BACKGROUND: Different multi-segment foot models have been used to explore the effect of foot orthoses. Previous studies have compared the kinematic output of different multi-segment foot models, however, no study has explored if different multi-segment foot models detect similar kinematic changes when wearing a foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two different multi-segment foot models to detect kinematic changes at the hindfoot and forefoot during the single and double support phases of gait when wearing a foot orthosis. METHODS: Foot kinematics were collected during walking from a sample of 32 individuals with and without a foot orthosis with a medial heel bar using an eight-camera motion capture system. The Oxford Foot Model (OFM) and a multi-segment foot model using the Calibrated Anatomical System Technique (CAST) were applied simultaneously. Vector field statistical analysis was used to explore the kinematic effects of a medial heel bar using the two models, and the ability of the models to detect any changes in kinematics was compared. RESULTS: For the hindfoot, both models showed very good agreement of the effect of the foot orthosis across all three anatomical planes during the single and double support phases. However, for the forefoot, the level of agreement between the models varied with both models showing good agreement of the effect in the coronal plane but poorer agreement in the transverse and sagittal planes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that while consistency exists across both models for the hindfoot and forefoot in the coronal plane, the forefoot in the transverse and sagittal planes showed inconsistent responses to the foot orthoses. This should be considered when interpreting the efficacy of different interventions which aim to change foot biomechanics.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomechanical response, Foot orthoses, Multi-segment foot models, Oxford Foot Model,
• MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie   MeSH
• ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sensorimotor foot orthoses is an alternative concept, which in addition to mechanical effects, are designed to change muscle activation by altering sensory input to the plantar surface of the foot. However, there is little evidence of how these affect the kinematics of the foot during gait. RESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the study was to explore the immediate effect of calcaneal medial heel bars and retrocapital bars on foot kinematics during the stance phase of gait. METHODS: Kinematic data were collected from 32 healthy individuals using an eight camera motion capture system and a six-degrees-of-freedom multi-segment foot model in three different orthotic conditions; calcaneal medial heel bar, retrocapital bar, and no orthosis. Vector field statistical analysis was performed to explore the effect of the orthotic conditions over the kinematic time series curves during stance phase. Peak median and interquartile ranges were also reported during the different phases of stance. RESULTS: The calcaneal medial bar significantly decreased rearfoot eversion for the majority of the stance phase and compensatory increased midfoot eversion during the entire stance phase compared to the no orthosis condition. The retrocapital bar rotated the foot externally significantly abducting the rearfoot for the entire stance phase and the midfoot for the majority of stance phase. SIGNIFICANCE: The calcaneal medial heel bar and retrocapital bar significantly altered the foot kinematics in a way that may benefit patients with abnormal pronation and intoeing gait.

• Klíčová slova
• Foot model, Gait analysis, Kinematics, Sensorimotor foot orthoses, Statistical non-parametric mapping,
• MeSH
• analýza chůze metody   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) normy   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In large cohort studies, due to the time-consuming nature of the measurement of movement biomechanics, more than one evaluator needs to be involved. This may increase the potential occurrence of error due to inaccurate positioning of markers to the anatomical locations. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and objectivity of lower limb segments length by multiple evaluators in a large cohort study concerning healthy aging in an industrial environment. A total of eight evaluators performed marker placements on five participants on three different days. Evaluators placed markers bilaterally on specific anatomical locations of the pelvis, thigh, shank and foot. On the right foot, markers were placed in anatomical locations to define a multi-segmental foot model. The position of the marker at the anatomical locations was recorded by a motion capture system. The reliability and objectivity of lower limb segment lengths was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient of a two-way random model and of the two-way mixed model, respectively. For all evaluators for all segments, the average reliability and objectivity was greater than 0.8, except for the metatarsus segment (0.683). Based on these results, we can conclude that multiple evaluators can be engaged in a large cohort study in the placement of anatomical markers.

• Klíčová slova
• lower limb, minimal detectable change, multi-segment foot model, optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry, standard error of measurement,
• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• chůze (způsob) MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH