High-resolution imaging methods (HRIMs) and biomarkers present the second step of pancreatic cancer (PC) diagnostics in at-risk individuals. These include patients with positive risk factors, early symptoms, nonresponders to the initial antidiabetic therapy, patients older than 50 years of age with new-onset unstable diabetes requiring insulin as well as patients with long-term insulin-non-dependent diabetes and recent (up to 6 months) failure of antidiabetic therapy. The procedures should be started without delay and the co-operation between the primary and tertiary medical centers is highly desirable. An early indication of HRIMs and biomarkers is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of a resectable PC. This publication reviews the recent contribution of HRIMs and biomarkers toward an early diagnosis of PC.

Departments of aMedicine GastroenterologybPathologycSurgery Military University HospitaldLaboratory of Endocrinology and MetabolismeInstitute of Biochemistry and Experimental OncologyfInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics General University Hospital 1st and 2nd Faculty of MedicinegDepartment of Medicine 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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