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Busulfan and melphalan versus carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan as high-dose chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL1/SIOPEN): an international, randomised, multi-arm, open-label, phase 3 trial
R. Ladenstein, U. Pötschger, ADJ. Pearson, P. Brock, R. Luksch, V. Castel, I. Yaniv, V. Papadakis, G. Laureys, J. Malis, W. Balwierz, E. Ruud, P. Kogner, H. Schroeder, AF. de Lacerda, M. Beck-Popovic, P. Bician, M. Garami, T. Trahair, A. Canete,...
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Clinical Trial, Phase III, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial
NLK
ProQuest Central
from 2000-09-01 to 2 months ago
Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)
from 2000-09-01 to 2 months ago
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 2000-09-01 to 2 months ago
Public Health Database (ProQuest)
from 2000-09-01 to 2 months ago
- MeSH
- Busulfan administration & dosage MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Etoposide administration & dosage MeSH
- Carboplatin administration & dosage MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphatic Metastasis MeSH
- Melphalan administration & dosage MeSH
- International Agencies MeSH
- Survival Rate MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Bone Neoplasms drug therapy secondary MeSH
- Follow-Up Studies MeSH
- Neuroblastoma drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use MeSH
- Neoplasm Staging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Clinical Trial, Phase III MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
BACKGROUND: High-dose chemotherapy with haemopoietic stem-cell rescue improves event-free survival in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma; however, which regimen has the greatest patient benefit has not been established. We aimed to assess event-free survival after high-dose chemotherapy with busulfan and melphalan compared with carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. METHODS: We did an international, randomised, multi-arm, open-label, phase 3 cooperative group clinical trial of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma at 128 institutions in 18 countries that included an open-label randomised arm in which high-dose chemotherapy regimens were compared. Patients (age 1-20 years) with neuroblastoma were eligible to be randomly assigned if they had completed a multidrug induction regimen (cisplatin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and etoposide with or without topotecan, vincristine, and doxorubicin) and achieved an adequate disease response. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to busulfan and melphalan or to carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan by minimisation, balancing age at diagnosis, stage, MYCN amplification, and national cooperative clinical group between groups. The busulfan and melphalan regimen comprised oral busulfan (150 mg/m(2) given on 4 days consecutively in four equal doses); after Nov 8, 2007, intravenous busulfan was given (0·8-1·2 mg/kg per dose for 16 doses according to patient weight). After 24 h, an intravenous melphalan dose (140 mg/m(2)) was given. Doses of busulfan and melphalan were modified according to bodyweight. The carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan regimen consisted of carboplatin continuous infusion of area under the plasma concentration-time curve 4·1 mg/mL per min per day for 4 days, etoposide continuous infusion of 338 mg/m(2) per day for 4 days, and melphalan 70 mg/m(2) per day for 3 days, with doses for all three drugs modified according to bodyweight and glomerular filtration rate. Stem-cell rescue was given after the last dose of high-dose chemotherapy, at least 24 h after melphalan in patients who received busulfan and melphalan and at least 72 h after carboplatin etoposide, and melphalan. All patients received subsequent local radiotherapy to the primary tumour site followed by maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was 3-year event-free survival, analysed by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01704716, and EudraCT, number 2006-001489-17. FINDINGS: Between June 24, 2002, and Oct 8, 2010, 1347 patients were enrolled and 676 were eligible for random allocation, 598 (88%) of whom were randomly assigned: 296 to busulfan and melphalan and 302 to carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. Median follow-up was 7·2 years (IQR 5·3-9·2). At 3 years, 146 of 296 patients in the busulfan and melphalan group and 188 of 302 in the carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan group had an event; 3-year event-free survival was 50% (95% CI 45-56) versus 38% (32-43; p=0·0005). Nine patients in the busulfan and melphalan group and 11 in the carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan group had died without relapse by 5 years. Severe life-threatening toxicities occurred in 13 (4%) patients who received busulfan and melphalan and 29 (10%) who received carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. The most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events were general condition (74 [26%] of 281 in the busulfan and melphalan group vs 103 [38%] of 270 in the carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan group), infection (55 [19%] of 283 vs 74 [27%] of 271), and stomatitis (138 [49%] of 284 vs 162 [59%] of 273); 60 (22%) of 267 patients in the busulfan and melphalan group had Bearman grades 1-3 veno-occlusive disease versus 21 (9%) of 239 in the carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan group. INTERPRETATION: Busulfan and melphalan improved event-free survival in children with high-risk neuroblastoma with an adequate response to induction treatment and caused fewer severe adverse events than did carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. Busulfan and melphalan should thus be considered standard high-dose chemotherapy and ongoing randomised studies will continue to aim to optimise treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. FUNDING: European Commission 5th Framework Grant and the St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung.
2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
Center for Health and Bioresources AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Graz Austria
Children Adolescent and Young Adults Department Institut Curie Paris France
Children and Adolescent Oncology Department Gustave Roussy Paris Sud University Paris France
Children's Cancer Research Institute Department of Tumour Biology Medical University Vienna Austria
Clinic of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology University Children's Hospital Banska Bystrica Slovakia
Department of Oncology University College Hospital London UK
Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology Portuguese Institute of Oncology Lisbon Portugal
Department of Paediatric Haematology Oncology Agia Sofia Children's Hospital Athens Athens Greece
Department of Paediatric Medicine Rikshospitalet Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic
Department of Pediatrics Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Aarhus Denmark
Department Paediatric Oncology Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK
Department Paediatric Surgery St Georges Hospital London UK
Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick NSW Australia
Oncology Unit Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
Pediatric Oncology Unit Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe Valencia Spain
St Anna Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics of the Medical University Vienna Austria
References provided by Crossref.org
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