Intercellular distribution of the plant hormone auxin largely depends on the polar subcellular distribution of the plasma membrane PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters. PIN polarity switches in response to different developmental and environmental signals have been shown to redirect auxin fluxes mediating certain developmental responses. PIN phosphorylation at different sites and by different kinases is crucial for PIN function. Here we investigate the role of PIN phosphorylation during gravitropic response. Loss- and gain-of-function mutants in PINOID and related kinases but not in D6PK kinase as well as mutations mimicking constitutive dephosphorylated or phosphorylated status of two clusters of predicted phosphorylation sites partially disrupted PIN3 phosphorylation and caused defects in gravitropic bending in roots and hypocotyls. In particular, they impacted PIN3 polarity rearrangements in response to gravity and during feed-back regulation by auxin itself. Thus PIN phosphorylation, besides regulating transport activity and apical-basal targeting, is also important for the rapid polarity switches in response to environmental and endogenous signals.

Cardiff School of Biosciences The Sir Martin Evans Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX United Kingdom

Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria

Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria

Laboratory of Growth Regulators Palacký University Křížkovského 511 8 771 47 Olomouc Czech Republic

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