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Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data
AM. Chinchani, M. Menon, M. Roes, H. Hwang, P. Allen, V. Bell, J. Bless, C. Bortolon, M. Cella, C. Fernyhough, J. Garrison, E. Kozáková, F. Larøi, J. Moffatt, N. Say, M. Suzuki, WL. Toh, Y. Zaytseva, SL. Rossell, P. Moseley, TS. Woodward
Language English Country Italy
Document type Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Grant support
WT108720
Wellcome Trust - United Kingdom
- MeSH
- Hallucinations * MeSH
- Cognition MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Multivariate Analysis MeSH
- Attention MeSH
- Psychotic Disorders * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions of HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.
BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Vancouver UK
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab Centre for Mental Health Swinburne University Melbourne Australia
Department of Bioinformatics University of British Columbia Vancouver UK
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Department of Mental Health St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver UK
Department of Psychology Durham UK
Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts Charles University Prague Czech Republic
Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal UK
Department of Psychology Northumbria University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
Department of Psychology University of British Columbia Vancouver UK
Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
Department of Psychology University of Roehampton London UK
Division of Psychiatry University College London London UK
NORMENT Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research University of Oslo Oslo Norway
Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit University of Liege Liege Belgium
School of Psychology University of Sussex Falmer UK
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Maudsley Hospital London UK
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can be pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underpin HEs include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, and impaired attentional processes. Using data from an international multisite study on non-clinical participants (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items. We used a three-step method to extract and examine item-specific signal, which is typically obscured when summary scores are analyzed using traditional methodologies. The three-step method involved: (1) constraining variance in cognition variables to that which is predictable from HE variables, followed by dimension reduction, (2) determining reliable HE items using split-halves and permutation tests, and (3) selecting cognition items for interpretation using a leave-one-out procedure followed by repetition of Steps 1 and 2. The results showed that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as bi-dimensional, with two distinct mechanisms emerging as candidates for separate pathways to the development of HEs: HEs involving perceptual distortions on one hand (including voices), underpinned by a low threshold for signal detection in cognition, and HEs involving sensory overload on the other hand, underpinned by reduced laterality in cognition. We propose that these two dimensions of HEs involving distortions/liberal signal detection, and sensation overload/reduced laterality may map onto psychosis-spectrum and dissociation-spectrum anomalous experiences, respectively.
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