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Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: Current Risk of Spreading in Central and Northern Europe
HP. Fuehrer, S. Morelli, MS. Unterköfler, A. Bajer, K. Bakran-Lebl, D. Dwużnik-Szarek, R. Farkas, G. Grandi, M. Heddergott, P. Jokelainen, T. Knific, M. Leschnik, M. Miterpáková, D. Modrý, HH. Petersen, K. Skírnisson, A. Vergles Rataj, M....
Language English Country Switzerland
Document type Journal Article, Review
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- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
In the past few decades, the relevance of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing cardiopulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis in dogs and cats, and of Angiostrongylus vasorum, causing canine angiostrongylosis, has steadily increased in Central and Northern Europe. In this review, a summary of published articles and additional reports dealing with imported or autochthonous cases of these parasites is provided for Central (Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Luxemburg, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland) and Northern (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) Europe. Research efforts focusing on Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum have varied by country, and cross-border studies are few. The housing conditions of dogs, pet movements, the spread of competent vectors, and climate change are important factors in the spread of these nematodes. Dogs kept outside overnight are a major factor for the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. However, the establishment of invasive, diurnal, synanthropic, competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes albopictus may also influence the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. The drivers of the spread of A. vasorum remain not fully understood, but it seems to be influenced by habitats shared with wild canids, dog relocation, and possibly climatic changes; its pattern of spreading appears to be similar in different countries. Both Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum merit further monitoring and research focus in Europe.
Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University 61137 Brno Czech Republic
Department of Microbiology National Veterinary Institute 756 51 Uppsala Sweden
Department of Parasitology and Zoology University of Veterinary Medicine 1078 Budapest Hungary
Department of Zoology Musée National d'Historire Naturelle 25 Rue Münster 2160 Luxembourg Luxembourg
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Teramo 64100 Teramo Italy
Institute of Parasitology Slovak Academy of Sciences Hlinkova 3 040 01 Košice Slovakia
Institute of Parasitology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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- $a In the past few decades, the relevance of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing cardiopulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis in dogs and cats, and of Angiostrongylus vasorum, causing canine angiostrongylosis, has steadily increased in Central and Northern Europe. In this review, a summary of published articles and additional reports dealing with imported or autochthonous cases of these parasites is provided for Central (Austria, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Luxemburg, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland) and Northern (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) Europe. Research efforts focusing on Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum have varied by country, and cross-border studies are few. The housing conditions of dogs, pet movements, the spread of competent vectors, and climate change are important factors in the spread of these nematodes. Dogs kept outside overnight are a major factor for the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. However, the establishment of invasive, diurnal, synanthropic, competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes albopictus may also influence the establishment of Dirofilaria spp. The drivers of the spread of A. vasorum remain not fully understood, but it seems to be influenced by habitats shared with wild canids, dog relocation, and possibly climatic changes; its pattern of spreading appears to be similar in different countries. Both Dirofilaria spp. and A. vasorum merit further monitoring and research focus in Europe.
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