colour parameters
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An effect of a processing method (dry and wet) and a degree of roasting (light, medium, and dark) of 15 coffee (Coffea arabica) samples on the content of caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CQA), total polyphenols (TPP), acrylamide (AA), and on the colour parameters L*, a*, and b* was evaluated. Neither processing nor roasting affected caffeine content (p > 0.05). The degree of roasting accounted for 46% and 72% of explained variability of the CQA content and AA content, respectively (p < 0.05). AA content was in the range from 250 (wet-processed, light-roasted samples) to 305 µg·kg-1 (wet-processed, dark-roasted coffees), but the dark roasting only tended (p > 0.05) to increase AA content. Wet-processed, dry-roasted coffee had higher (p < 0.05) TPP content (48.5 mg·g-1) than its dry-processed, dry-roasted counterpart (42.5 mg·g-1); the method of processing accounted for 70% of explained variability of TPP. Both the method of processing and the degree of roasting affected the L*, a*, and b* values (p < 0.01), but the lower values (p < 0.05) of these parameters in the dark-roasted samples were found only within the wet processing. A negative correlation between the AA content and lightness (L*) was established (r = -0.39, p < 0.05). It was concluded that from the consumers' viewpoint, the results of the present study indicate relatively small differences in quality parameters of coffee irrespective of the method of processing or degree of roasting.
- Klíčová slova
- GC/MS chromatography, Maillard reaction, colour assessment, degree of roasting,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: This study attempts to compare two possibilities of enhancing the colour of egg yolk. One of them is based on the ecological rearing of laying hens on natural green grass whereas the other uses a feeding dose supplemented with natural pigments in laying hens reared in individual cages. Is it possible to distinguish these two technologies using yolk colour determination in the CIELAB system? RESULTS: Yolk colour parameters such as L*, a*, and b* in the group of grazed hens are significantly different (α = 0.001) from those observed in hens reared in cages. The yolk colour shows a darker, redder and more yellow colour. The greatest difference was seen in the red colour parameter, a*, that increased more than twice. Visually, this means a shift towards a more orange colour. Compared to grazing in the meadow (ΔE* = 13.257), the addition of artificial pigments in the feed resulted in a more significant increase in the parameter ΔE* (CIE total colour difference), with the greatest value of ΔE* being observed with the use of both pigments (ΔE* = 24.265). CONCLUSION: Grazing increases the parameter a* whereas the values of the parameter C*(ab) remain relatively low. The parameter ΔE* is significantly lower in the case of grazing as compared to the supplementation of the feed with pigments. However, colourity parameters cannot be used as a specific standard to identify a particular grazing technology as their values vary during the laying period.
- MeSH
- biologické pigmenty aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- chov zvířat * MeSH
- inbrední kmeny zvířat MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- květy chemie MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- Tagetes chemie MeSH
- vaječný žloutek metabolismus MeSH
- xanthofyly aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické pigmenty MeSH
- xanthofyly MeSH
PURPOSE: Optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is caused by the immune-mediated inflammation of the optic nerve. Some vascular factors that may influence blood flow in the ophthalmic artery (OA) have also been suggested as factors in the pathogenesis of ON. The purpose of our study was to evaluate blood flow velocities and resistance (RI) and pulsatile (PI) indices in the OA in both orbits in patients in the acute and chronic phases of unilateral ON and to compare these with equivalent findings in healthy control subjects. METHODS: Orbital colour Doppler imaging (CDI) was performed in 40 consecutive MS patients during acute unilateral ON prior to corticosteroid treatment. Optic neuritis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation and facultative assessment of visual evoked potentials (VEPs). The peak systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic (EDV) velocities and RI and PI were measured in the OA in both eyes. We compared results from affected and unaffected orbits using the paired t-test. The same measurements were performed in 114 MS patients with a history of acute unilateral ON that occurred > 1 year prior to ultrasound examination. We also measured the same parameters in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) on both sides in all subjects in both groups. The same measurements were obtained in healthy controls. RESULTS: The PSV (p < 0.0001), RI (p < 0.0001) and PI (p < 0.0001) in the OA in the eye affected with acute ON were significantly higher than in the unaffected eye. There was no difference in EDV in the OA between affected and unaffected eyes (p > 0.05) in the group with acute ON. We did not observe any significant differences between eyes in either blood flow velocities or the RI or PI (p > 0.05) in the group in the chronic phase of ON or in the control group. All the parameters in the MCAs on both sides were normal in both the acute and chronic groups, as well as in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Pathophysiological changes during acute unilateral ON influence orbital haemodynamics, as is indicated by increased PSV, RI and PI in the OA in eyes affected with ON. However, these changes do not persist over longer periods.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- arteria ophthalmica diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- rychlost toku krve MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská barevná MeSH
- zánět zrakového nervu diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study deals with age estimation based on colour changes of human tissue from the intervertebral discs, Achilles tendon and rib cartilage. The investigated colour changes are the result of the accumulation of non-enzymatic browning products in the tissue. Samples of excised tissues were photographed with a digital camera and the pictures were evaluated using the image analysis processor Lucia G 4.11 processor. The values of the intensities of the RGB channels (MeanRed, Mean Green, MeanBlue) and parameters from the IHS system (MeanSaturation, HueTypical, HueVariation, BrightVariation and MeanBrightness) were evaluated. The results confirm that colour changes of some tissues depend on ageing and are a good tool for age estimation.
- MeSH
- Achillova šlacha patologie MeSH
- barva * MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- chrupavka patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fotografování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meziobratlová ploténka patologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace metabolismus MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- soudní vědy přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- stárnutí patologie MeSH
- žebra MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
New sets of parameter tunes for two of the colour reconnection models, quantum chromodynamics-inspired and gluon-move, implemented in the pythia 8 event generator, are obtained based on the default CMS pythia 8 underlying-event tune, CP5. Measurements sensitive to the underlying event performed by the CMS experiment at centre-of-mass energies s=7 and 13TeV, and by the CDF experiment at 1.96TeV are used to constrain the parameters of colour reconnection models and multiple-parton interactions simultaneously. The new colour reconnection tunes are compared with various measurements at 1.96, 7, 8, and 13TeV including measurements of the underlying-event, strange-particle multiplicities, jet substructure observables, jet shapes, and colour flow in top quark pair (tt¯) events. The new tunes are also used to estimate the uncertainty related to colour reconnection modelling in the top quark mass measurement using the decay products of tt¯ events in the semileptonic channel at 13TeV.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new design of decorative tungsten oxide coatings is presented. The coatings were deposited with a graded refractive index by magnetron sputtering from a tungsten target and pulsing the reactive gas. The controlled injection of the reactive gas can produce a concentration profile gradient from pure tungsten to tungsten trioxide, determining the final apparent colour of the coating. A dynamic sputtering model was built to simulate the growth of the coating during the reactive gas pulsing which was validated by direct measurement of the gradient of the oxygen content in the deposited coatings. Finally, these results were used for an optical model allowing the optical properties of the deposited tungsten oxide layer to be described, again validated by experimental analysis. This procedure allows the deposition of coatings with the desired colour by using the models to finding the optimal oxygen pulse parameters. This proposed method can be easily applied to almost any metal/metal oxide system.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The method of image analysis of intervertebral disc, Achilles tendon and rib cartilage was applied for assessment of colour changes of these tissues in the relation to the human age. It was proved that colour of tested tissues changes with age which is most obvious on rib cartilage and intervertebral disc, while Achilles tendon does not display important changes. The parameters MeanBlue, MeanSaturation and MeanBrightness are the best for age estimation based on colour analysis.
In the context of growing interest in plant-based food products for their potential health benefits and sustainability, this study investigates the effect of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids application on physico-chemical properties of various plant-based cream products, compared to lecithin application in rice cream. Rheological and textural parameters, colour profile, and colloidal stability were analysed. The application of mono- and diglycerides modified the creams' viscoelastic behaviour, showing a decrease in viscoelasticity across the samples; although in oat-coconut cream resulted in a higher viscoelasticity, indicating the formation of a gel-like structure. Rice cream with lecithin emulsifier showed lower viscoelastic properties characterised by higher phase angle (tan δ). All samples behaved as pseudoplastic materials (with a flow behaviour index n < 1). For coconut and almond creams, the consistency coefficient increased and flow behaviour index decreased after emulsifier application. Interestingly, the emulsifier addition did not significantly affect the cream's colour profile, characterised by yellow hue angle (h*) as a dominant spectral component. The colloidal stability, indicated by a stability index (SI), was determined as well.
- Klíčová slova
- colour parameters, cream products, emulsifier, o/w emulsions, recipe formulation, rheological behaviour, viscoelastic moduli,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this paper, we examine intraspecific variation in the quantity of alkaloid chemical defence in field collected individuals of the polymorphic ladybird beetle Adalia decempunctata (10-spot ladybird). Like its more widely studied relative Adalia bipunctata (2-spot ladybird), A. decempunctata possesses the alkaloids adaline and adalinine, which are, respectively, the major and minor alkaloids of A. bipunctata. We focused especially on alkaloid concentration in relation to colour pattern morph, sex, and the relationship between female and egg parameters. There was a marked sexual dimorphism in the balance of the two alkaloids, with adaline predominating in females and adalinine predominating in males: in males, on average, over 70% of total alkaloid was adalinine. Females had a lower proportion of adalinine (< 10%) than their eggs (> 15%) and relationships between egg alkaloid and female alkaloid or fecundity were weak or non-existent. Colour pattern morph had a borderline (although not) significant relationship with adaline concentration and total alkaloid concentration, which could be further explored with laboratory reared individuals. The sexual dimorphism in alkaloid content, which seems likely due to differences in synthesis, might be related to their relative costs to the two sexes and might provide insight into the evolution of alkaloid diversity in ladybirds.
- Klíčová slova
- Aposematism, Chemical defence, Color morph, Polymorphism, Reproductive allocation, Sexual dimorphism,
- MeSH
- alkaloidy * analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- barva MeSH
- brouci * fyziologie chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- ovum chemie MeSH
- pigmentace MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- rozmnožování * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alkaloidy * MeSH
The human age for medico-legal purposes is usually estimated from hard tissues like bones and teeth. Only little attention was paid to soft tissues most probably due to the lack of detectable age changes. This study deals with colour changes of human tissue from intervertebral discs, Achilles tendon and rib cartilage in the relation to the age. The image analysis of colour of investigated tissue samples was performed. The values of intensities of channels RGB (MeanRed, MeanGreen, and MeanBlue) and parameters from the IHS system (MeanSaturation, HueTypical, HueVariation, BrightVariation and MeanBrightness) were evaluated. The results confirm that colour changes of some tissues can be used for age estimation.
- MeSH
- Achillova šlacha patologie MeSH
- chrupavka patologie MeSH
- meziobratlová ploténka patologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
- soudní lékařství metody MeSH
- spektrofotometrie * MeSH
- stárnutí patologie MeSH
- sulfasalazin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- sulfasalazin MeSH
