OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional analysis from the CZecking Heart Failure in patients with advanced Chronic Kidney Disease trial (ISRCTN18275480) examined pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling in patients on chronic hemodialysis. The aims of this analysis were: 1. To analyze relations between pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling with dialysis access flow and current hydration; 2. To analyze structural heart changes associated with right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling; 3. To reveal the prevalence, etiology and severity of pulmonary hypertension in the Czech hemodialysis population. METHODS: We performed expert echocardiography, vascular access flow measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and laboratory testing in 336 hemodialysis patients. RESULTS: Pulmonary hypertension was present in 34% (114/336) patients and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling was present in 25% of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Only weak associations between the flow of the dialysis arteriovenous access and estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling was proved. There was a strong association between hydration status assessed by estimated central venous pressure with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (Rho 0.6, p < 0.0001) and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling (Rho -0.52, p < 0.0001) and association between overhydration to extracellular water ratio with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (Rho 0.31, p = 0.0001) and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling (Rho -0.29, p = 0.002). The prevalence of heart failure was significantly higher in patients with right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling (88% vs. 52%, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that optimizing volume status and treating heart failure should be prioritized in hemodialysis patients to prevent pulmonary hypertension progression and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling.

• Keywords
• Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling, arteriovenous access flow, chronic hemodialysis, fluid overload, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension,
• MeSH
• Pulmonary Artery * physiopathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Kidney Failure, Chronic * therapy   complications   MeSH
• Renal Dialysis * adverse effects   MeSH
• Echocardiography MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hypertension, Pulmonary * physiopathology   epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Heart Ventricles * physiopathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

The generation of a large amount of ground truth data is an essential bottleneck for the application of deep learning-based approaches to plant image analysis. In particular, the generation of accurately labeled images of various plant types at different developmental stages from multiple renderings is a laborious task that substantially extends the time required for AI model development and adaptation to new data. Here, generative adversarial networks (GANs) can potentially offer a solution by enabling widely automated synthesis of realistic images of plant and background structures. In this study, we present a two-stage GAN-based approach to generation of pairs of RGB and binary-segmented images of greenhouse-grown plant shoots. In the first stage, FastGAN is applied to augment original RGB images of greenhouse-grown plants using intensity and texture transformations. The augmented data were then employed as additional test sets for a Pix2Pix model trained on a limited set of 2D RGB images and their corresponding binary ground truth segmentation. This two-step approach was evaluated on unseen images of different greenhouse-grown plants. Our experimental results show that the accuracy of GAN predicted binary segmentation ranges between 0.88 and 0.95 in terms of the Dice coefficient. Among several loss functions tested, Sigmoid Loss enables the most efficient model convergence during the training achieving the highest average Dice Coefficient scores of 0.94 and 0.95 for Arabidopsis and maize images. This underscores the advantages of employing tailored loss functions for the optimization of model performance.

• Keywords
• Deep learning, Generative adversarial network (GAN), Ground truth data generation, High-throughput greenhouse imaging, Image segmentation, Plant phenotyping,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: We previously proposed two cell-free (cf) DNA-based scores (genome-wide Z-score and nucleosome score) as candidate non-invasive biomarkers to further improve the presurgical diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. We aimed to investigate the added value of these cfDNA-based scores in combination with the clinical and ultrasound predictors of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model to estimate the risk of ovarian malignancy. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 526 patients with an adnexal mass scheduled for surgery were recruited consecutively in three oncology referral centers. All patients underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination, and adnexal masses were described according to the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis terms and definitions. cfDNA was extracted from preoperative plasma samples and genome-wide Z-scores and nucleosome scores were calculated. Logistic regression models were fitted for ADNEX predictors alone and after inclusion of the cfDNA-based scores. We report likelihood ratios, area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and net benefit for thresholds between 5% and 40%, to assess the diagnostic performance of the models in discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian masses. RESULTS: The study included 272 benign, 86 borderline, 36 Stage-I invasive, 113 Stage-II-IV invasive, and 19 secondary metastatic tumors. The likelihood ratios for adding the cfDNA-based scores to the ADNEX model were statistically significant (P < 0.001 for ADNEX without CA 125; P = 0.001 for ADNEX including CA 125). The accompanying increases in AUC were 0.013 when the cfDNA biomarkers were added to the ADNEX model without CA 125, and 0.003 when added to the ADNEX model including CA 125. Net benefit, sensitivity and specificity were similar for all models. The increase in net benefit at the recommended 10% threshold estimated risk of malignancy when adding the cfDNA-based scores was 0.0017 and 0.0020, respectively, for the ADNEX model without CA 125 and the ADNEX model with CA 125. According to these results, adding cfDNA markers would require at least 453 patients per additional true-positive test result at the 10% risk threshold. CONCLUSION: Although statistically significant, cfDNA-based biomarker scores have limited clinical utility in addition to established clinical and ultrasound-based ADNEX predictors for discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian masses. © 2025 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

• Keywords
• ADNEX, circulating tumor DNA, diagnosis, early detection, fragmentomics, liquid biopsies, nucleosome, ovarian cancer,
• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor blood   MeSH
• Ovarian Neoplasms * diagnosis   diagnostic imaging   blood   genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Ultrasonography methods   MeSH
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids * blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Biomarkers, Tumor MeSH
• Cell-Free Nucleic Acids * MeSH

Roller compaction is often utilized as the first step to improve flow properties and homogeneity of pharmaceutical mixtures. Since the dry granulation process is less complicated than its counterparts in the industry, it is possible to perform screening experiments readily to investigate granulate quality for further operations. In this study, the aim of the investigation focused on the effect of roller compaction on the dissolution of granules and tablets of two pharmaceutical formulations that contain APIs of different biopharmaceutical classification. This study underscores the benefits of granule dissolution testing as a crucial early-stage technique for optimizing granulate quality and facilitating progression through formulation manufacturing operations. For active pharmaceutical ingredients characterized by poor dissolution properties, this approach provides valuable insights during the initial development phases. By integrating granule dissolution testing into the development process, product manufacturability can be enhanced and optimal product performance can be ensured.

• Keywords
• Disintegration kinetics, Dissolution behavior, Dissolution rate, Dry granulation, Flow-through cell, Granule dissolution, Granule properties, Paddle dissolution, Poller compaction, Porosity, Process engineering, Process parameters, Tablet dissolution, USP2 dissolution, USP4 dissolution,
• MeSH
• Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods   MeSH
• Technology, Pharmaceutical methods   MeSH
• Excipients chemistry   MeSH
• Powders chemistry   MeSH
• Drug Compounding * methods   MeSH
• Solubility MeSH
• Tablets * chemistry   MeSH
• Drug Liberation MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Excipients MeSH
• Powders MeSH
• Tablets * MeSH

Blood biochemistry in poultry is an understudied area, requiring the establishment of reference intervals (RIs) to monitor health and metabolism effectively across different life stages. To broaden and complete the spectrum of parameters encountered in animal medicine, we pursued two main objectives: first, to establish the comprehensive spectrum of blood RIs for Ross 308 male chickens, and second, to investigate potential age-specific differences in broilers from the onset of their lives. A total of 228 blood samples from 35-day-old broilers were analysed to determine RIs for key metabolism indicators, including ALT (0.0-0.4 µkat/l), AST (1.4-5.7 µkat/l), GMT (0.2-0.5 µkat/l), ALP (13.3-281.9 µkat/l), LD (14.2-112.6 µkat/l), CK (94.9-925.6 µkat/l), TBili (1.8-7.3 µmol/l), Urea (0.7-2.7 mmol/l), Creat (16.7-37.7 µmol/l), Uric Acid (140.0-594.6 µmol/l), Total protein (24.7-37.1 g/l), Albumin (13.0-21.4 g/l), Globulin (10.3-19.0 g/l), Glucose (5.8-15.1 mmol/l), Cholesterol (2.3-4.1 mmol/l), TG (0.2-1.2 mmol/l). Furthermore, we monitored mineral, nitrogen, fat, and energy metabolism parameters weekly from day 1 to day 35 of chick age to assess biochemical dynamics. Significant age-related variations were found in most parameters, particularly during the first week after hatching (P < 0.05). The only stable indicators throughout the observation were creatinine and potassium (P > 0.05). These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of broiler physiology, enhance the precision of blood testing interpretations, and offer the potential for the early detection of metabolic disorders or diseases.

• Keywords
• Blood plasma, Metabolism, Physiology, Poultry, Reference value,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Various synthetic modifications of the alkaloid (-)-vasicinone are known to exhibit a remarkable bronchodilatory effect. This study aimed to examine selected pharmacological and toxicological properties of 2 quinazolines derived from vasicinone with previously proven bronchodilatory action to consider their potential applicability for further preclinical development. Both compounds were found to have relatively low in vitro toxicity in a standard hepatic cell model. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats using oral and intravenous administration showed significant differences in oral availability (0.66 ± 0.11% vs 0.36 ± 0.18%), distribution volume, and elimination parameters of the 2 tested agents (for all parameters, P < .05). The different pharmacokinetic properties offer the possibility to select more convenient compounds for inhalation or systemic administration in further stages of development. The performed pharmacodynamic studies using an in vitro model showed that the tested quinazolines bind to the allosteric site on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with micromolar affinity (pKB higher than pKI for M1 and M3 receptors, P < .05) and exert functional antagonism of carbachol-induced response. The main effect is not accompanied by a concomitant antibiotic effect. The proven inhibition of muscarinic receptors including the M3 subtype is analogous to the effects of clinically used anticholinergic bronchodilators. Therefore, the findings suggest that the bronchodilating effect of the tested compounds is likely mediated by a similar mechanism. The muscarinic receptor blocking effect based on allosteric binding to the receptors may potentially allow the development of a new group of highly selective M3 antagonists. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Two tested synthetic quinazoline derivatives with proven bronchodilator action exhibit allosteric binding to muscarinic receptors. Since the extracellular domain at which allosteric modulators commonly bind varies among subtypes of muscarinic receptors, this characteristic may allow further development of highly selective M3 antagonists. The examined compounds exhibit low toxicity as well as no concomitant antimicrobial effect that would potentially affect the bronchial microbiome.

• Keywords
• Asthma, Bronchodilator, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Muscarinic antagonist, Quinazoline derivative, Vasicinone derivative,
• MeSH
• Bronchodilator Agents * pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   toxicity   chemistry   MeSH
• Quinazolines * pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   toxicity   chemistry   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Rats, Wistar MeSH
• Receptors, Muscarinic metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Bronchodilator Agents * MeSH
• Quinazolines * MeSH
• Receptors, Muscarinic MeSH

Using digital traces from online dating presents the opportunity to study the earliest stages of human mating. We focus on whether online dating app users are homophilic in terms of the desirability of whom they pursue. Using data from a Czech online dating app, we construct directed two-mode networks where nodes represent users, ties represent messages expressing interest ("swipes"), and desirability is measured by the number of "swipes" each node receives. Using network measures and conditional uniform graph tests extended to directed two-mode networks, we find that the structure of the networks is considerably hierarchical. Women are in advantageous position on the app due to the uneven gender ratio and their substantially higher desirability. The results further show that men pursue women who are more desirable than themselves. The reciprocated contacts are comparatively more homophilic. These results suggest that in terms of desirability, the similarity of partners is due to the subsequent mating processes (e.g., rejection) rather than due to initial preference for similarity.

• MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mobile Applications * MeSH
• Courtship * MeSH
• Sexual Behavior * MeSH
• Sexual Partners MeSH
• Social Networking MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: It is currently recommended to perform open radical nephroureterectomy (oRNU) with bladder cuff excision in patients with locally advanced (cT3-4 or cN1-2) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (laUTUC). We tested the hypothesis that bladder recurrence-free survival (BRFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) are not influenced by the surgical approach in patients with laUTUC using a large multicenter series. MATERIAL & METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study including 361 patients with preoperative cT3-4 cM0 or cN1-2 cM0 laUTUC treated with open or minimally invasive RNU from 1999 to 2019 at 21 academic centers in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Missing values of relevant baseline characteristics were estimated through multiple imputation of chained equations. Baseline patients' heterogeneity was balanced using a 1:1 propensity score matching estimated using logistic regression. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses for bladder recurrence, metastasis, cancer-specific death and overall death were performed according to clinical and pathological characteristics. Kaplan Meier (KM) estimates and log-rank test were used to compare BRFS, MFS, CSS and OS according to clinical and pathological features. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 28 months. After propensity score matching, two cohorts of 115 laUTUC patients each with similar baseline and preoperative tumor characteristics were obtained. In the matched cohort, pT ≥ 3 stage was found in 84 (73%) and 67 (58.3%) patients in the oRNU and miRNU groups, respectively. Positive lymph nodes were detected in 27 (23.5%) and 32 (27.8%) patients in the oRNU and miRNU groups, respectively. In the multivariable regression analysis, pT ≥ 3 and positive lymph nodes were associated with an increased risk of metastasis (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.26-8.23, and HR 4.03, 95% CI 2.05-7.89, respectively). The surgical approach (oRNU vs. mi RNU) did not influence oncological outcomes as shown by uni- and multivariable analyses as well as Kaplan-Meier estimates, regardless of pT stage. CONCLUSIONS: The oncological outcomes of laUTUC for cT3-4 cM0 or cN1-2 cM0 disease are comparable whether RNU is performed via an open or minimally invasive approach. Therefore, the decision to opt for oRNU or miRNU should be guided by the surgeon's expertise and the patient's comorbidities, rather than concerns over long-term oncological outcomes associated with either surgical technique.

• Keywords
• Locally advanced Utuc, Minimally-invasive nephroureterectomy, Open nephroureterectomy, Upper tract urothelial cancer, Utuc,
• MeSH
• Carcinoma, Transitional Cell * surgery   pathology   mortality   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Survival Rate MeSH
• Kidney Neoplasms * surgery   pathology   mortality   MeSH
• Ureteral Neoplasms * surgery   pathology   mortality   MeSH
• Nephroureterectomy * methods   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Neoplasm Staging MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) may be as high as 38% in the adult population with potential serious complications, multiple comorbidities and a high socioeconomic burden. However, there is a general lack of awareness and knowledge about MASLD and its progressive stages (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis). Therefore, MASLD is still far underdiagnosed. The 'Global Research Initiative for Patient Screening on MASH' (GRIPonMASH) consortium focuses on this unmet public health need. GRIPonMASH will help (primary) healthcare providers to implement a patient care pathway, as recommended by multiple scientific societies, to identify patients at risk of severe MASLD and to raise awareness. Furthermore, GRIPonMASH will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MASLD and improved identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers to detect individuals at risk. METHODS: This is a prospective multicentre observational study in which 10 000 high-risk patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome or hypertension) will be screened in 10 European countries using at least two non-invasive tests (Fibrosis-4 index and FibroScan). Blood samples and liver biopsy material will be collected and biobanked, and multiomics analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will be conducted in compliance with this protocol and applicable national and international regulatory requirements. The study initiation package is submitted at the local level. The study protocol has been approved by local medical ethical committees in all 10 participating countries. Results will be made public and published in scientific, peer-reviewed, international journals and at international conferences. REGISTRATION DETAILS: NCT05651724, registration date: 15 Dec 2022.

• Keywords
• EPIDEMIOLOGY, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, INTERNAL MEDICINE, Mass Screening,
• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications   MeSH
• Liver Cirrhosis diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metabolic Syndrome complications   MeSH
• Multicenter Studies as Topic MeSH
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease * diagnosis   MeSH
• Mass Screening * methods   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Research Design MeSH
• Fatty Liver * diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial Protocol MeSH

At a population level, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) suggest endoscopic screening for gastric cancer (and precancerous conditions) in high-risk regions (age-standardized rate [ASR] > 20 per 100 000 person-years) every 2 to 3 years or, if cost-effectiveness has been proven, in intermediate risk regions (ASR 10-20 per 100 000 person-years) every 5 years, but not in low-risk regions (ASR < 10).ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that irrespective of country of origin, individual gastric risk assessment and stratification of precancerous conditions is recommended for first-time gastroscopy. ESGE/EHMSG/ESP suggest that gastric cancer screening or surveillance in asymptomatic individuals over 80 should be discontinued or not started, and that patients' comorbidities should be considered when treatment of superficial lesions is planned.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that a high quality endoscopy including the use of virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE), after proper training, is performed for screening, diagnosis, and staging of precancerous conditions (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia) and lesions (dysplasia or cancer), as well as after endoscopic therapy. VCE should be used to guide the sampling site for biopsies in the case of suspected neoplastic lesions as well as to guide biopsies for diagnosis and staging of gastric precancerous conditions, with random biopsies to be taken in the absence of endoscopically suspected changes. When there is a suspected early gastric neoplastic lesion, it should be properly described (location, size, Paris classification, vascular and mucosal pattern), photodocumented, and two targeted biopsies taken.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP do not recommend routine performance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET)-CT prior to endoscopic resection unless there are signs of deep submucosal invasion or if the lesion is not considered suitable for endoscopic resection.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for differentiated gastric lesions clinically staged as dysplastic (low grade and high grade) or as intramucosal carcinoma (of any size if not ulcerated or ≤ 30 mm if ulcerated), with EMR being an alternative for Paris 0-IIa lesions of size ≤ 10 mm with low likelihood of malignancy.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP suggest that a decision about ESD can be considered for malignant lesions clinically staged as having minimal submucosal invasion if differentiated and ≤ 30 mm; or for malignant lesions clinically staged as intramucosal, undifferentiated and ≤ 20 mm; and in both cases with no ulcerative findings.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommends patient management based on the following histological risk after endoscopic resection: Curative/very low-risk resection (lymph node metastasis [LNM] risk < 0.5 %-1 %): en bloc R0 resection; dysplastic/pT1a, differentiated lesion, no lymphovascular invasion, independent of size if no ulceration and ≤ 30 mm if ulcerated. No further staging procedure or treatment is recommended.Curative/low-risk resection (LNM risk < 3 %): en bloc R0 resection; lesion with no lymphovascular invasion and: a) pT1b, invasion ≤ 500 µm, differentiated, size ≤ 30 mm; or b) pT1a, undifferentiated, size ≤ 20 mm and no ulceration. Staging should be completed, and further treatment is generally not necessary, but a multidisciplinary discussion is required. Local-risk resection (very low risk of LNM but increased risk of local persistence/recurrence): Piecemeal resection or tumor-positive horizontal margin of a lesion otherwise meeting curative/very low-risk criteria (or meeting low-risk criteria provided that there is no submucosal invasive tumor at the resection margin in the case of piecemeal resection or tumor-positive horizontal margin for pT1b lesions [invasion ≤ 500 µm; well-differentiated; size ≤ 30 mm, and VM0]). Endoscopic surveillance/re-treatment is recommended rather than other additional treatment. High-risk resection (noncurative): Any lesion with any of the following: (a) a positive vertical margin (if carcinoma) or lymphovascular invasion or deep submucosal invasion (> 500 µm from the muscularis mucosae); (b) poorly differentiated lesions if ulceration or size > 20 mm; (c) pT1b differentiated lesions with submucosal invasion ≤ 500 µm with size > 30 mm; or (d) intramucosal ulcerative lesion with size > 30 mm. Complete staging and strong consideration for additional treatments (surgery) in multidisciplinary discussion.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP suggest the use of validated endoscopic classifications of atrophy (e. g. Kimura-Takemoto) or intestinal metaplasia (e. g. endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia [EGGIM]) to endoscopically stage precancerous conditions and stratify the risk for gastric cancer.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that biopsies should be taken from at least two topographic sites (2 biopsies from the antrum/incisura and 2 from the corpus, guided by VCE) in two separate, clearly labeled vials. Additional biopsy from the incisura is optional.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that patients with extensive endoscopic changes (Kimura C3 + or EGGIM 5 +) or advanced histological stages of atrophic gastritis (severe atrophic changes or intestinal metaplasia, or changes in both antrum and corpus, operative link on gastritis assessment/operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia [OLGA/OLGIM] III/IV) should be followed up with high quality endoscopy every 3 years, irrespective of the individual's country of origin.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that no surveillance is proposed for patients with mild to moderate atrophy or intestinal metaplasia restricted to the antrum, in the absence of endoscopic signs of extensive lesions or other risk factors (family history, incomplete intestinal metaplasia, persistent H. pylori infection). This group constitutes most individuals found in clinical practice.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend H. pylori eradication for patients with precancerous conditions and after endoscopic or surgical therapy.ESGE/EHMSG/ESP recommend that patients should be advised to stop smoking and low-dose daily aspirin use may be considered for the prevention of gastric cancer in selected individuals with high risk for cardiovascular events.

• MeSH
• Biopsy MeSH
• Early Detection of Cancer * methods   standards   MeSH
• Gastroscopy * standards   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Helicobacter Infections complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Stomach Neoplasms * pathology   diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Precancerous Conditions * pathology   diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Societies, Medical MeSH
• Gastric Mucosa pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Practice Guideline MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH