vertebral body Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
We have studied development of vertebral bodies with special regard to the area of contact of the vertebral body with the intervertebral disc. We have investigated complete serial sections of fetuses of the 2nd to 3rd month of intrauterine life, microscopic preparations from children, adolescents and young adults. The results of our studies and deductions from our findings are as follows: 1. Cartilaginous plates on contact surfaces of vertebral bodies with intervertebral discs are genetically parts of vertebral bodies, not of the discs. 2. During ontogenesis and growth period of life typical growth (epiphyseal) cartilages with all layers described on growth cartilages of long bones are formed on the surface of these cartilaginous plates facing the vertebral bodies. 3. From the point of view of its growth, the vertebral body should be considered to be a long bone. 4. Unlike other long bones of the skeleton, vertebral body epiphyses never ossify, and after the end of the growth period of life they are reduced into thin plates of hyaline cartilage which are situated between vertebral body and intervertebral disc. 5. We assume nucleus pulposus is not a persistent residuum of notochord. 6. According to our findings the link of sacral vertebral segments is from the very beginning of development typical synchondrosis with bipolar physes without formation of primordium of intervertebral disc.
- MeSH
- chorda dorsalis embryologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- embryonální a fetální vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meziobratlová ploténka embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- páteř embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- růstová ploténka embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We report a young man with low back pain suspected to have a disc protrusion. Imaging suggested a tumour of the dorsal portion of the fifth lumbar vertebral body. Operation suggested a giant-cell tumour and subsequent histology showed an osteoblastoma. All typical imaging features of osteoblastoma are demonstrated in this rather uncommon location. Contrast-enhancing bone-marrow oedema on MRI, with mild enhancement of the tumour, together with the CT appearances were the clues to the diagnosis.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbalgie diagnóza MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- nádory páteře diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- osteoblastom diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- výhřez meziobratlové ploténky diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kontrastní látky MeSH
Body size is a fundamental trait correlated with nearly every aspect of animal life. It is influenced by numerous genetic and non-genetic factors. Despite its central importance, proximate mechanisms of intra- and interspecific variability in body size are still not well understood even in such a largely studied group as reptiles. For our study, we concentrated on the gecko species Paroedura picta. We investigated whether differences in sexual size dimorphism and in final and asymptotic snout-vent length (induced by a range of incubation and rearing temperatures) are correlated with differences in the number of presacral vertebrae. Moreover, we tested whether changes in this number were associated with evolutionary changes in sexual size dimorphism and body size in the genus Paroedura. We found that the variation in the number of presacral vertebrae is very limited both intra- and interspecifically, ranging between 26 and 28 vertebrae with most individuals possessing the modal number of 27. We conclude that changes in the number of vertebrae do not contribute to developmental plasticity or evolutionary changes in body size nor, in contrast to some other squamate lineages, to sexual size dimorphism.
- Klíčová slova
- axial skeleton, body size, developmental plasticity, reptile, sexual size dimorphism, temperature-size rule,
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
- ještěři anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- páteř anatomie a histologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- velikost těla * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures can be treated by minimally invasive percutaneous vertebral augmentation with bone cement using vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty. Transcutaneous reduction and vertebral body stenting has been the most recent principle. In contrast to balloon placement in kyphoplasty, the stent remains in the vertebral body and supports both the vertebral body and cement filling. In this retrospective study we present the essential information on the method and our first results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method of vertebral body stent placement was used in 22 patients treated at 29 levels. Of these, 19 patients with 26 segments followed up for 3 months were evaluated. The group included 12 women and seven men with an average age of 68.3 years (12 to 83). The patients assessed their subjective complaints on the visual analogue scale (VAS) before surgery, and then at 1, 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively. The value of vertebral body reduction was obtained by measurement of anterior, middle and posterior vertebral body heights (AVBH, MVBH and PVBH, respectively) and a change in the vertebral body kyphotic angle (VBKA). RESULTS: Twenty-four vertebrae were treated for osteoporotic fracture and two as preventive stenting in metastatic breast cancer. In 24 fractures, the stents extended fully in 20 vertebrae, i.e., 40 stents. These fractures evidently were not older than 3 months. In four segments, a total of eight stents did not extend at all or did only slightly. The 20 stabilised vertebral bodies had an average AVBH value of 19.41 mm pre-operatively and that of 22.775 mm post-operatively, which is an average increase by 3.365 mm in absolute numbers and by 17.34 %. The average pre- and post-operative MVBH values were 16.625 mm and 23.065 mm, which was improvement by 6.41 mm or by 38.56 %. The average PVBH values pre- and post-operatively were 26.835 mm and 28.31 mm, which meant improvement by 1.475 mm or by 5.5 %. The average correction of the kyphotic angle was 4.58°, i.e., 35.2 %, from a VBKA of 11.71° pre-operatively to 7.13° post-operatively. There were five cases (22.7 %) of cement leakage, i.e., two of ventral leakage, one of lateral leakage, one of dorsal leakage through a canal left in the pedicle by cannula insertion, and a dorsal leakage in metastatic disease. No neurological findings were recorded. The average VAS scores were as follows: 81.4 before surgery, 30.6 at 1 week, 16.3 at 6 weeks and 15.4 at 12 weeks after surgery. DISCUSSION: Two experimental and one clinical study on vertebral body stenting only have been available in the recent relevant literature. In comparison with their results as well as with those of previous reports on vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, our results showed high quality fracture reduction in all vertebrae. The rapid decrease in pain intensity in our group is comparable with all available groups treated by any method of vertebral body augmentation by cement injection; and cement leakage was recorded in even fewer cases. CONCLUSIONS: The novel method of vertebral body stenting with cement augmentation provides a rapid pain relief, gives stability to fracture reduction and has a low rate of cement leakage. However, care must be taken not to indicate cases with a damaged posterior corticalis of the vertebral body.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle zranění chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fraktury páteře chirurgie MeSH
- hrudní obratle zranění chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- osteoporotické fraktury chirurgie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenty * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The objective of this study is to present a new radiographic method for the assessment of vertebral rotation from an antero-posterior view of conventional X-rays which is sufficiently precise in comparison with radiographic methods presently used in clinical practice (methods of Nash-Moe and Perdriolle). This method is based on the properties of the geometric shape of vertebrae and their shared dimensional proportions. It means that the relation between vertebral body width and height doesn't change significantly within the entire thoracic and lumbar sections of the spine. In order to verify the method, we have constructed a special device for vertebral fixation. Subsequently, the X-ray pictures of individual human vertebrae with predefined rotation values (ranging from 0 degrees to 45 degrees by steps of 3 degrees) were radio-graphically measured and then compared with their actual axial rotation on the vertebral rotation device. All arithmetic averages correlate very closely with the actual values. The verification of axial vertebral rotation with the assistance of CT and MRI pictures of six scoliotic patients (in supine position) and the evaluation of axial vertebral rotation by both the new radiographic method and with the Perdriolle method proved the satisfactory accuracy of our method. The main advantage of the newly presented radiographic method is the uncomplicated measurement of vertebral rotation from AP projection of conventional X-ray pictures or from its printed copies. The gold standard of the new radiographic method is the evaluation of axial rotation of vertebrae to 30 degrees approximately and the shape of vertebral bodies without severe structural deformities. The new radiographic method seems to be suitable for use in clinical practice.
- Klíčová slova
- Axial vertebral rotation, Radiographic method, Vertebral rotation device, X-ray of spine,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty have shown to improve pain and functional outcome in cases with symptomatic vertebral fractures. Although restoration of the vertebral body height and kyphosis seemed to be easier with balloon kyphoplasty, it became clear that some of the correction achieved by the balloon is lost once it was deflated. Vertebral body stent was developed to eliminate this phenomenon. To our knowledge this is the first study in describing this technique in clinical settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with 20 fractured vertebral bodies were included. All fractures were Type A1.3 or A3.1 (incomplete burst). Information about pain (visual analogue scale-VAS) and function (Oswestry disability index-ODI) and vertebral body deformity (vertebral angle-VA) was recorded in a prospective way at regular intervals. Patients were classified into osteoporotic group (7 patients) and traumatic groups (10 patients, younger than 60 years). RESULTS: There were 6 male and 11 female patients with mean age of 58.1 years (31-88 years). Mean follow up was 12 months. The preoperative pain level showed a mean VAS score of 8.9 in osteoporotic group and 9.7 in traumatic group. Postoperatively, in osteoporotic group, mean VAS was 4.8 at 6 weeks, 4.0 at 6 months and 2.5 at 12 months compared with traumatic fracture group where it was 2.7 at 6 weeks, 2.2 at 6 months and 1.6 at 12 months. Mean ODI in osteoporotic group was 41.7% (14-58%) and in traumatic group it was 20.4% (6-33%). Mean vertebral body angle prior to surgery in osteoporotic group was 9.7 whilst postoperatively it was 5.2°; so the mean correction achieved was 4.5°. In traumatic group preoperative VA was 13° whilst postoperatively it was 5.7°; therefore the mean correction achieved was 7.3°. None of the patients lost reduction at their last follow up. CONCLUSION: Vertebral body stenting leads to satisfactory improvement in pain, function and kyphosis correction in the treatment of osteoporotic and traumatic fractures. Anterior spinal column, especially the fragmented superior endplate is nicely reconstructed by the stent provided it is inserted accurately. With addition of posterior transpedicular instrumentation, indications for this technique may be wider covering some Type B and C fractures with similar vertebral body damage.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle zranění chirurgie MeSH
- bolest prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fraktury páteře patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- hrudní obratle zranění chirurgie MeSH
- kostní cementy terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyfoplastika metody MeSH
- kyfóza chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti MeSH
- osteoporotické fraktury patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- polymethylmethakrylát terapeutické užití MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenty * MeSH
- vertebroplastika metody MeSH
- vnitřní fixace fraktury přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kostní cementy MeSH
- polymethylmethakrylát MeSH
In view of the increased numbers of vertebrogenic complaints in society today, the authors investigated the clinical and morphological relations involved in these conditions. Histological techniques and the scanning electron microscope were used to examine the different structures of the spine under conditions of tensile overload. Chief attention was paid to the structures most exposed to mechanical stress, such as the interface between the vertebral body and the intervertebral disc. The authors found that the insertion of collagen fibres in cartilage or bone in the regions overloaded by tensile forces is identical to that found in epicondylitis in other locations. Such enthesopathies in the spinal region may form a major component of back pain states, and special therapy should be employed for them.
- MeSH
- bolesti zad etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanický stres MeSH
- meziobratlová ploténka patologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- páteř patologie MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- šlachy patologie MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Vertebral bodies are composed of two types of metameric elements, centra and arches, each of which is considered as a developmental module. Most parts of the teleost vertebral column have a one-to-one relationship between centra and arches, although, in all teleosts, this one-to-one relationship is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton. Deviation from the one-to-one relationship occurs in most vertebrates, related to changes in the number of vertebral centra or to a change in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations also occur predominantly in the caudal region of the vertebral column. In-depth phenotypic analysis of wild-type zebrafish was performed using whole-mount stained samples, histological analyses and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy 3D reconstructions. Three deviant centra phenotypes were observed: (i) fusion of two vertebral centra, (ii) wedge-shaped hemivertebrae and (iii) centra with reduced length. Neural and haemal arches and their spines displayed bilateral and unilateral variations that resemble vertebral column phenotypes of stem-ward actinopterygians or other gnathostomes as well as pathological conditions in extant species. Whether it is possible to distinguish variations from pathological alterations and whether alterations resemble ancestral conditions is discussed in the context of centra and arch variations in other vertebrate groups and basal actinopterygian species.
- Klíčová slova
- developmental modules, evolution and development, skeleton, vertebrae, zebrafish,
- MeSH
- dánio pruhované * MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- páteř * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
