Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy type. TLE onset in infancy aggravates features like severity, drug responsiveness, or development of comorbidities. These aggravations may arise from altered micro RNA (miRNA) expression specific to the early onset of the disease. Although the miRNA involvement in TLE is widely studied, the relationship between the onset-age and miRNA expression has not been addressed. Here, we investigated the miRNA profile of infantile and adult-onset TLE in rats combining sequencing and PCR. Since miRNA expression changes with the disease progression, we scrutinized miRNA dynamics across three stages: acute, latent, and chronic. We report that infantile-onset TLE leads to changes in the expression of fewer miRNAs across these stages. Interestingly, the miRNA profile in the acute stage of infantile-onset TLE overlaps in dysregulation of miR-132-5p, -205, and -211-3p with the chronic stage of the disease starting in adulthood. The analysis of putative targets linked the majority of dysregulated miRNAs with pathways involved in epilepsy. Our profiling uncovered miRNA expression characteristic for infantile and adulthood-onset epileptogenesis, suggesting the distinct biology underlying TLE in the onset age-dependent matter. Our results indicate the necessity of addressing the onset age as an important parameter in future epilepsy research.

Brno Epilepsy Center Department of Neurology St Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

CEITEC Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Developmental Epileptology Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Videnska 1083 14220 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Division of Neuropathology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania 19104 6100 Philadelphia PA USA

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