Analytical devices that combine sensitive biological component with a physicochemical detector hold a great potential for various applications, e.g., environmental monitoring, food analysis or medical diagnostics. Continuous efforts to develop inexpensive sensitive biodevices for detecting target substances typically focus on the design of biorecognition elements and their physical implementation, while the methods for processing signals generated by such devices have received far less attention. Here, we present fundamental considerations related to signal processing in biosensor design and investigate how undemanding signal treatment facilitates calibration and operation of enzyme-based biodevices. Our signal treatment approach was thoroughly validated with two model systems: (i) a biodevice for detecting chemical warfare agents and environmental pollutants based on the activity of haloalkane dehalogenase, with the sensitive range for bis(2-chloroethyl) ether of 0.01-0.8 mM and (ii) a biodevice for detecting hazardous pesticides based on the activity of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase with the sensitive range for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane of 0.01-0.3 mM. We demonstrate that the advanced signal processing based on curve fitting enables precise quantification of parameters important for sensitive operation of enzyme-based biodevices, including: (i) automated exclusion of signal regions with substantial noise, (ii) derivation of calibration curves with significantly reduced error, (iii) shortening of the detection time, and (iv) reliable extrapolation of the signal to the initial conditions. The presented simple signal curve fitting supports rational design of optimal system setup by explicit and flexible quantification of its properties and will find a broad use in the development of sensitive and robust biodevices.

• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky metody   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky analýza   MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• enzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• ether analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• hexany analýza   MeSH
• hydrolasy metabolismus   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lyasy metabolismus   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu * MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-chlorohexane MeSH Prohlížeč
• bis(2-chloroethyl)ether MeSH Prohlížeč
• chemické bojové látky MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
• dehydrochlorinases MeSH Prohlížeč
• enzymy MeSH
• ether MeSH
• haloalkane dehalogenase MeSH Prohlížeč
• hexany MeSH
• hydrolasy MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• lyasy MeSH

The early diagnosis of diseases plays a vital role in healthcare and the extension of human life. Graphene-based biosensors have boosted the early diagnosis of diseases by detecting and monitoring related biomarkers, providing a better understanding of various physiological and pathological processes. They have generated tremendous interest, made significant advances, and offered promising application prospects. In this paper, we discuss the background of graphene and biosensors, including the properties and functionalization of graphene and biosensors. Second, the significant technologies adopted by biosensors are discussed, such as field-effect transistors and electrochemical and optical methods. Subsequently, we highlight biosensors for detecting various biomarkers, including ions, small molecules, macromolecules, viruses, bacteria, and living human cells. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of graphene-based biosensors and related broad research interests are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• biodevices, biomarker detection, circulating tumor cells, early diagnosis, electrochemical biosensors, field-effect transistors, functionalization, graphene, microfluidic system, optical biosensors,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• grafit * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• viry * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• grafit * MeSH