BACKGROUND: Due to high prevalence and serious impacts, childhood caries represents a public health issue. Behavioural risk factors such as locus of health control have been implicated in the development of the disease; however their association with childhood caries has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the relationship between parental locus of health control and caries experience and untreated caries of their preschool children in a representative sample in Czech Republic, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: A representative sample of 285 preschool children and their parents was recruited. Study data included children's dental status recorded in nurseries and parental questionnaires with 13 attitudinal items regarding locus of control (LoC) in caries prevention. The association between parental locus of control and children's caries experience and level of untreated caries was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for the effect of key sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: There was a statistically highly significant linear trend between increased parental LoC and higher probability of the children to be free from untreated caries, independent from the effect of sociodemographic variables of children and parents. A similar highly statistically significant trend, although not entirely linear, and independent from sociodemographic variables was observed with respect to the chance of the children to be free from caries experience with increasing strength of parental LoC. After full adjustment, children in the strongest parental LoC quintile were 2.81 (1.23-6.42, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from untreated caries in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile and 2.32 (1.02-5.25, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from caries experience in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that higher internal parental LoC is associated with better control of both untreated caries and caries experience in their preschool children and highlight that a more internal LoC within the family is advantageous in the prevention of dental caries.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interní-externí kontrola * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rodiče psychologie   MeSH
• školky MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
• zubní kaz epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges in modern science is the amount of data produced by the experimental work; it is difficult to store, organize and share the scientific data and to extract the wealth of knowledge. Experimental method descriptions in scientific publications are often incomplete, which complicates experimental reproducibility. The proposed system was created in order to address these issues. It provides a solution for management of the experimental data and metadata to support the reproducibility. IMPLEMENTATION: The system is implemented as a repository for experiment descriptions and experimental data. It has three main entry points: desktop application for protocol design and data processing, web interface dedicated for protocol and data management, and web-based interface for mobile devices suitable for the field experiments. The functionality of desktop client can be extended using the custom plug-ins for data extraction and data processing. The system provides several methods to support experimental reproducibility: standardized terminology support, data and metadata at a single location, standardized protocol design or protocol evolution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The system was tested in the framework of international infrastructure project AQUAEXCEL with five pilot installations at different institutes. The general testing in Tissue culture certified laboratory, Institute of complex systems and IFREMER verified the usability under different research infrastructures. The specific testing focused on the data processing modules and plug-ins demonstrated the modularity of the system for the specific conditions. The BioWes system represents experimental data as black box and therefore can handle any data type so as to provide broad usability for a variety of experiments and provide the data management infrastructure to improve the reproducibility and data sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system provides the tools for standard data management operations and extends the support by the standardization possibilities, protocol evolution with visualization features and modularity based on the data processing modules and device communication plug-ins. The software can be used at different organization levels: from a single researcher (to improve data organization) to research consortium through the central protocols management repository. Support from the protocol design until being shared with the standardization features helps to improve the reproducibility of research work. The platform provides support from experimental protocol design to cooperation using simple sharing.

• Klíčová slova
• Data management, Data processing, Experimental data, Metadata, Reproducibility, Sharing, Standardization,
• MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• mobilní telefon MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• software * MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací normy   MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Damage control surgery is one of the major advances in surgical techniques used in polytrauma patients in the past 25 years. It is based on a foreshortened pre-operative examination during ongoing resuscitation which includes surgical intervention in an injured patient with severe hypotension due to haemorrhage. In this seven-year retrospective study the authors evaluate the results of damage control laparotomy in patients with injury to the abdominal organs, retroperitoneum and pelvis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The evaluated group included 21 patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent damage control laparotomy in the 2001-2007 period. There were 17 men and four women; the age range was 17 to 69 years, with an average of 36 years. Damage control laparotomy was indicated in the patients with blunt abdominal trauma, or with closed or open pelvic fracture, who developed a progressive haemorrhagic shock. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2007, a total of 21 922 patients were admitted to the Trauma Centre and 12 392 operations were performed. However, only in 21 of them (0.1 %) damage control laparotomy was indicated. The procedure was most frequently performed for liver injury (16 patients), which was associated with multiple injury to the other abdominal organs and retroperitoneum in five patients. Further three patients were operated on for haemoperitoneum at continual bleeding due to type C fracture of the pelvis. In the remaining two patients the damage control procedure was chosen to stop persistent bleeding following splenectomy and nephrectomy for traumatic rupture. In these 21 patients blunt trauma was part of polytrauma (ISS > 15). Repeat surgery was carried out within 48 to 96 hours (average, 58 h). Four patients (19 %) died; two due to progressive traumatic haemorrhagic shock and two because of brain oedema after concussion. DISCUSSION: Damage control surgery has become a fundamental component of surgical strategy for severe trauma and has been accepted by surgeons although it cannot be evaluated in randomized clinical studies. Survival after damage control laparotomy in serious intra-abdominal injuries involved in polytrauma is reported in relation to the scoring system values (ISS, GCS), but depends, first of all, on blood loss, degree of acidosis and severity of associated injuries, with craniocerebral trauma in the first place. CONCLUSIONS: Damage control laparotomy is an effective procedure in the treatment of severe trauma to the abdominal organs and retroperitoneum in critically injured patients. This time-limited, staged surgical intervention is included in resuscitation of patients with hypothermia, metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy. The outcome of damage control surgery is related to not only the severity of injury, but also experience with comprehensive acute care in trauma centres.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• laparotomie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poranění břicha diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tupá poranění diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: This study aimed to quantify types and frequencies of missed infection control care and to develop a theoretical model for estimating nurses' consensus scores about this form of missed care. DESIGN: A non-experimental research design using self-audit data was selected to collect information about the types and frequencies of missed infection control care from nurses employed in hospitals located in three different countries. Data collection commenced mid-year 2018. METHODS: A multivariate approach was used to apply the consensus scores of 1.911 internationally based nurses in the missed opportunities for maintaining infection control. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Thirteen variables exert direct effects on the nurses' total scores underpinning missed infection control care. These include the methods used to prevent hospital-acquired infections, surveillance and hand hygiene practices. Significant nurses' demographic factors also included their countries of origin, employment status, employer type, job retention intentions, work intensity, length of clinical experience and staff development attendance. CONCLUSION: In magnitude of importance and having the largest effect on missed infection control care is missed care related to reducing hospital-acquired infections followed closely by surveillance. Missed infection control care can be quantified, and variances in its practices can be accounted by exploring the nurses' differing demographic factors, including the nurses' country of origin. IMPACT: Variations in missed infection control care can be accounted for across three countries. While ward hygiene is underestimated by staff as a mechanism to minimize nosocomial infections, infection control surveillance remains the key to reducing hospital-acquired infections. The study's outcomes invite the use of an ongoing, whole-of-organization approach to infection control with scrutiny being needed for improved staff adherence particularly with hand hygiene.

• Klíčová slova
• hand hygiene, infection control, missed care, modelling, nurses,
• MeSH
• hygiena rukou * MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kontrola infekce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• personál sesterský nemocniční * MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The External Quality Control (EQC) system in activities of laboratories engaged in medical microbiology and parasitology was established in the Czech Republic in 1993 when to the first laboratories which applied coded serum samples were sent for diagnosis of viral hepatitis and bacterial strains for identification. In the course of years the number of control areas increased and in 2000 there were 31 and the number of those interested in participation in EQC increased from 79 in 1993 to 434 in 2000. This year a total of 13,239 samples will be sent to laboratories. Gradually thus almost all microbiological and parasitological laboratories concerned with examination of clinical material became involved. Seven-year experience with EQC in the Czech Republic revealed that gradually the results of various examinations became more accurate, that methods became standardized and the most suitable examination sets are used.

• MeSH
• laboratoře normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky normy   MeSH
• parazitologie normy   MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• ústavní řízení a kontrola organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Anastomotic leakage is a dreadful complication in colorectal surgery. It has a negative impact on postoperative mortality, long term life quality and oncological results. Nanofibrous polycaprolactone materials have shown pro-healing properties in various applications before. Our team developed several versions of these for healing support of colorectal anastomoses with promising results in previous years. In this study, we developed highly porous biocompatible polycaprolactone nanofibrous patches. We constructed a defective anastomosis on the large intestine of 16 pigs, covered the anastomoses with the patch in 8 animals (Experimental group) and left the rest uncovered (Control group). After 21 days of observation we evaluated postoperative changes, signs of leakage and other complications. The samples were assessed histologically according to standardized protocols. The material was easy to work with. All animals survived with no major complication. There were no differences in intestinal wall integrity between the groups and there were no signs of anastomotic leakage in any animal. The levels of collagen were significantly higher in the Experimental group, which we consider to be an indirect sign of higher mechanical strength. The material shall be further perfected in the future and possibly combined with active molecules to specifically influence the healing process.

• Klíčová slova
• anastomotic leakage, anastomotic patch, colorectal surgery, electrospinning, experiment, intestinal anastomosis, nanofibrous materials, peritoneal adhesions, polycaprolactone,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In patients with Parkinson's disease with higher prevalence than in current population there appear pathological behaviours characterized by compulsion, repetitiveness and impulsivity, which are connected with material profit or pleasurable experience. They are, in particular, pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping and compulsive eating (in the literature they are collectively referred to as impulse control disorders). Pathological preoccupation with repeated mechanical activities (so-called punding) and excessive compulsive intake of dopaminergic medication (so-called dopamine dysregulation syndrome or also syndrome of hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation) are of similar nature. The paper treats briefly the risk factors and prevalence of these pathological behaviours. In current clinical practice, these psychiatric complications frequently escape doctors' attention, they are underdiagnosed. Although no generally valid recommendations for their therapy are currently available, they can be influenced medically. Of advantage can be modified dopaminergic medication (usually dose reduction ofdopaminergic agonists); multidisciplinary approach to the problem is appropriate. The pathological behaviours given above can frequently lead to considerable material losses and markedly aggravate patients' handicap in the social sphere; it can be expected that in the future they can become a problem also from the ethical and legal points of view.

• MeSH
• hráčství etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• impulzivní poruchy diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The interaction of wood and moisture has to be considered in many industrial sectors. Wood is highly hygroscopic material while the absorbed moisture affects all its technical properties. One of them is a moisture permeability which is further affected by the sorption hysteresis and also differs in the three wood anatomical directions - radial, tangential, and axial. For the prediction of the dynamic hygro-thermal behaviour of wood can be used numerical simulation tools. However, data from carefully designed and controlled experiments are needed for reliable validation of these tools. This paper presents data from a 45-day dynamic laboratory experiment. The one-dimensional moisture transport in spruce wood in the tangential and radial directions under isothermal conditions was studied. The samples were exposed to cyclic step-changes in relative humidity 72-95 % at 23 °C. Data show the rate of stabilisation of moisture content in the samples, the effect of sorption hysteresis, and changes in the temperature of samples due to moisture sorption. In addition, the paper also presents material functions describing the sorption properties and moisture permeability of spruce wood. These properties were determined based on laboratory measurements using the spruce wood of the same origin as used for the dynamic experiment. The dynamic data, together with the proposed material functions can be used in the development or verification of hygro-thermal numerical simulation tools.

• Klíčová slova
• Data, Dynamic moisture transport, Experiment, Hygroscopic range, Isothermal conditions, Spruce wood,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A versatile device for a patch-clamp amplifier is described. This device contains: (i) an acoustic indicator to monitor the input resistance of the patch pipette, which is used in search-mode to indicate the formation of seals; (ii) two pulse generators; and (iii) a staircase generator to produce various pulse and voltage step programs; (iv) a low-pass filter which is used to filter the output of the patch clamp amplifier; and (v) a remote control which is used to control the entire patch clamp experiment. This remote control is used to switch between search-, current clamp-, and voltage clamp-mode, to activate the respective stimulus potential programs, and to control the tape recorder. This electronic device can be easily connected to patch clamp amplifiers.

• MeSH
• elektrofyziologie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Preliminary screening tests of eight juvenogens, fatty acid esters of two parent juvenoid alcohols, showed high juvenilizing effect in the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen). This effect is manifested by differentiation of termite workers into pre-soldiers, soldiers and/or soldier-intercastes ('soldiers'). Juvenogen 9 was tested with five other termite species: Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen, Kalotermes flavicollis F, Cryptotermes declivis Tsai & Chen, Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud, and R flaviceps Oshima, and showed promising efficacy in force-feeding (FF) as well as in choice bioassays. In the economically important subterranean termites R santonensis and R flaviceps, after application of 0.5 mg ml(-1) in FF experiments ca 57 and 73%, respectively, of workers changed into soldiers. In Zootermopsis angusticollis application of 0.05 mg ml(-1) caused differentiation in 62% soldiers, and 57% soldiers differentiated after topical application of 1 microg of the tested compound per termite. Differentiation of excessive soldiers induced by a juvenile hormone-mimicking compound may cause disruption of the social structure and ultimately the death of the colony.

• MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců metody   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• estery MeSH
• insekticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• Isoptera účinky léků   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• juvenilní hormony farmakologie   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• morfogeneze MeSH
• sociální hierarchie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• estery MeSH
• insekticidy MeSH
• juvenilní hormony MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH