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Overwintering of the boreal butterfly Colias palaeno in central Europe

P. Vrba, M. Dolek, O. Nedved, H. Zahradnickova, C. Cerrato, M. Konvicka,

. 2014 ; 35 (3) : 247-54.

Language English Country England, Great Britain

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUND: Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a butterfly with boreal distribution with declining populations in peat bogs and subalpine habitats in Central Europe. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the cold tolerance of overwintering caterpillars from one mountain population from Czech Republic (960m a.s.l.) and one alpine population from Italy (2000m a.s.l.). METHODS: We measured supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LLT) and content of cryoprotectants. RESULTS: The caterpillars were freeze-avoiding, with lower LLT close to their very low SCP (-25 to -27 degree C). The mountain population accumulated high concentrations of glycerol (5% fresh mass) and sugars (trehalose 0.8%, glucose 0.2%), while the Italian alpine population only moderate amounts of glycerol (0.3%) and sugars (trehalose 0.5%, glucose 0.3%) without effect on their cold hardiness. Larvae that overwintered at +5 degree C had a lower body mass than those overwintering in natural conditions, indicating a metabolic weight loss, but both groups survived equally well. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the high concentration of glycerol contributes to the high desiccation tolerance.

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$a BACKGROUND: Colias palaeno (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is a butterfly with boreal distribution with declining populations in peat bogs and subalpine habitats in Central Europe. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the cold tolerance of overwintering caterpillars from one mountain population from Czech Republic (960m a.s.l.) and one alpine population from Italy (2000m a.s.l.). METHODS: We measured supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LLT) and content of cryoprotectants. RESULTS: The caterpillars were freeze-avoiding, with lower LLT close to their very low SCP (-25 to -27 degree C). The mountain population accumulated high concentrations of glycerol (5% fresh mass) and sugars (trehalose 0.8%, glucose 0.2%), while the Italian alpine population only moderate amounts of glycerol (0.3%) and sugars (trehalose 0.5%, glucose 0.3%) without effect on their cold hardiness. Larvae that overwintered at +5 degree C had a lower body mass than those overwintering in natural conditions, indicating a metabolic weight loss, but both groups survived equally well. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the high concentration of glycerol contributes to the high desiccation tolerance.
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$a Dolek, M $u Buro Geyer und Dolek, Worthsee, Germany.
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$a Nedved, O $u Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. nedved@prf.jcu.cz.
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$a Cerrato, C $u Department of Life Science and System Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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$a Konvicka, M $u Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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