The goal of this study was to determine subsequent malignancy on a discrete group of precancerous laryngeal lesions, and to assess the mortality. In a series of 227 patients, average age 51.8 years (ranging from 13 to 80 years). The changes were followed-up for 12.3 years (minimum of 5 years and maximum of 40 years). 58% are living without any sign of premalignant laryngeal mucosal disease, 13% with controlled precancer, and 3% in remission after surgery for carcinoma. 11% died (9% due to cause unrelated to the cancer) and 15% were lost for follow-up. 17% of the group with mucosal hyper- or metaplasia progressed to mild dysplasia, but none progressed to carcinoma. Reinke's oedema recurred in 4%, no malignancy was observed. Carcinoma developed in 16% of laryngeal papilloma (8% in situ and 8% invasive). 15% of mild dysplasia progressed in severity, but none transformed to malignancy. Moderate dysplasia progressed to severe dysplasia in 12%, carcinoma in situ in 4%. Of cases with severe dysplasia 13% developed in situ carcinoma while 43% progressed to invasive cancer. In the whole series progression to severe grade was seen in 7.1%, and malignant transformation in 4.4%. Three patients (1.3%) died due to subsequent carcinoma. Our results agree with some authors; but the majority of them reports higher incidence of malignant transformation. Invasive carcinoma was diagnosed in the follow-up in seven patients. Those represent only 3% of all laryngeal carcinomas diagnosed in our department in the same period of time. Based on the data we have evaluated the intensity of follow-up in patients with hyperplasia, metaplasia, keratosis and mild dysplasia.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• indukce remise MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrochirurgie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk * MeSH
• nádory hrtanu klasifikace   mortalita   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prekancerózy klasifikace   mortalita   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• UTERUS NEOPLASMS/etiology *,
• MeSH
• endometrium * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory dělohy etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CERVIX NEOPLASMS *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• autoradiografie MeSH
• DNA nádorová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory etiologie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA nádorová MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To conclude conditions, indications and principles of performance of hysterectomy for cervical precancer lesions. DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Oncogynecological center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Medical School of Charles University, Prague. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hysterectomy is considered as "gold standard" only in management of glandular precancer lesions. Decision making about hysterectomy in other cases must respect some negative effects of hysterectomy on the one hand and high therapeutical efficacy of conservative surgical procedures and comparable incidence of vaginal and cervical invasive cancers in radically or conservativelly managed women on the other hand. CONCLUSIONS: Indications for hysterectomy in cervical precancer lesions should be strictly individualised and limited to patients without reproductive desire and to patients in which "occult" invasive cancer is excluded.

• MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla chirurgie   MeSH
• hysterektomie * metody   MeSH
• karcinom in situ chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku prevence a kontrola   chirurgie   MeSH
• prekancerózy chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• leukoplakie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu etiologie   MeSH
• nemoci úst * MeSH
• papilom * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge of postoperative follow-up after conservative surgical treatment of cervical precancer lesions. DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Oncogynecological center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Faculty Hospital and 1st Medical School of Charles University, Prague. METHODS AND RESULTS: Residual or recurrent disease is diagnosed in a small amount of women after conservative surgical treatment of cervical precancer lesions. Series of consecutive negative findings are necessary prior to return back to routine screening. Most sensitive marker for residual and recurrent disease is detection of HPV infection. Negative predictive value of HPV testing is significantly higher as compared with negativity of surgical margins or negative Pap smear. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of HPV and Pap smear negativity shows nearly absolute negative predictive value for oncologically relevant finding in postoperative management.

• MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla diagnóza   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• karcinom in situ diagnóza   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• konizace děložního čípku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test MeSH
• reziduální nádor virologie   MeSH
• vaginální stěr MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly improves its management and patients' survival. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are peculiar covalently closed transcripts involved in gene expression modulation whose dysregulation has been extensively reported in CRC cells. However, little is known about their alterations in the early phases of colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS: In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of circRNA profiles in RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data of 96 colorectal cancers, 27 adenomas, and matched adjacent mucosa tissues. We also investigated the levels of cognate linear transcripts and those of regulating RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Levels of circRNA-interacting microRNAs (miRNAs) were explored by integrating data of small RNA-Seq performed on the same samples. RESULTS: Our results revealed a significant dysregulation of 34 circRNAs (paired adj. p < 0.05), almost exclusively downregulated in tumor tissues and, prevalently, in early disease stages. This downregulation was associated with decreased expression of circRNA host genes and those encoding for RBPs involved in circRNA biogenesis, including NOVA1, RBMS3, and MBNL1. Guilt-by-association analysis showed that dysregulated circRNAs correlated with increased predicted activity of cell proliferation, DNA repair, and c-Myc signaling pathways. Functional analysis showed interactions among dysregulated circRNAs, RBPs, and miRNAs, which were supported by significant correlations among their expression levels. Findings were validated in independent cohorts and public datasets, and the downregulation of circLPAR1(2,3) and circLINC00632(5) was validated by ddPCR. CONCLUSIONS: These results support that multiple altered regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the reduction of circRNA levels that characterize early colorectal carcinogenesis.

• Klíčová slova
• Adenoma, Circular RNAs, Colorectal cancer, Precancerous lesions, RNA-binding proteins, RNA-sequencing,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Thanks to mammographic screening and the improvement of breast cancer diagnostics, the detection of precancers is also increasing. They are defined as morphological changes of the mammary gland which are more likely to cause cancer. The evaluated precancers are atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and radial scar. METHODOLOGY: In the period 1. 1. 2018-31. 12. 2022, we performed 1,302 planned operations for breast disease at the Surgical Clinic of Teaching Hospital Plzeň, of which 30 (2%) were precancer operations. ADH was confirmed 11×, LCIS 8×, and a radical scar 11×. The average age of the patients in all three groups was 56 years (27-85). Precancer was diagnosed 8× only by sonography, 3× by mammography and 19× by a combination of both methods. Subsequently, a puncture biopsy was always completed. We performed 28 tumor excisions with intraoperative biopsy and 2 mastectomies. RESULTS: In the case of ADH from puncture biopsy, ADH was confirmed intraoperatively 8×, DCIS was diagnosed 2×, and mucinous carcinoma 1×. In LCIS, no tumor was found by intraoperative biopsy 4×, LCIS was confirmed 1×, lobular invasive carcinoma was diagnosed 1×, mastectomy was performed 2× without intraoperative biopsy. In the radial scar, ADH was diagnosed 3×, sclerosing adenosis 6×, DCIS 1×, invasive carcinoma 1×. After the final histological processing of the samples, there was an increase in diagnosed carcinomas. In ADH, DCIS was confirmed 3×, DIC 2×, and mucinous carcinoma 1×. In LCIS, LIC was diagnosed 3×. In the radial scar, DCIS was confirmed 1×, and invasive carcinoma remain 1×. Thus, carcinoma was diagnosed in 11 patients (37%) thanks to the surgical solution. No patient underwent axillary node surgery. All 11 patients subsequently underwent oncological treatment, always a combination of radiotherapy and hormone therapy. All patients are alive, 10 patients are in complete remission of the disease, one with DCIS experienced a local recurrence after 4 years. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of precancers of the breast makes sense, DCIS or even invasive cancer is often hidden in addition to precancer. Thanks to the surgical solution, the cancer was detected in time.

• Klíčová slova
• atypical ductal hyperplasia, breast cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ, radial scar,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• intraduktální neinfiltrující karcinom chirurgie   patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mamografie MeSH
• mastektomie MeSH
• nádory prsu * chirurgie   patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• prekancerózy * chirurgie   patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, liquid biopsy, ovarian cancer, precancer,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH