reported by other cleft centers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study evaluates maxillary growth in UCLP patients 5 and 10 years of age who underwent early primary lip and palate surgery.

• Klíčová slova
• 5YO index, Cleft lip and palate, Dental arch relationship, GOSLON, Neonatal cleft lip surgery,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * chirurgie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• maxilofaciální vývoj MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rozštěp patra * chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu * chirurgie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zubní oblouk * růst a vývoj   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: This 20-year retrospective study aimed to evaluate the treatment methods used in patients with impacted maxillary permanent canines and to determine the occurrence of ankylotic and resorptive processes and their association with potential risk factors. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 351 consecutive Caucasian patients (120 males and 231 females, mean age 18.4 and 19.9 years, respectively) with 420 impacted maxillary permanent canines. CT and CBCT findings were subsequently confirmed during surgery. Statistical analyses were performed by the generalized linear models, Pearson x2 and Fisher exact tests using the statistical programs R and Statistica v. 14. RESULTS: A total of 273 (65.0%) impacted canines were aligned in the dental arch by orthodontic traction after surgical exposure, this treatment was predominant in patients under 20 years of age. Surgical extraction was performed in 115 (27.2%) impacted canines and was more common in older patients. Ankylotic changes were recorded in 61 (14.5%) impacted canines. The probability of ankylosis increased with age, particularly after the patient's 20th year of life (p < 0.001). Patients were 1.2% likely to develop ankylosis at age 15 years, 4.3% at age 20 years, 14.1% at age 25 years, and 96.8% at age 45 years. Invasive cervical root resorption (ICRR) was found in 8 (1.9%) canines. In 4 canines (1.0%), root ankylosis in addition to ICRR was observed. In contrast to ankylosis, whose frequency of occurrence increased with age, the occurrence of ICRR resulting from PDL damage during surgery was more typical in younger patients. Canines in a high position above the root apices of the adjacent teeth, with a horizontal inclination of the longitudinal axis, with the crown located deep in the center of the alveolar bone and with labiopalatal position, should be considered critically impacted canines with a high risk to failure of orthodontic traction. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the treatment of impacted canines depends mainly on the age of the patient, and the position and inclination of the longitudinal axis of the impacted tooth. To select an adequate treatment method, we recommend CBCT examination, which allows a precise analysis of the position of impacted canines.

• Klíčová slova
• Ankylosis, Autotransplantation, CBCT, Impacted canines, Invasive cervical root resorption, Orthodontic treatment, Replacement root resorption, Surgical extraction,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extrakce zubů MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ortodontická extruze metody   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• počítačová tomografie s kuželovým svazkem * MeSH
• resorpce zubního kořene diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• špičák * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zaklíněný zub * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• zubní ankylóza * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to collect and present all the available evidence regarding avascular maxillary necrosis following maxillary osteotomy for orthognathic surgery. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane Library dataset in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. We included studies that report on avascular maxillary necrosis after any maxillary osteotomy used in the frame of orthognathic surgery. RESULTS: Sixteen studies reporting a total of 65 patients with postoperative avascular maxillary necrosis were included. Those reported avascular necrosis in 32 female patients and 19 male patients. Multisegmented Le Fort I osteotomy was the most common type of related operation amongst the patients followed by single segment Le Fort I osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although avascular maxillary necrosis is a very rare complication after maxillary orthognathic surgery it can be complicated with partial / complete loss of the maxilla. A personalized selection of the surgical technique should be made for any patient. Caution is warranted in cleft patients and in patients undergoing multisegmented Le Fort I osteotomies, so that the vitality of the maxilla and especially its anterior part is preserved. In the case when avascular necrosis arises, management should be immediate and precise. As for the reconstruction, it needs to be tailored according to the maxillary defect.

• Klíčová slova
• Le Fort, Maxilla, avascular necrosis, orthognathic,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * chirurgie   MeSH
• ortognátní chirurgické výkony * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• osteonekróza * chirurgie   etiologie   MeSH
• osteotomie Le Fortova škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: Central incisor impaction is a rare condition with potentially severe clinical and psychological implications for the patient. Treatment techniques vary according to the pretreatment situation and individual factors. The aim of this study was to compare the esthetic outcomes and treatment times between two different approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, thirty-one consecutive patients (13 boys, 18 girls; average age 9.5 ± 2.3 years) with a total of 34 impacted permanent upper central incisors were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to method of treatment. Group A comprised patients in whom spontaneous eruption occurred after space opening (n = 12), and Group B comprised patients in whom teeth showed no eruption and required treatment with a modified closed eruption method with palatally oriented traction (n = 19). Treatment time and esthetic outcomes were assessed and compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean treatment time was 22.0 ± 6.7 months, and all teeth were successfully aligned. No statistically significant difference in average treatment time was found between groups in baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). The amount of attached gingiva was significantly smaller when compared to contralateral reference teeth in the closed eruption group (Group B; p = 0.03). However, no difference in amount of attached gingiva was found between both groups (p = 0.26). Additionally, no difference in the clinical crown length was found between groups (p = 0.27). CONCLUSION: The closed eruption method with palatal traction directed at the peak of the alveolar crest provided results comparable to the physiologic tooth eruption.

• Klíčová slova
• Active traction, Attached gingiva, Central incisor, Closed eruption, Spontaneous eruption, Tooth impaction,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila MeSH
• prořezávání zubů * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• řezáky MeSH
• trakce MeSH
• zaklíněný zub * terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: Craniofacial growth demonstrates significant variation and is difficult to predict. The aim of the present investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the association (covariation) between craniofacial shape at pre- and post-adolescence and (2) to evaluate if pre-adolescent craniofacial shape is related (covaries) with growth magnitude and direction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects (86 males and 64 females) untreated orthodontically were selected from AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Each subject had cephalograms taken before 9 (pre-adolescent stage) and after 15 years of age (post-adolescent). Fourteen curves comprising 123 points (10 fixed and 113 sliding semilandmarks) comprehensively covering the craniofacial skeleton were digitally traced on each cephalogram. Procrustes alignment, principal component analysis, 2-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis, and regression analysis were done after sliding the semilandmarks to minimize bending energy. RESULTS: The first 16 principal components (PCs) were non-trivial and explained 85.2% of total shape variability in the sample. PC1 depicted mainly variability in the vertical direction, PC2 represented mostly variability in the saddle angle and in the antero-posterior position of the mandible, and PC3 depicted primarily variability of the mandibular shape (steep versus flat mandibular plane). The covariation between pre- and post-adolescent facial shape was statistically significant, both in the pooled sample (RV coefficient = 0.604) and in boys (RV = 0.639) and girls (RV = 0.629). The pre-adolescent shape was weakly associated with the magnitude of facial change-2-block PLS analysis demonstrated that blocks 1 and 2 were independent (P = 0.118, RV = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex explained approximately 60% of the post-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex; however, the relationship between pre-adolescent shape of the craniofacial complex and magnitude of its change was weak.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• kefalometrie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula * MeSH
• maxila * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Proteomic characterization of alveolar bones in oral surgery represents an analytical challenge due to their insoluble character. The implementation of a straightforward technique could lead to the routine use of proteomics in this field. This work thus developed a simple technique for the characterization of bone tissue for human maxillary and mandibular bones. It is based on the direct in-bone tryptic digestion of proteins in both healthy and pathological human maxillary and mandibular bone samples. The released peptides were then identified by the LC-MS/MS. Using this approach, a total of 1120 proteins were identified in the maxillary bone and 1151 proteins in the mandibular bone. The subsequent partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) of protein data made it possible to reach 100% discrimination between the samples of healthy alveolar bones and those of the bone tissue surrounding the inflammatory focus. These results indicate that the in-bone protein digestion followed by the LC-MS/MS and subsequent statistical analysis can provide a deeper insight into the field of oral surgery at the molecular level. Furthermore, it could also have a diagnostic potential in the differentiation between the proteomic patterns of healthy and pathological alveolar bone tissue. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD026775.

• Klíčová slova
• In-bone protein digestion, LC-MS/MS, Mandibular bone, Maxillary bone, Oral surgery, Peptide mapping,
• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula * metabolismus   MeSH
• maxila * metabolismus   MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• proteiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• proteolýza MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• stomatochirurgické výkony * MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• trypsin metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• peptidy MeSH
• proteiny * MeSH
• trypsin MeSH

An anterior open bite (AOB) is an occlusal disorder that causes the patient both an aesthetic and functional handicap. The lower third of the face is disproportionately larger. Patients are unable to properly occlude with the anterior part of dental arch and occlusion only happens in the premolar and/or molar regions. An anterior open bite may be the result of anatomical anomalies. Long term stability as well as an immediate outcome of the surgery depends on the choice of a suitable treatment strategy. In this article, we review options of AOB treatment, from classical orthodontic treatment to current combined orthodontic and surgical approach with a benefit of an anchor system.

• Klíčová slova
• Le Fort I osteotomy, Orthodontics, anchor systems, anterior open bite, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), bimaxillary segmental osteotomy, combined orthodontic-surgical therapy, result stability, transversal expansion,
• MeSH
• kefalometrie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• osteotomie Le Fortova MeSH
• otevřený skus * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: To compare bony nasolacrimal duct anatomy between ethnic groups. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of patients of four ethnic groups who had high-resolution CTs between 2004 and 2019 covering the full length of their nasolacrimal ducts in two hospitals in Essex, England. Only normal ducts were included; patients with tearing or radiological abnormalities were excluded. Measurements were taken of the nasolacrimal duct and surrounding anatomy based on measurements found in the existing literature. RESULTS: More females (n = 114) than males (n = 40) were included. South Asian (Indian subcontinent), Afro-Caribbean and European groups were equivocal demographically (n = 25-29, mean age 40-45); however, the Oriental group was fewer in number (n = 13) and slightly older (mean age 51). South Asian and European ducts had no significant differences. Afro-Caribbean ducts were wider and shorter than European. Afro-Caribbean faces are wider and their noses flatter and wider than European. Oriental ducts were wider and longer than European, but Europeans have taller noses. CONCLUSION: The results from our Oriental group fits with the published data in Orientals. The bony nasolacrimal duct is greater in calibre (inner diameter) if the patient is of Afro-Caribbean or Oriental origin compared to European or South Asian. Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction in Afro-Caribbean or Oriental patients may be more likely due to secondary causes.

• Klíčová slova
• Primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction, Radiological anatomy,
• MeSH
• Asijci MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ductus nasolacrimalis anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nosní skořepy anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• obstrukce slzovodu etiologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• rasové skupiny MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH