AIMS: To compare ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of horizontal eye muscle thickness in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and to compare these measurements according to the phase of the disease, the severity of exophthalmos, and the experience of the investigator. METHODS: A total of 180 orbits of adult patients with TAO were investigated from May 2007 to December 2012. In addition to their general ophthalmic examination, all patients underwent ultrasonographic measurement of horizontal eye muscle thickness with the B-scan technique and MRI examination of the orbit. Correlations between values obtained by US and MRI were determined for different subgroups according to disease activity (active, inactive), exophthalmos values (Hertel < 18 mm; Hertel 18-22 mm; Hertel > 22 mm), and the time period of examination (2007-2009; 2010-2012). RESULTS: Positive moderate correlation between US and MRI values for the medial rectus muscle (MRM; r = 0.690) and for the lateral rectus muscle (LRM; r = 0.572) was found. Significantly higher correlation was found for the MRM (P < 0.0001) and the LRM (P = 0.0008) in the time period 2010-2012 than in that of 2007-2009. Increasing correlation was found for MRM with increasing values of exophthalmos but this increase was not statistically significant. In the active phase of the disease compared to the inactive phase, statistically significant increased correlation (P = 0.019) was found for the LRM. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic measurement of horizontal eye muscles thickness in TAO moderately correlates with values obtained using MRI. The accuracy of ultrasonographic measurements in particular increases with the experience of the investigator.

• Klíčová slova
• extraocular muscles, magnetic resonance imaging, orbit, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, ultrasound,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exoftalmus etiologie   MeSH
• Gravesova oftalmopatie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• hypertrofie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie normy   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• okulomotorické svaly diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• orbita diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• ultrasonografie normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the inter/intra-reliability of ultrasound (US) muscle echogenicity in patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODS: Forty-two rheumatologists and 2 radiologists from 13 countries were asked to assess US muscle echogenicity of quadriceps muscle in 80 static images and 20 clips from 64 patients with different rheumatic diseases and 8 healthy subjects. Two visual scales were evaluated, a visual semi-quantitative scale (0-3) and a continuous quantitative measurement ("VAS echogenicity," 0-100). The same assessment was repeated to calculate intra-observer reliability. US muscle echogenicity was also calculated by an independent research assistant using a software for the analysis of scientific images (ImageJ). Inter and intra reliabilities were assessed by means of prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlations through Kendall's Tau and Pearson's Rho coefficients. RESULTS: The semi-quantitative scale showed a moderate inter-reliability [PABAK = 0.58 (0.57-0.59)] and a substantial intra-reliability [PABAK = 0.71 (0.68-0.73)]. The lowest inter and intra-reliability results were obtained for the intermediate grades (i.e., grade 1 and 2) of the semi-quantitative scale. "VAS echogenicity" showed a high reliability both in the inter-observer [ICC = 0.80 (0.75-0.85)] and intra-observer [ICC = 0.88 (0.88-0.89)] evaluations. A substantial association was found between the participants assessment of the semi-quantitative scale and "VAS echogenicity" [ICC = 0.52 (0.50-0.54)]. The correlation between these two visual scales and ImageJ analysis was high (tau = 0.76 and rho = 0.89, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this large, multicenter study highlighted the overall good inter and intra-reliability of the US assessment of muscle echogenicity in patients with different rheumatic diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• muscle echogenicity, musculoskeletal ultrasound, reliability, rheumatic diseases, sarcopenia,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Elucidating its dynamic interaction within the knee joint, this exploration delves into the awareness regarding the articularis genus muscle for ultrasound-guided suprapatellar recess injections. While injections into the infrapatellar recess may proceed without ultrasound guidance, we highlight concerns regarding the potential cartilage injury. In contrast, especially with ultrasound guidance, suprapatellar recess injections significantly mitigate this risk, especially in the case of collapsed recess. Originating from the distal femur and vastus intermedius, the articularis genus muscle influences the tension of the suprapatellar recess during knee motion. Sonographically identifying this muscle involves visualizing the slender linear structure of the suprapatellar recess, with guidance on differentiation from the vastus intermedius. We provide a succinct approach to ultrasound-guided suprapatellar recess injections, emphasizing needle insertion techniques and strategies to prevent fluid accumulation. In conclusion, this study serves as a concise clinician's guide, underscoring the significance of the articularis genus muscle's sonoanatomy in ultrasound-guided suprapatellar recess injections. Ultimately, procedural precision and patient safety can be advanced in this aspect.

• Klíčová slova
• hyaluronic acid, knee, pain, quadriceps, ultrasonography,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study seeks to assess the effects of forceps-assisted delivery on the levator hiatus. METHODS: Seventy-six women were investigated 12 months after forceps-assisted delivery. Introital three-/four-dimensional ultrasound measured volumes at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. Morphological parameters analyzed were angle gamma, hiatal area, pubovisceral angle, and continuity between the muscle and pelvic sidewall. Avulsion was diagnosed by loss of continuity. RESULTS: Forty-eight women had avulsion injuries, 23 had bilateral, and 25 had unilateral. Bilateral avulsion increased hiatal area during straining and at rest and was associated with changes in bladder neck position at rest. Unilateral avulsion injury was associated with a higher pubovisceral angle on the side of the avulsion. CONCLUSION: Forceps-assisted vaginal delivery is associated with levator ani injury. Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle seems more common after forceps delivery than after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Avulsion alters hiatal shape and area and influences the position and mobility of the anterior compartment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extrakce porodnická škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pánevní dno diagnostické zobrazování   zranění   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The 255th ENMC workshop on Muscle Imaging in Idiopathic Inflammatory myopathies (IIM) aimed at defining recommendations concerning the applicability of muscle imaging in IIM. The workshop comprised of clinicians, researchers and people living with myositis. We aimed to achieve consensus on the following topics: a standardized protocol for the evaluation of muscle images in various types of IIMs; the exact parameters, anatomical localizations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques; ultrasound as assessment tool in IIM; assessment methods; the pattern of muscle involvement in IIM subtypes; the application of MRI as biomarker in follow-up studies and clinical trials, and the place of MRI in the evaluation of swallowing difficulty and cardiac manifestations. The following recommendations were formulated: In patients with suspected IIM, muscle imaging is highly recommended to be part of the initial diagnostic workup and baseline assessment. MRI is the preferred imaging modality due to its sensitivity to both oedema and fat accumulation. Ultrasound may be used for suspected IBM. Repeat imaging should be considered if patients do not respond to treatment, if there is ongoing diagnostic uncertainty or there is clinical or laboratory evidence of disease relapse. Quantitative MRI is established as a sensitive biomarker in IBM and could be included as a primary or secondary outcome measure in early phase clinical trials, or as a secondary outcome measure in late phase clinical trials. Finally, a research agenda was drawn up.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• kosterní svaly patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• myozitida * diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nizozemsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

• MeSH
• krční svaly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muskuloskeletální systém * MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• zádové svalstvo * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH

• MeSH
• krční svaly diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rameno * inervace   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• úžinové syndromy * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A standardized methodology for the ultrasound evaluation of the pelvic sidewall has not been proposed to date. Herein, a collaborative group of gynecologists and gynecological oncologists with extensive ultrasound experience presents a systematic methodology for the ultrasonographic evaluation of structures within the pelvic sidewall. Five categories of anatomical structures are described (muscles, vessels, lymph nodes, nerves and ureters). A step-by-step transvaginal ultrasound (or, when this is not feasible, transrectal ultrasound) approach is outlined for the evaluation of each anatomical landmark within these categories. Accurate assessment of the pelvic sidewall using a standardized approach improves the detection and diagnosis of non-gynecological pathologies that may mimic gynecological tumors, reducing the risk of unnecessary and even harmful intervention. Furthermore, it plays an important role in completing the staging of malignant gynecological conditions. Transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound therefore represents a viable alternative to magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative evaluation of lesions affecting the pelvic sidewall, if performed by an expert sonographer. A series of videoclips showing normal and abnormal findings within each respective category illustrates how establishing a universally applicable approach for evaluating this crucial region will be helpful for assessing both benign and malignant conditions affecting the pelvic sidewall. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

• Klíčová slova
• anatomy, clinical cases, endometriosis, gynecological tumor, pelvic sidewall, transvaginal ultrasound,
• MeSH
• konsensus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• pánev * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ultrasonografie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Acute changes in muscle architecture influenced by muscle swelling might be associated with chronic adaptations to resistance exercise, including skeletal muscle growth. Concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle actions both play a role in hypertrophic processes, but the influence of each on acute indices of muscle swelling (i.e., muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA)) remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study compared the acute changes in MT and PA in response to work-matched CON versus ECC isokinetic exercise. Twelve university-aged students performed 2 bouts of maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 120°·s-1 on the same day: 50 CON followed by a work-matched ECC bout (∼5000 J; 28 ± 5 reps) with the contralateral limb. Ultrasound images were captured from the middle and distal sites of the vastus lateralis before and immediately after each exercise bout. From these images, MT and PA were measured. Middle and distal MT (11% and 14%, respectively; p < 0.001) and middle PA (39%, p < 0.001) increased only after CON. In addition, changes in MT were strongly related to the amount of total work performed (r = 0.76) during CON. Our results suggest that when the workload is matched between CON and ECC muscle actions performed at a moderate velocity, CON actions seem to be a more potent stimulus for inducing acute changes in MT and PA.

• Klíčová slova
• architecture musculaire, dynamomètre isokinétique, exercice contre résistance, gonflement musculaire, isokinetic dynamometer, muscle architecture, muscle swelling, resistance exercise, ultrasonographie, ultrasound,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odporový trénink * MeSH
• svalová kontrakce * MeSH
• svalová síla - dynamometr MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The purpose of this study is to present the possibilities and benefits of ultrasonography (US) of the orbit in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroidassociated orbitopathy (TAO). Methods: US examination of the orbit is an essential addition to clinical and laboratory examination in TAO patients. Nevertheless, it is often neglected in clinical practice or indicated with delay. Based on previously published studies and our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of TAO patients, we aim to highlight the clear benefit of US examination of the orbit and oculomotor muscles, not only for correct TAO diagnosis but also in the monitoring of the disease over time. However, knowledge of the drawbacks and limitations of this method is also essential, as we shall point out. It is always necessary to remember that US examination must be evaluated in connection with the clinical findings. A detailed recommendation for US examination of the extraocular muscles and the orbit based on our experiences with diagnosing and treating TAO patients in daily practice is also included. Conclusion: According to our experience, US examination of the orbit is an excellent and irreplaceable tool for timely TAO diagnosis and further disease monitoring. However, considerable examiner experience and detailed knowledge of the clinical and ultrasound manifestations of TAO are essential.

• Klíčová slova
• activity, endocrine orbitopathy, extraocular muscles, orbit, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, ultrasound,
• MeSH
• Gravesova oftalmopatie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okulomotorické svaly MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH