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Scale-dependent climatic drivers of human epidemics in ancient China

H. Tian, C. Yan, L. Xu, U. Büntgen, NC. Stenseth, Z. Zhang,

. 2017 ; 114 (49) : 12970-12975. [pub] 20171106

Language English Country United States

Document type Historical Article, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

E-resources Online Full text

NLK Free Medical Journals from 1915 to 6 months ago
Freely Accessible Science Journals from 1915 to 6 months ago
PubMed Central from 1915 to 6 months ago
Europe PubMed Central from 1915 to 6 months ago
Open Access Digital Library from 1915-01-15
Open Access Digital Library from 1915-01-01

A wide range of climate change-induced effects have been implicated in the prevalence of infectious diseases. Disentangling causes and consequences, however, remains particularly challenging at historical time scales, for which the quality and quantity of most of the available natural proxy archives and written documentary sources often decline. Here, we reconstruct the spatiotemporal occurrence patterns of human epidemics for large parts of China and most of the last two millennia. Cold and dry climate conditions indirectly increased the prevalence of epidemics through the influences of locusts and famines. Our results further reveal that low-frequency, long-term temperature trends mainly contributed to negative associations with epidemics, while positive associations of epidemics with droughts, floods, locusts, and famines mainly coincided with both higher and lower frequency temperature variations. Nevertheless, unstable relationships between human epidemics and temperature changes were observed on relatively smaller time scales. Our study suggests that an intertwined, direct, and indirect array of biological, ecological, and societal responses to different aspects of past climatic changes strongly depended on the frequency domain and study period chosen.

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$a A wide range of climate change-induced effects have been implicated in the prevalence of infectious diseases. Disentangling causes and consequences, however, remains particularly challenging at historical time scales, for which the quality and quantity of most of the available natural proxy archives and written documentary sources often decline. Here, we reconstruct the spatiotemporal occurrence patterns of human epidemics for large parts of China and most of the last two millennia. Cold and dry climate conditions indirectly increased the prevalence of epidemics through the influences of locusts and famines. Our results further reveal that low-frequency, long-term temperature trends mainly contributed to negative associations with epidemics, while positive associations of epidemics with droughts, floods, locusts, and famines mainly coincided with both higher and lower frequency temperature variations. Nevertheless, unstable relationships between human epidemics and temperature changes were observed on relatively smaller time scales. Our study suggests that an intertwined, direct, and indirect array of biological, ecological, and societal responses to different aspects of past climatic changes strongly depended on the frequency domain and study period chosen.
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$a Yan, Chuan $u State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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$a Büntgen, Ulf $u Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN Cambridge, United Kingdom. Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. CzechGlobe, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic. Department of Geography, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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