nemoci vlasů Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Trichorrhexis nodosa, i. e. a hair fracturing into brush-like widened stumps, was analyzed in an imbecile 4 year-old boy without any sign of aminoaciduria or disturbance of copper metabolism. Scanning electron microscopy showed smoothed hair cuticula with irregular ridges and surface splitting. According to the transmission electron microscopy disintegration of superficial and profound cuticular elements as well was due to progressive development of vacuoles and clefts in amorphous keratin.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci vlasů patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- vlasy, chlupy patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Hair follicle morphogenesis depends on Wnt, Shh, Notch, BMP and other signaling pathways interplay between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The Wnt pathway plays an essential role during hair follicle induction, Shh is involved in morphogenesis and late stage differentiation, Notch signaling determines stem cell fate while BMP is involved in cellular differentiation. The Wnt pathway is considered to be the master regulator during hair follicle morphogenesis. Wnt signaling proceeds through EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling. NF-κB regulates the Wnt pathway and acts as a signal mediator by upregulating the expression of Shh ligand. Signal crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal cells takes place mainly through primary cilia. Primary cilia formation is initiated with epithelial laminin-511 interaction with dermal β-1 integrin, which also upregulates expression of downstream effectors of Shh pathway in dermal lineage. PDGF signal transduction essential for crosstalk is mediated through epithelial PDGF-A and PDGFRα expressed on the primary cilia. Dermal Shh and PDGF signaling up-regulates dermal noggin expression; noggin is a potent inhibitor of BMP signaling which helps in counteracting BMP mediated β-catenin inhibition. This interplay of signaling between the epithelial and dermal lineage helps in epithelial Shh signal amplification. The dermal Wnt pathway helps in upregulation of epithelial Notch expression. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to certain abnormalities and in some cases even tumor outgrowth.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morfogeneze * MeSH
- nemoci vlasů genetika metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- vlasový folikul růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Pilomatricoma, also known as Pilamatrixoma or Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma, is a benign skin tumour with a bimodal age distribution between the paediatric and elderly age groups. Although it was previously thought to be rare, recent studies have revealed that it is quite common. Typically, pilomatricoma is diagnosed following histopathological examination of the lesion as it is frequently misdiagnosed with other types of skin pathology. In our case, the child presented with painless swelling of the left infraauricular region. The initial cytology and imaging were unable to provide a definite diagnosis. An excision biopsy was done, and a histopathological examination was suggestive of Pilomatricoma. Therefore, Pilomatricoma ought to be considered in the differential diagnosis of head and neck lesions in hopes of providing a better understanding on this pathological lesion.
- Klíčová slova
- benign mass, epithelioma of Malherbe, pilomatricoma, pilomatrixoma,
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- chybná diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory kůže * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- pilomatrixom * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- INFANT CARE *, KERATOSIS FOLLICULARIS/in infant and child *, PLASTICS/injurious effects *,
- MeSH
- Darierova nemoc * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci vlasů * MeSH
- péče o kojence * MeSH
- plastické hmoty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- plastické hmoty MeSH
A rare skin tumor (melanocytic matricoma), 6 mm in diameter, was diagnosed on the skin of the back in a 66-year-old man. It was composed of two cellular types: 1. epithelial cells with hair follicle differentiation and 2. dendritic melanocytes. After two years of follow-up there are no signs of a relapse or generalisation of the tumor.
- Klíčová slova
- melanocytic matricoma - tumors of hair follicle - adnexal skin tumors - matricoma.,
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanocyty patologie MeSH
- nádory kůže patologie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů patologie MeSH
- pilomatrixom patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
We present a case of microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) occurring on the upper lip of a 63-year-old man, which, in addition to the predominant areas of a conventional MAC, manifested multiple foci of follicular differentiation resulting in trichoblastomatous appearances. Some areas were highly reminiscent of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (columnar trichoblastoma). We also reviewed 24 cases of MAC in our files, but in none of the cases were similar features observed, indicating that such histopathological findings are rare in MAC.
Hamartoma is a neoplasm-like lesion composed of an abnormal mixture of tissues native to the area. We report on an unusual example of a hamartomatous lesion that showed an abnormal mixture of elements of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit and arrector pili muscle. A 13-year-old female presented with two nodules situated 2 cm apart on the lower leg that were present since birth. The patient reported some enlargement and slight pain of the otherwise asymptomatic lesions during 2 years, before they were surgically removed. The patient obviously had no skin problems afterwards; her 12-year follow-up was significant for leucopenia and nephrolithiasis. The biopsies from both lesions looked identical. Each lesion was biphasic, i.e. composed of a predominant mesenchymal component and epithelial elements. The mesenchymal part resembled a leiomyoma, or in minor areas, the constituting cells had a myofibroblastic appearance. Encased within the mesenchymal component were large infundibulocystic structures and plentiful grouped and scattered roundish solid epithelial nodules, duct-like, glandular, and tubular elements. Some of the epithelial structures were reminiscent of those seen in tubular apocrine adenoma; others resembled syringomatous elements. We interpreted this unusual lesion as a hamartoma of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit.
- MeSH
- apokrinní žlázy metabolismus patologie MeSH
- hamartom komplikace metabolismus patologie MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- kožní nemoci komplikace metabolismus patologie MeSH
- ledvinové kameny komplikace MeSH
- leukopenie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci mazových žláz komplikace metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů komplikace metabolismus patologie MeSH
- vlasový folikul metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Trichofolliculomas and trichoepitheliomas are benign skin neoplasms originating from hair follicle cells. They result from defects in the signaling pathways that regulate hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration. Thus they seem to be an excellent model of these processes. It is known that the E-cadherin/beta-catenin system of adhesion molecules plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue architecture. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate their involvement in benign hair follicle tumor development. METHODS: Semiquantitative intensity of expression were examined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 53 trichoepitheliomas, 15 trichofolliculomas and 19 normal skin samples by indirect immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The intensity of E-cadherin/beta-catenin expression in tumor cells did not differ from controls. However, normal hair follicles cells exhibited membranous E-cadherin/beta-catenin expression, whereas both types of tumors, particularly trichoepitheliomas, showed E-cadherin/beta-catenin expression with a predominantly cytoplasmic localization. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that this dystopic distribution of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex in hair follicle tumor cells may be a marker of cell-cell adhesion disruption which may contribute to the tumor formation.
- MeSH
- bazocelulární nádory chemie MeSH
- beta-katenin analýza MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- kadheriny analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory kůže chemie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-katenin MeSH
- kadheriny MeSH
We present the case of a 35-year-old man who developed a follicular differentiated cutaneous carcinoma with an eosinophil-rich infiltrate and an aggressive clinical behavior. After an in-depth histopathological investigation the diagnosis of trichoblastic carcinoma was made. Over the course of the disease the patient developed a cutaneous in-transit metastasis as well as an axillary lymph node metastasis 18 months after the excision of the primary tumor on his back. Based on a literature review we discuss the different concepts behind the term "trichoblastic carcinoma" and we summarize the clinical and histological details of previously reported cases. Furthermore, we focus on the phenomenon of tumor-associated eosinophilia.
- Klíčová slova
- eosinophil-rich infiltrate, follicular neoplasm, trichoblastic carcinoma,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- karcinom patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru patologie MeSH
- nádory kůže patologie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů patologie MeSH
- vlasový folikul patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: The plaque variant of trichoblastoma has been described as a solitary tumor with diffuse infiltration of the lower dermis and hypodermis, with poorly defined borders. Herein, we report a new variant of multiple centrofacial trichoblastoma. OBJECT: To describe clinical and pathological features of a new multiple kind of plaque variant of centrofacial trichoblastoma. METHODS: Case series of patients with a multiple-plaque variant of centrofacial trichoblastoma treated in our department between 2005 and 2017. We identified eight patients with the centrofacial plaque variant of trichoblastoma treated in our department from 2005 to 2017. RESULTS: The final study sample comprised 13 trichoblastomas from four patients. All patients also developed at least one basal cell carcinoma. Mohs surgery was the method of treatment in the majority of the cases of trichoblastoma and in all the cases of basal cell carcinoma. We needed between 2 and 6 stages to obtain free margins in our cases of facial plaque trichoblastomas treated by Mohs surgery. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, a multiple-plaque variant of trichoblastoma has not been described in the literature. We suggest a genetic origin of this variant of trichoblastoma and describe its remarkable infiltrative nature, with poorly defined surgical margins.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mohsova operace MeSH
- nádory kůže patologie chirurgie MeSH
- nemoci vlasů patologie chirurgie MeSH
- obličej patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vlasový folikul patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
