Napriek hmatateľným pokrokom v liečbe covidu- 19 ide stále o quoad vitam vysoko rizikové ochorenie, najmä pre seniorov. Najsilnejšou garanciou minimalizácie rizík pandémie ostáva vakcinácia. Na Slovensku sme doteraz nedosiahli zaočkovanosť proti covidu-19, ktorá by bola garanciou zásadného zníženia hrozby covidu-19 aj z pohľadu verejného zdravia. V retrospektívnej observačnej štúdii sme analyzovali zaočkovanosť hospitalizovaných seniorov (87 pacientov, priemerne 80,3-roční), keď už vakcinácia bola dobre dostupná. Nevakcinovaných bolo napriek tomu 72,6 % hospitalizovaných. Nezistili sme žiadny vzťah nezaočkovanosti a veku, bola kvantitatívne výrazná tendencia k vyššej nezaočkovanosti žien (80,9 vs. 62,5 % u mužov; ns), signifikantne častejšie boli vakcinovaní žijúci v domovoch sociálnych služieb než doma (50,0 vs. 23,3 %; p = 0,04) a vysokoškolsky vzdelaní než ostatní (58,3 vs. 22,7 %; p = 0,01). Príčiny nezaočkovanosti sa v 73 % nepodarilo zistiť, kategoricky sa proti vakcinácii profilovalo len 3,2 % pacientov, vo vakcínu neverilo alebo sa jej bálo 9,5 % pacientov. Jeden hospitalizovaný nevakcinovaný pacient pripadal približne na 374 nevakcinovaných 65-ročných a starších obyvateľov regiónu (obyvateľ), jeden hospitalizovaný vakcinovaný len na 3953 vakcinovaných obyvateľov. Nevakcinovaní pacienti trpeli značnou polymorbiditou: okrem covidu-19 mali priemerne 14,2 ochorení (z toho 12,5 chronických) spomedzi 59 sledovaných. Nemocničná úmrtnosť bola veľmi vysoká (48,3 %). Hoci sa nezaočkovaní a očkovaní významnejšie nelíšili v základných charakteristikách (vek, sumárna komorbidita, saturácia krvi kyslíkom pred prijatím, dĺžka hospitalizácie), rozdiel v úmrtnosti bol zrejmý v prospech očkovaných (33,3 vs. 54,0 %; ns). Sme si istí, že aj nami zistené skutočnosti potvrdzujú zásadný význam vakcinácie proti covidu-19.

Despite tangible advances in the treatment of COVID-19, it is still a high-risk disease quoad vitam, especially for the elderly. Vaccination remains the strongest guarantee to minimize the risks of the pandemic. In Slovakia, we have not yet achieved vaccination level against COVID-19, which would ensure a substantial reduction in the COVID-19 threat from the public health standpoint. In a retrospective observational study, we analysed the vaccination coverage of hospitalized seniors (87 patients, average age 80.3 years) when vaccination was already readily available. Nevertheless, 72.6% of hospitalized were not vaccinated. We did not find any relationship between the absence of vaccination and age, there was a quantitatively significant tendency for non-vaccination among women (80.9 vs. 62.5% in men; ns), people living in social care facilities were significantly more frequently vaccinated than those living at home (50.0 vs. 23.3%; p = 0.04), vaccinated patients were significantly more likely to have a university degree than the others (58.3 vs. 22.7%; p = 0.01). The reasons for non-vaccination were not identified in 73%, only 3.2% of patients were categorically against the vaccination and 9.5% of patients did not believe in the vaccine or were afraid of it. One hospitalized unvaccinated patient corresponded approximately to 374 unvaccinated people aged 65 and older in their region, one hospitalized vaccinated patient corresponded only to 3,953 vaccinated people in their region. Unvaccinated patients suffered from significant polymorbidity: in addition to COVID-19, they had on average of 14.2 diseases (of which 12.5 were chronic) out of 59 analysed diseases. In-hospital mortality was very high (48.3%). Although unvaccinated and vaccinated did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics (age, overall comorbidity, blood oxygen saturation before admission, length of hospital stay), the difference in mortality was evident in favour of the vaccinated (33.3 vs. 54.0% in the unvaccinated; ns). We are sure that our findings confirm the crucial importance of vaccination against the COVID-19.

1 klinika geriatrie LF UK a UN Bratislava

Profile of non-vaccinated seniors with COVID-19 hospitalized during the third pandemic wave