Deuterostomes - a key subdivision of animals - are characterized by the mouth developing anteriorly as a rupture between the outer epithelium and the foregut wall. A new study of amphioxus challenges this view and proposes separate evolutionary origins of deuterostome oral openings.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• kopinatci anatomie a histologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ústa anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• fertilizace MeSH
• mozek růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• obojživelníci MeSH
• reakce antigenu s protilátkou MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zoologie * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nukleové kyseliny MeSH

• MeSH
• akademie a ústavy * MeSH
• Ambystoma MeSH
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antigeny MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• buněčné dělení MeSH
• buněčné jádro MeSH
• cytoplazma MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• obojživelníci * MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• polyploidie MeSH
• Rana temporaria MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• transplantace kůže MeSH
• transplantační imunologie * MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• Urodela MeSH
• žáby MeSH
• zoologie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antigeny MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny * MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• GENETICS *, IMMUNOLOGY *, REGENERATION *, TRANSPLANTATION *,
• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie * MeSH
• genetika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• transplantace * MeSH
• výzkumná zpráva * MeSH
• zoologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• BIBLIOGRAPHY *, BIOGRAPHIES *, CZECHOSLOVAKIA *, HISTORY *, HISTORY OF MEDICINE, 20TH CENT. *, ZOOLOGY *,
• MeSH
• bibliografie jako téma * MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lékařství * MeSH
• zoologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• bibliografie MeSH
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

• O autorovi
• FERIANC, O

The bacterial diversity associated with eroding sponges belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex is scarcely known. Cliona thomasi described from the West Coast of India is a new introduction to the viridis species complex. In this study, we determined the bacterial diversity associated with C. thomasi using next-generation sequencing. The results revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Among Proteobacteria, the Alphaproteobacteria were found to be the most dominant class. Furthermore, at the genus level, Rhodothalassium were highly abundant followed by Endozoicomonas in sponge samples. The beta-diversity and species richness measures showed remarkably lower diversity in Cliona thomasi than the ambient environment. The determined lower bacterial diversity in C. thomasi than the environmental samples, thus, categorized it as a low microbial abundance (LMA). Functional annotation of the C. thomasi-associated bacterial community indicates their possible role in photo-autotrophy, aerobic nitrification, coupling of sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidization. The present study unveils the bacterial diversity in bioeroding C. thomasi, which is a crucial step to determine the functions of the sponge holobiont in coral reef ecosystem.

• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• korálové útesy * MeSH
• Porifera * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indie MeSH

Bacteria of the phylum Verrucomicrobia are ubiquitous in marine environments and can be found as free-living organisms or as symbionts of eukaryotic hosts. Little is known about host-associated Verrucomicrobia in the marine environment. Here we reconstructed two genomes of symbiotic Verrucomicrobia from bacterial metagenomes derived from the Atlanto-Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis and three genomes from strains that we isolated from offshore seawater of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Phylogenomic analysis of these five strains indicated that they are all members of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 4, order Opitutales. We compared these novel sponge-associated and seawater-isolated genomes to closely related Verrucomicrobia. Genomic analysis revealed that Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia microcompartment gene clusters are enriched in the genomes of symbiotic Opitutales including sponge symbionts but not in free-living ones. We hypothesize that in sponge symbionts these microcompartments are used for degradation of l-fucose and l-rhamnose, which are components of algal and bacterial cell walls and therefore may be found at high concentrations in the sponge tissue. Furthermore, we observed an enrichment of toxin-antitoxin modules in symbiotic Opitutales. We suggest that, in sponges, verrucomicrobial symbionts utilize these modules as a defence mechanism against antimicrobial activity deriving from the abundant microbial community co-inhabiting the host.

• MeSH
• cukry metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• mořská voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Porifera mikrobiologie   MeSH
• symbióza * MeSH
• systémy toxin-antitoxin genetika   MeSH
• Verrucomicrobia klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středozemní moře MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cukry MeSH

Avian brood parasites and their hosts display varied egg-puncture behaviors, exerting asymmetric co-evolutionary selection pressures on eggshells' breaking strength. We investigated eggshell structural and textural characteristics that may improve its mechanical performance. Parasitic eggshell calcified layers showed complex ultra- and microstructural patterns. However, stronger parasitic eggshells are not due to lower textural severity (characterized by lower preferred crystallographic orientation, larger local grain misorientation and smaller Kearns factor), but rather to grain boundary (GB) microstructure characteristics within the eggshell outermost layer (palisade layer, PL). Accordingly, the thicker the PL and the more complex the GB pathways are, the tougher the parasitic eggshells will be. These characteristics, which we can identify as a "GB Engineering" driven co-evolutionary process, further improve eggshell breaking strength in those parasitic species that suffer relatively high frequencies of egg-puncturing by congeneric or hosts. Overall, plain textural patterns are not suitable predictors for comparing mechanical performance of bioceramic materials.

• Klíčová slova
• Evolutionary biology, Ornithology, Zoology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Arctic environments are changing rapidly and if we are to understand the resilience of species to future changes, we need to investigate alterations in their life histories. Egg size and egg shape are key life-history traits, reflecting parental investment as well as influencing future reproductive success. Here we focus on egg characteristics in two Arctic shorebirds, the Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and the Temminck's stint (Calidris temminckii). Using egg photos that encompass their full breeding ranges, we show that egg characteristics exhibit significant longitudinal variations, and the variation in the monogamous species (Dunlin) is significantly greater than the polygamous species (Temminck's stint). Our finding is consistent with the recent "disperse-to-mate" hypothesis which asserts that polygamous species disperse further to find mates than monogamous species, and by doing so they create panmictic populations. Taken together, Arctic shorebirds offer excellent opportunities to understand evolutionary patterns in life history traits.

• Klíčová slova
• Evolutionary biology, Ornithology, Zoology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ancient aposematic signals might have evolved under different ecological circumstances. Using European Cenozoic amber and phylogenetic reconstruction, we evaluated the evolution of net-winged beetle aposematism. We describe Priabonian Hiekeolycus winkleri sp. nov. from Baltic amber, review known fossil species, and suggest earlier high diversity and morphological conservativeness of European Lycidae since the Eocene. We hypothesize the presence of red and black/red aposematic patterns in Eocene Europe. The analyses suggest the Oligocene to Miocene dispersal of additional species from East Asia and their advergence to autochthonous patterns. Recently dispersed lycids have retained similarities with their East Asian relatives. Net-winged beetles are rare in Europe after the Quaternary climatic oscillations, and we hypothesize a currently relaxed selection for shared aposematic signals. Neophobia, and eventually inborn rejection of brightly colored prey, putatively preserved ancient aposematism under changing conditions. Evidence from paleontology and phylogenetics can provide insight into the long-term persistence of old adaptations under changing conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Evolutionary biology, Paleobiology, Zoology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH