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Phenytoin - An anti-seizure drug: Overview of its chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

J. Patocka, Q. Wu, E. Nepovimova, K. Kuca

. 2020 ; 142 (-) : 111393. [pub] 20200504

Language English Country Great Britain

Document type Journal Article, Review

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc21012312

Phenytoin is a long-standing, anti-seizure drug widely used in clinical practice. It has also been evaluated in the context of many other illnesses in addition to its original epilepsy indication. The narrow therapeutic index of phenytoin and its ubiquitous daily use pose a high risk of poisoning. This review article focuses on the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of phenytoin, with a special focus on its mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. The side effects on human health associated with phenytoin use are thoroughly described. In particular, DRESS syndrome and cerebellar atrophy are addressed. This review will help in further understanding the benefits phenytoin use in the treatment of epilepsy.

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$a Patocka, Jiri $u Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Department of Radiology and Toxicology, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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$a Phenytoin is a long-standing, anti-seizure drug widely used in clinical practice. It has also been evaluated in the context of many other illnesses in addition to its original epilepsy indication. The narrow therapeutic index of phenytoin and its ubiquitous daily use pose a high risk of poisoning. This review article focuses on the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of phenytoin, with a special focus on its mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. The side effects on human health associated with phenytoin use are thoroughly described. In particular, DRESS syndrome and cerebellar atrophy are addressed. This review will help in further understanding the benefits phenytoin use in the treatment of epilepsy.
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$a Wu, Qinghua $u Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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$a Nepovimova, Eugenie $u Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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$a Kuca, Kamil $u Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Electronic address: kamil.kuca@uhk.cz
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